RESUMO
Two objectives were established for this study: 1) to assess the impact of a culturally specific, intensive diabetes education program on dietary patterns, and 2) to assess nutrient consumption relative to the Recommended Dietary Allowances. The study population consisted of elderly Mexican Americans with diabetes living in Harlingen and Brownsville, Texas. The experimental group (n = 78) participated in an intense, 2-hour nutrition education session, while the control group (n = 74) did not. The education session was conducted for groups of eight subjects via videotapes and interactive discussion. All groups experienced significant weight loss except the women in the experimental group. After the education program, however, the experimental women had increased the percentage of calories consumed daily from carbohydrate. Mean calcium consumption was substantially less than the RDA in all groups, and inadequate amounts of ascorbic acid and vitamin A often were consumed. Intensive, frequent, long-term follow-up appears essential for more sustained results.
Assuntos
Características Culturais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Registros de Dieta , Americanos Mexicanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Prediction equations have been evolved for the assessment of vital capacity, total lung capacity, and the single breath carbon monoxide transfer factor in haemoglobin SS and haemoglobin SC disease. These relationships take account of the growth disorder and anaemia in the sickle-cell states. The results suggest that, in the clinically stable state, and effects of alveolar capillary sickling and haemoconcentration and any altered reactivity of haemoglobins S and C with the test gas are of no significance for clinical respiratory physiology. Sex differences in lung function appear independent of haemoglobin type. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Fatores Etários , Monóxido de Carbono , Hemoglobina C/análise , Doença da Hemoglobina C/fisiopatologia , Hemoglobina Falciforme/análise , Medidas de Volume Pulmonar , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Etnicidade , Pulmão/fisiologia , Aptidão Física , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Fluxo Expiratório Forçado , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Esforço Físico , Capacidade VitalRESUMO
The relationships of forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity of height, age, sex, area of residence, and ethnic composition were assessed in 622 children in Jamaica. Rural children in hill-farming communities were judged to have a higher habitual physical activity than urban children. Allowing for differences in body size, forced vital capacity averaged 3 percent greater in rural children than in urban children, 7 percent less in girls than in boys, and 16 percent greater in children of European origin than in children of African descent. Lung volumes, indices of gas transfer, and sub-maximal-exercise responses were measured in a subgroup of 108 children of African descent believed to be of common genetic stock. Total lung capacity and vital capacity averaged respectively 6 percent greater and 7 percent greater in rural than in urban children of equal height but residual volume and transfer factor did not differ significantly between localities. Rural children had a lower average cardiac and respiratory components of the oxygen transport system, consonant with the demand for muscular work. Increased habitual physical capacity, total lung capacity, and transfer factor (AU)