RESUMO
The neural basis of selective attention within hierarchically organized Navon figures has been extensively studied with event related potentials (ERPs), by contrasting responses obtained when attending the global and the local echelons. The findings are inherently ambiguous because both levels are always presented together. Thus, only a mixture of the brain responses to two levels can be observed. Here, we use a method that allows unveiling of global and local letters at distinct times, enabling estimation of separate ERPs related to each level. Two interspersed oddball streams were presented, each using letters from one level and comprised of frequent distracters and rare targets. Previous work and our Experiment 1 show that it is difficult to divide attention between two such streams of stimuli. ERP recording in Experiment 2 evinced an early selection negativity (SN, with latencies to the 50% area of about 266 ms for global distracters and 276 ms for local distracters) that was larger for attended relative to unattended distracters. The SN was larger over right posterior occipito-temporal derivations for global stimuli and over left posterior occipito-temporal derivations for local stimuli (although the latter was less strongly lateralized). A discrimination negativity (DN, accompanied by a P3b) was larger for attended targets relative to attended distracters, with latencies to the 50% area of about 316 ms for global stimuli and 301 ms for local stimuli, which presented a similar distribution for both levels over left temporo-parietal electrodes. The two negativities apparently index successive stages in the processing of a selected level within a compound figure. By resolving the ambiguity of traditional designs, our method allowed us to observe the effects of attention for each hierarchical level on its own.
RESUMO
Se realizó la caracterización molecular entre 16 ecotipos de cocoteros pertenecientes a una población del municipio de Baracoa, provincia Guantánamo, empleando la técnica Inverse Sequence Tagged Repeat (ISTR). El análisis molecular ISTR detectó un polimorfismo del 81,8 por ciento, demostrando la potencialidad de este marcadorpara realizar estudios de diversidad molecular en el cocotero. El porcentaje de identificación fue alto (Pi=91,2 por ciento), lo cual sugiere que las combinaciones de oligonucleótidos empleadas pudieran ser utilizada para estudios de identificación de ecotipos en poblaciones de cocotero de la zona de Baracoa mientras, que la heterocigocidad esperada fue baja (He=0,30). La evaluación de la diversidad en los diferentes ecotipos de cocoteros mediante marcadores ISTR mostró que se cuenta con un nivel de variabilidad, atendiendo a los grupos formados, lo que se corresponde con la gran variación morfológica observada en la poblaciónin situ. Además, estos resultados sugieren que la hibridación natural ha sido un factor determinante en la generación de la variabilidad encontrada entre los ecotipos, característica de las variedades de cocotero.