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Anatomical and functional evidence suggests that the PFC is fairly unique among all cortical regions, as it not only receives input from, but also robustly projects back to mesopontine monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups. Thus, the PFC is in position to exert a powerful top-down control over several state-setting modulatory transmitter systems that are critically involved in the domains of arousal, motivation, reward/aversion, working memory, mood regulation, and stress processing. Regarding this scenario, the origin of cortical afferents to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), and median raphe nucleus (MnR) was here compared in rats, using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit b (CTb). CTb injections into VTA, LDTg, or MnR produced retrograde labeling in the cortical mantle, which was mostly confined to frontal polar, medial, orbital, and lateral PFC subdivisions, along with anterior- and mid-cingulate areas. Remarkably, in all of the three groups, retrograde labeling was densest in layer V pyramidal neurons of the infralimbic, prelimbic, medial/ventral orbital and frontal polar cortex. Moreover, a lambda-shaped region around the apex of the rostral pole of the nucleus accumbens stood out as heavily labeled, mainly after injections into the lateral VTA and LDTg. In general, retrograde PFC labeling was strongest following injections into MnR and weakest following injections into VTA. Altogether, our findings reveal a fairly similar set of prefrontal afferents to VTA, LDTg, and MnR, further supporting an eminent functional role of the PFC as a controller of major state-setting mesopontine modulatory transmitter systems.
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Núcleos da Rafe , Área Tegmentar Ventral , Animais , Núcleo Accumbens , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Ratos , RecompensaRESUMO
Sunscreens generate a potentially important source of environmental contamination across marine and aquatic systems. Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3; BP-3) is one of the most common organic filters in chemical sunscreen and has been detected in seawater at high concentrations. In this study, we asked whether BP-3 contamination affected the photosynthesis, respiration, and photophysiology of rhodoliths collected offshore from popular Gulf of Mexico beaches in North Florida. We found no evidence for negative effects of the common organic UV filter BP-3 on Gulf of Mexico rhodoliths. This result is promising for the fate of these important algae who act as habitat builders and foundational components of global reef ecosystems.
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Ecossistema , Protetores Solares , Poluição Ambiental , Golfo do México , Água do Mar , Protetores Solares/análiseAssuntos
Extração de Catarata , Catarata , Seleção Visual , Catarata/congênito , Catarata/diagnóstico , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a naturally occurring neoplasia affecting dogs worldwide. Previous CTVT studies in Grenada were limited to case records of dogs with neoplastic conditions at a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. OBJECTIVES: The present retrospective study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors of CTVT in a wider population of owned dogs presented to a university-affiliated veterinary hospital between 2008 and 2018. METHODS: Data on the age, breed, gender, and gonadectomy status were retrieved from an electronic database and analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 7180 dogs presented during the period, 102 dogs (1.4%) were diagnosed with CTVT. A higher predisposition was observed in Grenadian pothounds (odds ratio [OR] = 22.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.3-50.4; p < 0.001) and mixed-breed dogs (OR = 9.2, 95% CI 4.1-20.7; p < 0.001) in comparison to the purebreds. Neutered dogs (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.3; p < 0.001) were at an increased risk of CTVT than intact dogs. Age and gender were not identified as significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of dogs with CTVT in this study represents a crude estimate of the CTVT prevalence in the owned dog population in Grenada. Further studies including both owned and free-roaming dogs are required for a more accurate estimation of the CTVT prevalence in the region. Our results indicate that breed and gonadectomy status are significant risk factors for the occurrence of CTVT in Grenada.
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Doenças do Cão , Tumores Venéreos Veterinários , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Granada/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tumores Venéreos Veterinários/epidemiologiaRESUMO
iabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-contagious diseases. In 2017, The International Diabetes Federation reported that around 425 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide. Medications used for the treatment of diabetes lead to unwanted side effects, and thus, new safe drugs are necessary. Some natural plant-based products exhibit anti hyperglycemic activity and low toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity (using both in vitro and in vivo models) as well as cytotoxicity of the extracts obtained from various plants. Nine extracts from a total of eight plant species were subjected to in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Subsequently, they were assessed through the ex vivo everted sac assay, and finally, the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated. The extracts obtained from Ceanothus coeruleus, Chrysactinia mexicana and Zanthoxylum fagara inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the in vitro assays. Ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic extracts from Jatropha dioica, hydroalcoholic extract from Salvia ballotaeflora and Chrysactinia mexicana, as well as methanolic extract from Ricinus communis and Zanthoxylum fagara significantly reduced the glucose uptake in the ex vivo everted intestinal sac test. All the eight extracts showed antihyperglycemic effect through the in vivo model of the Glucose Tolerance Test, using starch as the carbohydrate source. The antihyperglycemic effect of the extracts could be mediated through the inhibition of digestive enzymes and/or the absorption of glucose through the intestine. However, the mechanism of action for the hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia texana and the methanolic extract of Turnera diffusa, which showed a strong in vivo antihyperglycemic effect, is unclear.
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Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Glucose/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacocinética , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose/métodos , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Metanol/química , México , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Ratos Wistar , Células VeroRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peanut smut is a disease caused by the fungus Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist to which most commercial cultivars in South America are highly susceptible. It is responsible for severely decreased yield and no effective chemical treatment is available to date. However, smut resistance has been identified in wild Arachis species and further transferred to peanut elite cultivars. To identify the genome regions conferring smut resistance within a tetraploid genetic background, this study evaluated a RIL population {susceptible Arachis hypogaea subsp. hypogaea (JS17304-7-B) × resistant synthetic amphidiploid (JS1806) [A. correntina (K 11905) × A. cardenasii (KSSc 36015)] × A. batizocoi (K 9484)4×} segregating for the trait. RESULTS: A SNP based genetic map arranged into 21 linkage groups belonging to the 20 peanut chromosomes was constructed with 1819 markers, spanning a genetic distance of 2531.81 cM. Two consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified qSmIA08 and qSmIA02/B02, located on chromosome A08 and A02/B02, respectively. The QTL qSmIA08 at 15.20 cM/5.03 Mbp explained 17.53% of the phenotypic variance, while qSmIA02/B02 at 4.0 cM/3.56 Mbp explained 9.06% of the phenotypic variance. The combined genotypic effects of both QTLs reduced smut incidence by 57% and were stable over the 3 years of evaluation. The genome regions containing the QTLs are rich in genes encoding proteins involved in plant defense, providing new insights into the genetic architecture of peanut smut resistance. CONCLUSIONS: A major QTL and a minor QTL identified in this study provide new insights into the genetic architecture of peanut smut resistance that may aid in breeding new varieties resistant to peanut smut.
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Arachis/genética , Arachis/microbiologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Resistência à Doença/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Endogamia , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Recombinação Genética/genéticaRESUMO
RESUMEN La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la más común de las demencias; es un problema de salud pública en el mundo, pero en Colombia no hace parte de las prioridades del Estado. El presente ensayo aborda cómo el sistema de salud colombiano reconoce, identifica y provee servicios a los pacientes con EA, desde una óptica de la justicia social. En primera medida, se evalúa la información generada por la academia, su correlato con la normativa vigente y su articulación. Se explora la lógica utilitarista del sistema de salud colombiano y el incentivo a la maximización de ganancias de los aseguradores y cómo esto ha llevado a los pacientes a exigir la restitución de derechos a través de la acción de tutela. Se explora el sistema de codificación y diagnóstico usado para la generación de información y cómo esta es imprecisa en los canales de información consolidada. Por otra parte, se valora cómo el rol de la familia se hace parte fundamental del proceso y termina siendo víctima. Finalmente, se plantean reflexiones sobre cómo pueden abordarse las dificultades identificadas desde la perspectiva de la justicia social.
ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest of dementias; Although, it is a public health problem in the world, but in Colombia it is not a policy priority. The present essay addresses how the Colombian health system recognizes, identifies and provides services to patients with AD, using the Social Justice perspective. First, the knowledge generated by the academy and its correlation with current regula-tions are evaluated. Then, the utilitarian logic of the Colombian health system is explo-red, with an incentive to maximize insurers revenue that has led to patients demanding the restitution of rights through the "acción de tutela". Also, the diagnostic and coding system, used for the generation of information, is explored, addressing its imprecisions the information channels. On the other hand, it is valued how the role of the family becomes a fundamental part of the process, and how it ends up being a victim of it. Finally, reflections on how the identified difficulties can be addressed from a Social Justice perspective are provided.
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The habenula (Hb) is a phylogenetically old epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, the medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of search for a great unifying function, interest in the Hb resurged when it was demonstrated that LHb plays a major role in the encoding of aversive stimuli ranging from noxious stimuli to the loss of predicted rewards. Consistent with a role as an anti-reward center, aberrant LHb activity has now been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Moreover, both MHb and LHb emerged as new players in the reward circuitry by primarily mediating the aversive properties of distinct drugs of abuse. Anatomically, the Hb serves as a bridge that links basal forebrain structures with monoaminergic nuclei in the mid- and hindbrain. So far, research on Hb has focused on the role of the LHb in regulating midbrain dopamine release. However, LHb/MHb are also interconnected with the dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nucleus. Hence, it is conceivable that some of the habenular functions are at least partly mediated by the complex network that links MHb/LHb with pontomesencephalic monoaminergic nuclei. Here, we summarize research about the topography and transmitter phenotype of the reciprocal connections between the LHb and ventral tegmental area-nigra complex, as well as those between the LHb and DR/MnR. Indirect MHb outputs via interpeduncular nucleus to state-setting neuromodulatory networks will also be commented. Finally, we discuss the role of specific LHb-VTA and LHb/MHb-raphe circuits in anxiety and depression.
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Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Habenula , Animais , Dopamina , Núcleos da Rafe , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Health insurance design can influence the extent to which clinical care is well-coordinated. Through alternative payment models, Medicare Advantage (MA) and Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) have the potential to improve integration relative to traditional fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare. OBJECTIVE: To characterize patient experiences of integrated care within Medicare and identify whether MA or ACO beneficiaries perceive greater integration than FFS beneficiaries. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. SUBJECTS: Nationally representative sample of 11,978 Medicare beneficiaries. MEASURES: Main outcomes included 8 previously derived domains of patient-perceived integrated care (PPIC), measured on a scale of 1-4. RESULTS: The final sample was 55% female with a mean (SD) age of 71.1 (11.3). In unadjusted analyses, we observed considerable variation across PPIC domains in the full sample, but little variation across subsamples defined by coverage type within a given PPIC domain. In linear models adjusting for a rich set of patient characteristics, we observe no significant benefits of ACOs nor MA relative to FFS, a finding which is robust to alternative specifications and adjustment for multiple comparisons. We similarly observed no benefits in subgroup analyses restricted to states with relatively high market penetration of ACOs or MA. CONCLUSIONS: Despite characteristics of ACOs and MA that theoretically promote integrated care, we find that PPIC is largely similar across coverage types in Medicare.
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Organizações de Assistência Responsáveis/economia , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/economia , Medicare/economia , Assistência ao Paciente/economia , Organizações de Assistência Responsáveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Assistência ao Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Translational Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) studies performed by our group and clinical BNCT studies worldwide have shown the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT for head and neck cancer. The present BNCT studies in veterinary patients with head and neck cancer were performed to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT, contribute towards exploring the role of BNCT in veterinary medicine, put in place technical aspects for an upcoming clinical trial of BNCT for head and neck cancer at the RA-6 Nuclear Reactor, and assess the feasibility of employing the existing B2 beam to treat large, deep-seated tumors. Five dogs with head and neck cancer with no other therapeutic option were treated with two applications of BNCT mediated by boronophenyl-alanine (BPA) separated by 3-5 weeks. Two to three portals per BNCT application were used to achieve a potentially therapeutic dose over the tumor without exceeding normal tissue tolerance. Clinical and Computed Tomography results evidenced partial tumor control in all cases, with slight-moderate mucositis, excellent life quality, and prolongation in the survival time estimated at recruitment. These exploratory studies show the potential value of BNCT in veterinary medicine and contribute towards initiating a clinical BNCT trial for head and neck cancer at the RA-6 clinical facility.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on illness severity in children using a database of emergency department ED encounters for children with suspected sepsis, in view of similar associations in adults. STUDY DESIGN: Laboratory and clinical data were extracted from a registry of emergency department encounters of children with suspected sepsis between April 1, 2012, and June 26, 2017. International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis DIC scores were calculated from laboratory values obtained within 24 hours of emergency department admission. Univariate logistic regression, multivariable logistic regression, and Cox regression were used to assess the influence of DIC scores on vasopressor use (primary outcome), mortality, ventilator requirement, pediatric intensive care unit admission, and hospital duration (secondary outcomes). The optimal DIC score cutoff for outcome prediction was determined. RESULTS: Of 1653 eligible patients, 284 had DIC scores within 24 hours, including 92 who required vasopressors and 23 who died within 1 year. An initial DIC score of ≥3 was the most sensitive and specific DIC score for predicting adverse outcomes. Those with a DIC score of ≥3 vs <3 had increased odds of vasopressor use in both univariate (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 2.63-7.62; P < .001) and multivariable (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.82-7.85; P < .001) analyses. Additionally, those with a DIC score of ≥3 vs <3 had increased 1-year mortality with a hazard ratio of 3.55 (95% CI, 1.46-8.64; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: A DIC score of ≥3 was an independent predictor for both vasopressor use and mortality in this pediatric cohort, distinct from the adult overt DIC score cutoff of ≥5.
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Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/diagnóstico , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/mortalidade , Sepse/diagnóstico , Sepse/mortalidade , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/tratamento farmacológico , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Masculino , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Curva ROC , Sistema de Registros , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Sepse/complicações , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Effective management of threatened species requires accurate population size estimation and monitoring. However, reliable population size estimates are lacking for many endangered species. The critically endangered blond titi monkey (Callicebus barbarabrownae) is an endemic primate of the Caatinga biome in Northeastern Brazil. A previous assessment based on presence-only data estimated a minimum population size of 260 mature individuals in 2,636 km2 , and studies based on visual records suggested very low local relative abundance. However, this cryptic species is known to be difficult to visually detect. We played back recordings of C. barbarabrownae loud calls to count the number of responding groups in 34 sampling sites during 9 consecutive days in a 221-km2 study area. Repeated group counts at sites were used in N-mixture models, which account for imperfect detection, to estimate the number of groups in relation to dry forest area and distance to villages. We estimated a total of 91 groups in the study area. Considering the mean number of adults per group as three, we estimated a population of 273 adult individuals, resulting in a density of 2.3 individuals/km2 in the dry forest habitat. Detection probability was four times higher for surveys conducted between sunrise to midmorning than between midmorning to sunset. We also found that C. barbarabrownae abundance increases with increasing dry forest area and increasing distance to the nearest village, indicating the need to promote dry forest restoration in the Caatinga. As our results suggest a larger population of C. barbarabrownae than had been previously estimated for its entire distribution, our results suggest a need for similar assessments in other areas to reliably estimate the total population size. This study demonstrates how playback surveys coupled with N-mixture models can be used to estimate population sizes of acoustically-responsive primates, and thus contribute to more effective conservation management.
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Pitheciidae , Vocalização Animal , Animais , Brasil , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Florestas , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate a model of risk of septic shock among children with suspected sepsis, using data known in the electronic health record at hospital arrival. STUDY DESIGN: This observational cohort study at 6 pediatric emergency department and urgent care sites used a training dataset (5 sites, April 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016), a temporal test set (5 sites, January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018), and a geographic test set (a sixth site, April 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018). Patients 60 days to 18 years of age in whom clinicians suspected sepsis were included; patients with septic shock on arrival were excluded. The outcome, septic shock, was systolic hypotension with vasoactive medication or ≥30 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid within 24 hours of arrival. Elastic net regularization, a penalized regression technique, was used to develop a model in the training set. RESULTS: Of 2464 included visits, septic shock occurred in 282 (11.4%). The model had an area under the curve of 0.79 (0.76-0.83) in the training set, 0.75 (0.69-0.81) in the temporal test set, and 0.87 (0.73-1.00) in the geographic test set. With a threshold set to 90% sensitivity in the training set, the model yielded 82% (72%-90%) sensitivity and 48% (44%-52%) specificity in the temporal test set, and 90% (55%-100%) sensitivity and 32% (21%-46%) specificity in the geographic test set. CONCLUSIONS: This model estimated the risk of septic shock in children at hospital arrival earlier than existing models. It leveraged the predictive value of routine electronic health record data through a modern predictive algorithm and has the potential to enhance clinical risk stratification in the critical moments before deterioration.
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Algoritmos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colorado/epidemiologia , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association of county-level food access, recreational opportunities, and natural amenities with participant engagement in a weight management program. METHODS: In this cohort study, participants in the Veterans Health Administration MOVE! weight management program between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2013, were observed for 12 months after enrollment. Engagement was measured as the number of program visits per year at 12 months. Cross-sectional analysis and spatial regression were used to examine county characteristics associated with greater participant engagement at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 321,624 participants in 2,708 counties were included. Greater engagement was associated with older age, female sex, white race, being married, and being retired. After accounting for similarities between nearby communities, engagement at 12 months was 3.1 visits higher for each additional farmers' market per 1,000 population (P = 0.01). Engagement was highest for participants living in counties with the most natural amenities (P < 0.001). Recreational opportunities had only a small effect on engagement in the program (ß = 0.02 visits at 12 months; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of a participant's county characteristics in addition to other known demographics and program factors may help to explain variation in engagement in weight management programs.
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Planejamento Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Parques Recreativos/provisão & distribuição , Recreação/fisiologia , Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas de Redução de Peso , Adulto , Idoso , Alaska/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frutas/provisão & distribuição , Havaí/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parques Recreativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Filipinas/epidemiologia , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Verduras/provisão & distribuição , Programas de Redução de Peso/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone in young patients. The survival of these patients has largely been improved due to adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to surgery. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is proposed as a complementary therapy, due to its ability to inactivate tumour cells that may survive the standard treatment and that may be responsible for recurrences and/or metastases. BNCT is based on neutron irradiation of a tumour enriched in 10B with a boron-loaded drug. Low-energy neutron capture in 10B creates charged particles that impart a high dose to tumour cells, which can be calculated only knowing the boron concentration. Charged particle spectrometry is a method that can be used to quantify boron concentration. This method requires acquisition of the energy spectra of charged particles such as alpha particles produced by neutron capture reactions in thin tissue sections irradiated with low-energy neutrons. Boron concentration is then determined knowing the stopping power of the alpha particles in the sample material. This paper describes the adaptation of this method for bone, with emphasis on sample preparation, experimental set-up and stopping power assessment of the involved alpha particles. The knowledge of boron concentration in healthy bones is important, because it allows for any dose limitation that might be necessary to avoid adverse effects such as bone fragility. The measurement process was studied through Monte Carlo simulations and analytical calculations. Finally, the boron content of bone samples was measured by alpha spectrometry at the TRIGA reactor in Pavia, Italy, and compared to that obtained by neutron autoradiography. The agreement between the results obtained with these techniques confirms the suitability of alpha spectrometry to measure boron in bone.
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Boro/análise , Fêmur/química , Adulto , Partículas alfa , Animais , Humanos , Método de Monte Carlo , OvinosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Skin cancer incidence has increased over the last years, becoming a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE: To describe the awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Pimentel beach, Peru. The "Beach Questionnaire" was used and we surveyed all the beachgoers from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and from March 5 to March 19. For the statistical analysis, sun exposure habits, sunburns history, knowledge, attitudes and practices were crossed with sex using the chi2 test. RESULTS: We surveyed 410 beachgoers, the most frequent phototype was type III (40.5%). Only the 13.66% of the respondents correctly answered the seven knowledge questions related to sun exposure and skin cancer. Men more frequently agreed that "when they are tanned their clothes looks nicer" (p = 0.048). Likewise, regarding the questions "Sunbathing is relaxing" and "Sunbathing improves my mood", men agreed or totally agreed with more frequency than women (63.64% vs. 46.15%, p < 0.001; and 61.36% vs 49.15%, p = 0.014, respectively). Regarding sun protection practices, women more frequently used sunshade (p = 0.001) and sunscreen (SPF ≥ 15) (p < 0.001) when compared to the male group. CONCLUSION: Sun exposure is a potentially preventable risk factor for skin cancer. Thus, awareness of the risks of UVR overexposure and adequate sun-protective behaviors and attitudes are essential. Our results, however, are not as favorable as expected. Public health efforts should encourage sun-safety precautions and intervention campaigns should be carried out in recreational settings, such as the beaches.
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PURPOSE: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combines selective accumulation of 10B carriers in tumor tissue with subsequent neutron irradiation. BNCT has been proposed for the treatment of multiple, non-resectable, diffuse tumors in lung. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of BNCT in an experimental model of lung metastases of colon carcinoma in BDIX rats and perform complementary survival studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated tumor control and toxicity in lung 2 weeks post-BNCT at 2 dose levels, including 5 experimental groups per dose level: T0 (euthanized pre-treatment), Boronophenylalanine-BNCT (BPA-BNCT), BPA + Sodium decahydrodecaborate-BNCT ((BPA + GB-10)-BNCT), Beam only (BO) and Sham (no treatment, same manipulation). Tumor response was assessed employing macroscopic and microscopic end-points. An additional experiment was performed to evaluate survival and oxygen saturation in blood. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No dose-limiting signs of short/medium-term toxicity were observed in lung. All end-points revealed statistically significant BNCT-induced tumor control vs Sham at both dose levels. The survival experiment showed a statistically significant 45% increase in post-treatment survival time in the BNCT group (48 days) versus Sham (33 days). These data consistently revealed growth suppression of lung metastases by BNCT with no manifest lung toxicity. Highlights Boron Neutron Capture Therapy suppresses growth of experimental lung metastases No BNCT-induced short/medium-term toxicity in lung is associated with tumor control Boron Neutron Capture Therapy increased post-treatment survival time by 45.
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Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica , Animais , Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro/efeitos adversos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo/secundário , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Radiometria , Ratos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Regulation of the growth and maturation of the ovarian follicle is critical for normal reproductive function. Alterations in this growth can lead to pathological conditions, such as cystic follicles, reduced oocyte quality, or an abnormal endocrine environment leading to poor fertility. Alterations in follicular growth also influence the number of follicles ovulating and thus can change litter size. Both endocrine factors, such a sfollicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, as well as local factors, are known to regulate follicular growth and development. This review will focus on the role of local factors in regulation of ovarian follicular growth in ruminants, with a focus on members of the transforming growth factor superfamily. The potential role of these factors in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis and responsiveness to gonadotrophins will be considered.(AU)