RESUMO

In ruminant diets, soluble sugar is an important factor in the digestive process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the source and dose of soluble sugars, under controlled pH conditions, on the in vitro digestibility of DM, fibre fractions (NDF and ADF) and cell wall neutral monosaccharides of corn silage. Silage was collected from several points in a silage mass from a bunker silo, oven-dried at 55°C and ground through a 1-mm screen. Sub-samples were combined with sugars to compose the treatments, in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, as a combination of five soluble sugar sources (glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose and sucrose) and five sugar doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg sugar in DM corn silage), respecting the following proportions of sugar : corn silage, 0 : 100, 10 : 90, 20 : 80, 30 : 70, 40 : 60 represented by the sugar doses, respectively. An in vitro test was performed to determine the true digestibility (D) of the chemical entities (DM, NDF and ADF) and cell wall monosaccharides (glucose = gluc, arabinose = arab and xylose = xyl). During the first 12 h of incubation, the pH was maintained above 6.0 by the addition of 2.5 N NaOH. The concentrations of neutral monosaccharides (arabinose, xylose and glucose) were determined by GLC. The soluble sugars decreased the digestibility of corn silage followed by pH reduction, especially at doses higher than 200 g/kg sugar. Overall, xylose, followed by sucrose, fructose and arabinose, had greater impacts on DM digestibility, whereas fibre digestibility was impaired by sucrose at all doses. Xylose and fructose had greater impacts on NDF digestibility at 300 and 400 g/kg sugar. Although xylose impaired the Dgluc in the cell wall in all doses. All doses of glucose improved the Dgluc and Dxyl in the cell wall.

RESUMO

It was aimed to analyze the productive performance of lactating cows on isoprotein fed diets, at differentiated environmental conditions. Eight Holstein cows were used, grouped in two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares design. The treatments were evaluated in 2 × 2 factorial designs: sources of roughage (corn silage – CS plus concentrate, and the combination of corn silage with sugarcane - CSSC, 1:1 on DM, plus concentrate) and distinct environment (with= WS and without= OS, fan and nebulizers system= Sfn). The estimation of dry matter intake (DMI), productive performance and physicochemical parameters of milk were evaluated. There was no interaction effect of environment factors and source of forage. There was signiÀ cant effects for the source forage factors, where the DMI for the CSSC based diet was higher than the CS based diet in the effect of forage (4.22 vs. 4.06% BW, and 22.3 vs. 21.7 kg/d, respectively, P≤0.05), but with similar milk production correcting 3.5% fat (23.01 vs. 22.62, CSSC and CS; 22.85 vs. 22.78 kg/day, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The feed efÀ ciency and conversion was similar in both factors (102.8 vs. 104.7% and 0.99 vs. 1.0, CSSC and CS; 102.5 vs. 104.9% and 1.0 vs. 0.99, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The beneÀ t-diet cost ratio was higher for CS-based diet than for CSSC (7.44 vs. 6.97, P≤0.05). There were effects only in the forage factor for CP milk (3.26 vs. 3.23%, P≤0.05), lactose (4.54 vs. 4.49%, P≤0.05) and urea nitrogen in milk (23.21 vs. 20.71 mg/dL, P≤0.05) and the superiority arising from the CSSC-based diet in comparison to the CS diet. There was higher for T and THI (28.1 vs. 23.6°C and 75.1 vs. 71.1, respectively, P≤0.05), and lower RH to 2:00 pm (47.7 vs. 64.5%, P≤0.05).

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo de vacas em lactação alimentadas com dietas isoproteicas, em condição diferenciada de ambiência. Foram utilizadas oito vacas da raça Holandesa, agrupadas em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4 balanceados. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 : fontes de forragens (silagem de milho – SM e concentrado, e combinação de cana-de-açúcar com silagem de milho – CSM, 1:1 na MS, e concentrado) e ambiente distintos (C= com e S= sem, sistema de ventilador e nebulizadores= vn). Avaliou-se a estimativa da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS), desempenho produtivo e parâmetros físico-químicos do leite. Não houve efeito de interação de fatores de ambiência e fonte de forragem. Houve efeitos signiÀ cativos para o fator fonte de forragem, onde o DMI para a dieta baseada em CSM foi maior do que a dieta baseada em SM (4,22 vs. 4,06% do PC, e 22,3 vs. 21,7 kg/dia, P≤0,05), mas com produção de leite corrigido para gordura semelhante (23,01 vs. 22.62, CSM e SM; 22,85 vs. 22.78 kg/dia, Cvn e Svn, respectivamente, P≥0,05). A conversão e eÀ ciência alimentar foram semelhantes para efeito de forragem e de ambiente (102,8 vs. 104,7% e 0,99 vs. 1.0, CSM e SM; 102,5 vs. 104,9% e 1.0 vs. 0,99, Cvn e Svn; respectivamente, P≥0.05). A relação benefício-custo da dieta foi maior para a dieta baseada em SM do que para CSM (7,44 vs. 6,97, P≤0,05)...

Assuntos

RESUMO

It was aimed to analyze the productive performance of lactating cows on isoprotein fed diets, at differentiated environmental conditions. Eight Holstein cows were used, grouped in two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares design. The treatments were evaluated in 2 × 2 factorial designs: sources of roughage (corn silage CS plus concentrate, and the combination of corn silage with sugarcane - CSSC, 1:1 on DM, plus concentrate) and distinct environment (with= WS and without= OS, fan and nebulizers system= Sfn). The estimation of dry matter intake (DMI), productive performance and physicochemical parameters of milk were evaluated. There was no interaction effect of environment factors and source of forage. There was signiÀ cant effects for the source forage factors, where the DMI for the CSSC based diet was higher than the CS based diet in the effect of forage (4.22 vs. 4.06% BW, and 22.3 vs. 21.7 kg/d, respectively, P≤0.05), but with similar milk production correcting 3.5% fat (23.01 vs. 22.62, CSSC and CS; 22.85 vs. 22.78 kg/day, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The feed efÀ ciency and conversion was similar in both factors (102.8 vs. 104.7% and 0.99 vs. 1.0, CSSC and CS; 102.5 vs. 104.9% and 1.0 vs. 0.99, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The beneÀ t-diet cost ratio was higher for CS-based diet than for CSSC (7.44 vs. 6.97, P≤0.05). There were effects only in the forage factor for CP milk (3.26 vs. 3.23%, P≤0.05), lactose (4.54 vs. 4.49%, P≤0.05) and urea nitrogen in milk (23.21 vs. 20.71 mg/dL, P≤0.05) and the superiority arising from the CSSC-based diet in comparison to the CS diet. There was higher for T and THI (28.1 vs. 23.6°C and 75.1 vs. 71.1, respectively, P≤0.05), and lower RH to 2:00 pm (47.7 vs. 64.5%, P≤0.05). (AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo de vacas em lactação alimentadas com dietas isoproteicas, em condição diferenciada de ambiência. Foram utilizadas oito vacas da raça Holandesa, agrupadas em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4 balanceados. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 : fontes de forragens (silagem de milho SM e concentrado, e combinação de cana-de-açúcar com silagem de milho CSM, 1:1 na MS, e concentrado) e ambiente distintos (C= com e S= sem, sistema de ventilador e nebulizadores= vn). Avaliou-se a estimativa da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS), desempenho produtivo e parâmetros físico-químicos do leite. Não houve efeito de interação de fatores de ambiência e fonte de forragem. Houve efeitos signiÀ cativos para o fator fonte de forragem, onde o DMI para a dieta baseada em CSM foi maior do que a dieta baseada em SM (4,22 vs. 4,06% do PC, e 22,3 vs. 21,7 kg/dia, P≤0,05), mas com produção de leite corrigido para gordura semelhante (23,01 vs. 22.62, CSM e SM; 22,85 vs. 22.78 kg/dia, Cvn e Svn, respectivamente, P≥0,05). A conversão e eÀ ciência alimentar foram semelhantes para efeito de forragem e de ambiente (102,8 vs. 104,7% e 0,99 vs. 1.0, CSM e SM; 102,5 vs. 104,9% e 1.0 vs. 0,99, Cvn e Svn; respectivamente, P≥0.05). A relação benefício-custo da dieta foi maior para a dieta baseada em SM do que para CSM (7,44 vs. 6,97, P≤0,05)...(AU)

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RESUMO

Selection criteria for lung donation were based on initial experiences with lung transplantation without further studies to improve them, thereby guaranteeing the best use of donated organs. A definition of an extended criteria donor is therefore required to obtain more lungs to meet the demands of patients awaiting transplantation. Studies have been reviewed for the impact on survival and morbidity of age ranges, oxygen fraction, cause of death, smoking habits, x-ray findings, infection, hepatitis serology and non-heart-beating status, seeking to support physicians to make decisions regarding the use of marginal organs.

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RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low levels of high-density cholesterol (HDL-C). In obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of >or=40 kg/m2 or 35-40 kg/m2 associated with CVRFs, weight loss may be achieved more effectively by bariatric surgery on reducing several CVRFs. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) is an indicator of early atherosclerosis, and may be correlated with CVRFs. Our objective was to correlate C-IMT with CVRFs before (baseline data) and after surgery, and to observe whether weight loss is followed by a regression of C-IMT. METHODS: Eighteen women who had undergone bariatric surgery participated in this study. Assessments were carried out on the baseline date, and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Some of the CVRFs analyzed were: total cholesterol (TC) levels, HDL-C, triglycerides to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose. C-IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: A positive correlation was found between C-IMT and age and triglyceride level (p=0.002 and p=0.02, respectively). Six months after surgery, we found a significant reduction in C-IMT (p<0.05), which was significantly correlated with TG level and systolic pressure (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The weight loss achieved with bariatric surgery resulted in regression of C-IMT. This regression could be observed 6 months following surgery, with an additional benefit at 12 months. Also, this finding was correlated with a reduction in triglyceride levels and systolic blood pressure.

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