RESUMO

The management of the thermal environment to which dogs are exposed should be included in strategies to improve their welfare. An online questionnaire was administered to 624 owners of Siberian Husky dogs residing in Brazil, with the objective of assessing their perceptions regarding their dogs' capacity to adapt to heat, and its association with the owners' routine care. Owners who believed that dogs are low-heat-tolerant animals were more likely to report heat response behaviors from their dogs. Overall, owners reported walk with their dogs during early morning, late afternoon and nighttime. They also reported solar radiation as the primary criteria for determining the time to walk with their dogs. However, owners who reported walking with their dogs at noon mentioned time availability as their primary criteria. In conclusion, owners perceive Siberian Husky dogs living in Brazil as being poorly adapted to heat, and this perception appeared to influence their positive attitudes towards protecting their dogs from heat stress by choosing to walk them during times with less solar exposure. However, the lack of time for owners to walk with their dogs during cooler periods can still be a risk factor in exposing the animals to extreme hot conditions.

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the season on the sexual behavior patterns adopted by Morada Nova sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. A total of 55 and 59 female sheep were used in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, attended by four males of the same breed in rotation. The females identified in oestrus were released in a pasture, together with the breeder of the day for each season, and aspects of sexual behavior were measured for an uninterrupted period of 11 hours/day. Assuming a negative binomial distribution, the behavioral frequencies were subjected to deviation analysis and compared using the chi-square. Heading in the male was observed more frequently during the rainy season (0.12) and shifts with higher temperatures; the turn of the head in relation to the man was observed more frequently during the dry season (2.49). The interactions between seasons and shifts significantly affected the following behaviors: sniffing the male, sniffing the male's urogenital region, wagging the tail, lifting the tail, and urinating. Behavioral variables were influenced by the season. Morada Nova sheep reduce their water intake and grazing time to engage more efficiently in reproductive activities, thus demonstrating an ability to adapt to the Caatinga.

Assuntos

RESUMO

he objective was to evaluate the effect of the season on the sexual behavior patterns adopted by Morada Nova sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. A total of 55 and 59 female sheep were used in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, attended by four males of the same breed in rotation. The females identified in oestrus were released in a pasture, together with the breeder of the day for each season, and aspects of sexual behavior were measured for an uninterrupted period of 11 hours/day. Assuming a negative binomial distribution, the behavioral frequencies were subjected to deviation analysis and compared using the chi-square. Heading in the male was observed more frequently during the rainy season (0.12) and shifts with higher temperatures; the turn of the head in relation to the man was observed more frequently during the dry season (2.49). The interactions between seasons and shifts significantly affected the following behaviors: sniffing the male, sniffing the male's urogenital region, wagging the tail, lifting the tail, and urinating. Behavioral variables were influenced by the season. Morada Nova sheep reduce their water intake and grazing time to engage more efficiently in reproductive activities, thus demonstrating an ability to adapt to the Caatinga.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The welfare of dairy cows is a major global concern, due to its impact on cow health and productivity, as well as public health. The aim of this study was to identify the main problems related to welfare in dairy herds managed on pasture in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. For this investigation, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 dairy farms in the municipalities of Areia, Alagoa Grande, Serraria, and Pilões, Paraíba, Brazil. Each farm was visited only once, recording the number of cows in the herd, type and number of milkings per day, daily milk yield, and access time to the pasture. Body conditionscore, cleanliness score, bodily injuries, and qualitative behavioral assessment (QBA) were measured. A total of 335 dairy cows were evaluated; herds ranged from 14 to 43 lactating cows, with an average milk yield of 8.4 ± 3.25 kg day-¹. Of the 335 cows observed, 26% had a low body condition score, 82% had bodily injuries, and 20% had dirt on their legs. For the QBA, a principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC1 had a high correlation mainly with positive body expressions (e.g., sociable, active, and happy), and PC2 was associated with negative terms of body expression (e.g., apathetic, frustrated, and fearful). In conclusion, evaluating indicators of cows' body condition, bodily injury, and cleanliness highlighted the importance of promoting improvements in pasture, management, and housing conditions to enable better performance, health, and welfare of the animals.(AU)

O bem-estar de vacas leiteiras é uma preocupação global, devido ao seu impacto na saúde e produtividade das vacas, bem como na saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais problemas relacionados ao bem-estar em rebanhos leiteiros manejados a pasto no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Para esta investigação, foi realizado um estudo transversal em 12 fazendas leiteiras nos municípios de Areia, Alagoa Grande, Serraria e Pilões, Paraíba, Brasil. Cada fazenda foi visitada apenas uma vez, registrando se o número de vacas do rebanho, tipo e número de ordenhas por dia, produção diária de leite e tempo de acesso à pastagem. Escore de condição corporal, escore de limpeza, injúrias corporais e avaliação qualitativa do comportamento (AQC) foram medidos. Um total de 335 vacas leiteiras foram avaliadas; os rebanhos variaram de 14 a 43 vacas em lactação, com produção média de leite de 8,4 ± 3,25 kg dia-1.Das 335 vacas observadas, 26% apresentaram baixo escore de condição corporal, 82% sofreram injúrias corporais e 20% apresentaram sujeira nas pernas. Para o AQC, uma análise de componentes principais(ACP) indicou que o CP1 teve alta correlação com expressões corporais positivas (por exemplo, sociável, ativo e contente), e CP2 foi associado a termos negativos de expressão corporal (por exemplo, apático, frustrado e com medo). Em conclusão, a avaliação de indicadores da condição corporal das vacas, injúrias corporais e limpeza destacou a importância de promover melhorias nas pastagens, manejo e condições de alojamento para permitir melhor desempenho, saúde e bem-estar dos animais.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The welfare of dairy cows is a major global concern, due to its impact on cow health and productivity, as well as public health. The aim of this study was to identify the main problems related to welfare in dairy herds managed on pasture in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. For this investigation, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 dairy farms in the municipalities of Areia, Alagoa Grande, Serraria, and Pilões, Paraíba, Brazil. Each farm was visited only once, recording the number of cows in the herd, type and number of milkings per day, daily milk yield, and access time to the pasture. Body conditionscore, cleanliness score, bodily injuries, and qualitative behavioral assessment (QBA) were measured. A total of 335 dairy cows were evaluated; herds ranged from 14 to 43 lactating cows, with an average milk yield of 8.4 ± 3.25 kg day-¹. Of the 335 cows observed, 26% had a low body condition score, 82% had bodily injuries, and 20% had dirt on their legs. For the QBA, a principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC1 had a high correlation mainly with positive body expressions (e.g., sociable, active, and happy), and PC2 was associated with negative terms of body expression (e.g., apathetic, frustrated, and fearful). In conclusion, evaluating indicators of cows' body condition, bodily injury, and cleanliness highlighted the importance of promoting improvements in pasture, management, and housing conditions to enable better performance, health, and welfare of the animals.

O bem-estar de vacas leiteiras é uma preocupação global, devido ao seu impacto na saúde e produtividade das vacas, bem como na saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais problemas relacionados ao bem-estar em rebanhos leiteiros manejados a pasto no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Para esta investigação, foi realizado um estudo transversal em 12 fazendas leiteiras nos municípios de Areia, Alagoa Grande, Serraria e Pilões, Paraíba, Brasil. Cada fazenda foi visitada apenas uma vez, registrando se o número de vacas do rebanho, tipo e número de ordenhas por dia, produção diária de leite e tempo de acesso à pastagem. Escore de condição corporal, escore de limpeza, injúrias corporais e avaliação qualitativa do comportamento (AQC) foram medidos. Um total de 335 vacas leiteiras foram avaliadas; os rebanhos variaram de 14 a 43 vacas em lactação, com produção média de leite de 8,4 ± 3,25 kg dia-1.Das 335 vacas observadas, 26% apresentaram baixo escore de condição corporal, 82% sofreram injúrias corporais e 20% apresentaram sujeira nas pernas. Para o AQC, uma análise de componentes principais(ACP) indicou que o CP1 teve alta correlação com expressões corporais positivas (por exemplo, sociável, ativo e contente), e CP2 foi associado a termos negativos de expressão corporal (por exemplo, apático, frustrado e com medo). Em conclusão, a avaliação de indicadores da condição corporal das vacas, injúrias corporais e limpeza destacou a importância de promover melhorias nas pastagens, manejo e condições de alojamento para permitir melhor desempenho, saúde e bem-estar dos animais.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was designed to assess the effects of feeding space availability on social behavior and performance of housed crossbreed sheep through the use of three different types of feeders. Thirty-six crossbreed ewes (Santa Inês × Dorper; 2-3 years old) with initial body weight of 34.99±4.28 kg were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 (feeder type × available space at the feeder) factorial arrangement among nine pens. Pens had one of three feeder types (concrete bunk, plastic, or wood barrel) and one of three amounts of available space in the feeder (0.33, 0.25, or 0.20 m animal−1). Total dry matter intake/pen, dry matter intake per animal, total weight gain/pen, daily weight gain/animal, and food waste were evaluated. Percentage of time spent at feeding and frequency of aggressive behaviors/12 h were recorded. We observed a higher total daily weight gain in ewes with a feeding space of 0.33 and 0.25 m animal−1. The wastes were essentially insignificant for wood feeders in all feeding space treatments. The average number of aggressive behaviors was lower (P<0.05) for animals kept in pens with feeding space of 0.33 m animal−1 than for those maintained in pens with feeding space of 0.20 and 0.25 m animal−1. Ewes with feeding space of 0.33 m animal−1 fed simultaneously 54% of the time, while among pens with feeding spaces of 0.25 or 0.20 m animal−1, this period was reduced to 41 and 30%, respectively. An available feeding space of 0.33 m animal−1 is recommended for adult housed ewes, once it favors simultaneous access, lower competitive interactions at the feeder, and less variation in terms of individual weight gain among ewes.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to estimate the heat transfer through cutaneous and respiratory evaporation of dairy cows raised in tropical ambient conditions using simple environmental and physiological measures. Twenty-six lactating crossbred cows (7/8 Holstein-Gir) were used, 8 predominantly white and 18 predominantly black. The environmental variables air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature, and wind speed were measured. Respiratory rate and coat surface temperature were measured at 0700, 0900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 h. The environmental and physiological data were used to estimate heat loss by respiratory (ER) and cutaneous evaporation (EC). Results showed that there was variation (P < 0.01) for respiratory rate depending on the times of the day. The highest values were recorded at 1100, 1300, and 1500 h, corresponding to 66.85 ± 10.20, 66.98 ± 7.80, and 65.65 ± 6.50 breaths/min, respectively. Thus, the amount of heat transferred via respiration ranged from 19.21 to 29.42 W/m2. There was a variation from 31.6 to 38.8 °C for coat surface temperature; these values reflected a range of 55.52 to 566.83 W/m2 for heat transfer via cutaneous evaporation. However, throughout the day, the dissipation of thermal energy through the coat surface accounted for 87.9 % total loss of latent heat, and the remainder (12.1 %) was via the respiratory tract. In conclusion, the predictive models based on respiratory rate and coat surface temperature may be used to estimate the latent heat loss in dairy cows kept confined in tropical ambient conditions.

Assuntos