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Numerous studies evaluate chemical contaminants released by human activities and their effects on biota and aquatic ecosystems. However, few of these studies address non-toxic agents and their potentially harmful effects, which, in a concealed manner, culminate in an increased ecotoxicological risk for aquatic life and public health. This study investigated the presence of toxic and non-toxic pollutants in one of the main watersheds in Northeast Brazil (Rio São Francisco) and proposed a model of dispersion and transfer of resistance among the analyzed bacteria, also assessing the health risks of individuals and aquatic organisms present there. The results are worrying because although most toxic parameters, including physical-chemical and chromatographic aspects, comply with Brazilian environmental standards, non-toxic (microbiological) parameters do not. This research reveals the circulation of pathogens in several points of this hydrographic basin, highlighting the hidden ecotoxicological potential of an aquatic environment considered unaffected by the usual patterns of toxic parameters.

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This research aimed to determine whether triceps surae delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) affects stability while performing different postural control tasks requiring upright and landing stabilization. Twenty-four participants who self-reported as healthy were recruited. Pre and 48 h after a protocol to induce DOMS in the triceps surae, participants were evaluated for DOMS perception, pressure pain threshold, and postural control (assessed by the center of pressure, CoP) during different standing and landing stabilization tasks. We found higher DOMS perception and lower pressure pain threshold 48 h after the exercise. Mediolateral CoP displacement was more sensitive to DOMS across different postural tasks, but no effects were found for bilateral standing. The landing time to stabilization elicited high individual variability in the presence of DOMS. Effects of DOMS in the performance of less challenging tasks, such as bipedal standing, were not found. We conclude that DOMS in the triceps surae impairs mediolateral postural control during challenging tasks such as unilateral standing and body forward lean. It highlights the need for caution and individualized approaches when incorporating movements requiring frontal plane control in training and rehabilitation sessions under the presence of DOMS.

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BACKGROUND: In 2010, Brazil introduced the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in the national infant immunization program. Limited data on the long-term impact of PCV10 are available from lower-middle-income settings. We examined invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Salvador, Bahia, over 11 years. METHODS: Prospective laboratory-based surveillance for IPD was carried out in 9 hospitals in the metropolitan region of Salvador from 2008 to 2018. IPD was defined as Streptococcus pneumoniae cultured from a normally sterile site. Serotype was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and/or Quellung reaction. Incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated for overall, vaccine-type, and non-vaccine-type IPD using census data as the denominator. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare rates during the early (2010-2012), intermediate (2013-2015), and late (2016-2018) post-PCV10 periods in comparison to the pre-PCV10 period (2008-2009). RESULTS: Pre-PCV10, overall IPD incidence among all ages was 2.48/100,000. After PCV10 introduction, incidence initially increased (early post-PCV10 IRR 3.80, 95% CI 1.18-1.99) and then declined to 0.38/100,000 late post-PCV10 (IRR 0.15; 95% CI 0.09-0.26). The greatest reductions in the late post-PCV10 period were observed in children aged ≤2 years, with no cases (IRR not calculated) and those ≥60 years (IRR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.48). Late post-PCV10, significant reductions were observed for both PCV10 serotypes (IRR 0.02; 95% CI 0.0-0.15) and non-PCV10 serotypes (IRR 0.27; 95%CI 0.14-0.53). Non-PCV10 serotypes 15B, 12F, 3, 17F, and 19A became predominant late post-PCV10 without a significant increase in serotype-specific IPD incidence compared to pre-PCV10. CONCLUSION: Significant declines in IPD, including among adults not eligible for vaccination, suggest direct and indirect protection up to nine years after PCV10 introduction, without evidence of significant replacement disease. Continued surveillance is needed to monitor changes in non-vaccine serotypes and inform decisions about introducing higher valent PCVs.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of rosuvastatin treatment on anxiety-related behavior and short- and long-term memory impairment in mice infected with acute RH and BRI strains of Toxoplasma gondii. Balb/C mice were infected intraperitoneally and after 2 h, oral treatment with rosuvastatin (40 mg/kg/day) was initiated for 4 days. Behaviors related to anxiety and locomotion were evaluated in the open field (OF), and short- and long-term memory through the novel object recognition test (NOR). At the end of the experiments, peritoneal fluid, brain, liver, and lung were collected for T. gondii DNA quantification and histopathological analysis. Infection with BRI strain reduced the dwell time and central locomotion in the OF (p < 0.05), indicating anxiogenic type behavior, while treatment with rosuvastatin reversed this response (p < 0.05). RH strain infection did not alter any behavior in the OF (p > 0.05) and both strains impaired short- and long-term memory (NOR test), but with no significant treatment effect (p > 0.05). The BRI strain was shown to be more damaging in relation to anxiogenic type behavior when compared to the RH strain (p < 0.05), whereas rosuvastatin reduced this damaging effect in BRI. The treatment reduced the parasite load in the peritoneal lavage, liver, and lung of animals infected with both acute strains; however, it significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the inflammatory process only in BRI-infected and treated animals, showing that non-archetypal genotypes are more damaging in rodents. This suggests that rosuvastatin may be a drug with great therapeutic potential against T. gondii mainly to reduce damage from virulent strains.

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AIMS: Evaluate methods for identification and typing of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from a pharmaceutical facility. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 270 S. maltophilia strains identified by VITEK®2, 40 were selected and submitted to MALDI TOF-MS, 16S and 23S rRNA gene analysis, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), and an antimicrobial susceptibility profile. 16S rRNA sequencing was able to identify 39 (97.5%) strains as Stenotrophomonas spp. and one (2.5%) as Luteimonas huabeiensis. MALDI TOF-MS identified 37 (92.5%) strains as S. maltophilia, and three (7.5%) were not identified. PCR targeting 23S rRNA yielded a positive result for 39 (97.5%) strains. However, after sequencing, two strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, showing false-positive results. The confirmed S. maltophilia strains (n = 37) showed 35 distinct ERIC-PCR profiles and exhibited sensitivity to minocycline and levofloxacin, and six (16.3%) showed intermediate resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. CONCLUSION: Matrix-assisted laser desorption lonization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was a satisfactory methodology for the identification of S. maltophilia, but expansion of the database is necessary for the identification of other species. 16S rDNA sequencing showed low resolution for Stenotrophomonas species differentiation. PCR targeting 23S rRNA could not differentiate S. maltophilia from S. rhizophila. ERIC-PCR was shown to be a useful tool for the microbial source tracking of S. maltophilia.

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INTRODUCTION: With the advent of COVID-19, teledentistry and remote monitoring have become an imminent reality that allows orthodontists to monitor orthodontic treatment through virtual checkups, which complement in-office appointments. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of using teledentistry in monitoring the evolution of orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Searches were performed in on-line databases. PECO strategy focused on comparing orthodontic patients exposed and not exposed to teledentistry. Searches and data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines. The assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was performed using the ROBINS-I and GRADE tools, respectively. A meta-analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Out of 1,178 records found, 4 met the criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. The risk of bias for follow-up assesment in aligner treatment was low to moderate; while for interceptive treatment, it was high. Studies are favorable to the use of teledentistry. The meta-analysis was performed with aligners studies only, due to heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was considered very low. CONCLUSION: With very low certainty of evidence, teledentistry using Dental Monitoring® software is effective as an aid in monitoring the evolution of interceptive orthodontic treatment (high risk of bias) and, especially, treatment performed with aligners (low to moderate risk of bias). The meta-analysis evidenced a reduction in the number of face-to-face appointments (mean difference = -2.75[-3.95, -1.55]; I2=41%; p<0.00001) and the time for starting refinement (mean difference = -1.21[-2.35, -0.08]; I2=49%; p=0.04). Additional randomized studies evaluating corrective orthodontic treatment with brackets and wires are welcome.

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BACKGROUND: The concept that posterior crossbite is not self-correcting has been controversial in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of self-correction of crossbite in different stages of dentition in childhood. SEARCH METHODS AND SELECTION CRITERIA: A bibliographic search using the acronym PECOS was performed in five databases and in partial grey literature. Studies evaluating children with posterior crossbite in the deciduous or mixed dentition at initial examination and followed for at least 3 years were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The data extraction of the studies included presents information on authorship, clinical characteristics, main results, and conclusions. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated through the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. RESULTS: Among the 3045 references identified, seven cohort studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies evaluated patients in transition from deciduous to mixed, mixed to permanent, and deciduous to mixed dentition. Two studies had a low risk of bias, three had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The results showed posterior crossbite self-correction frequencies ranging from 12.2 to 77.1% during the transition from primary to mixed dentition, approximately 16% from mixed to permanent dentition, and a range from 20 to 82.8% from deciduous to permanent dentition. The level of certainty of the evidence generated ranged from very low to moderate. LIMITATIONS: The observational design of the studies, without adequate control for confounding factors, and non-classification of the samples considering the types or the severity of the posterior crossbite. CONCLUSION: The self-correction of posterior crossbite in childhood is possible. However, the results of this research do not allow to affirm how often the self-correction of posterior crossbite can occur. New studies that assess factors associated with the occurrence of self-correction of this malocclusion, including oral habits, may increase the certainty of the evidence. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022311935.

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Vitiligo is the most frequent cause of depigmentation worldwide. Genetic association studies have discovered about 50 loci associated with disease, many with immunological functions. Among them is HLA-G, which modulates immunity by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors, mainly LILRB1 and LILRB2. Here we investigated the LILRB1 and LILRB2 association with vitiligo risk and evaluated the possible role of interactions between HLA-G and its receptors in this pathogenesis. We tested the association of the polymorphisms of HLA-G, LILRB1, and LILRB2 with vitiligo using logistic regression along with adjustment by ancestry. Further, methods based on the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach (MDR v.3.0.2, GMDR v.0.9, and MB-MDR) were used to detect potential epistatic interactions between polymorphisms from the three genes. An interaction involving rs9380142 and rs2114511 polymorphisms was identified by all methods used. The polymorphism rs9380142 is an HLA-G 3'UTR variant (+3187) with a well-established role in mRNA stability. The polymorphism rs2114511 is located in the exonic region of LILRB1. Although no association involving this SNP has been reported, ChIP-Seq experiments have identified this position as an EBF1 binding site. These results highlight the role of an epistatic interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in vitiligo pathogenesis.

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The present study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of cassava fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts on performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microorganisms and ruminal fermentation of cattle through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The effects of yeast-fermented cassava (YFC) in the diet of cattle were evaluated using the mean difference as a measure of the effect size, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were performed to investigate the origin of heterogeneity. The database included eight experiments. Three studies were related to dairy heifers, three related to dairy cow and the remaining two studies were associated to beef heifers. The inclusion of YFC in the bovine diet increased the dry matter intake %BW (P < 0.01) and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05). We observed an increase in mean ruminal pH (P < 0.01), volatile fatty acid (P < 0.01) and propionic acid concentration (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase in the population of bacteria (P < 0.01) and fungi (P < 0.01), and a reduction in the protozoan count in the rumen fluid (P < 0.01) in the animals fed with YFC. Lactating cows fed YFC produced 1.02 kg/day more (P < 0.01) milk than non-supplemented cows. In addition, there was an increase of 7.4% in the fat (P = 0.03), 6.3% in the protein (P < 0.01) and 2.8% in lactose (P = 0.02) of milk of cows supplemented with YFC. The results of the present meta-analysis showed that the total or partial inclusion of YFC in cattle concentrate improves fermentation and rumen efficiency, dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition.

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Resumo Objetivo Identificar estudos que utilizaram as técnicas de Foto-Elicitação e Photovoice como estratégia para coleta de dados com crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, efetuada nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO e LILACS, com busca de artigos publicados em inglês, português e espanhol, entre os anos 2010 e 2021. As buscas foram conduzidas entre os meses de fevereiro e abril de 2022. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e organizados em categorias. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos e, a partir do processo analítico, construíram-se as seguintes categorias: 1 - Vantagens do uso da Foto-Elicitação e do Photovoice; e 2 - Desafios no uso dessas técnicas. Conclusão A literatura é convergente ao considerar que a abordagem visual se configura como uma ferramenta facilitadora da comunicação das experiências de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas, ainda que possa apresentar alguns desafios na sua aplicabilidade.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar estudios que utilizaron las técnicas de foto-elicitación y fotovoz como estrategia de recopilación de datos con infantes y adolescentes con condiciones crónicas. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO y LILACS, con búsqueda de artículos publicados en inglés, portugués y español, entre los años 2010 y 2021. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo entre los meses de febrero y abril de 2022. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva y se organizaron en categorías. Resultados Se incluyeron 28 artículos y, a partir del proceso analítico, se crearon las siguientes categorías: 1) Ventajas del uso de la foto-elicitación y de la fotovoz, 2) Desafíos del uso de estas técnicas. Conclusión La literatura es convergente al considerar que el enfoque visual se presenta como una herramienta facilitadora de la comunicación de las experiencias de infantes y adolescentes con condiciones crónicas, aunque puede presentar algunos desafíos para su aplicabilidad.

Abstract Objective To identify studies that used Photo-Elicitation and Photovoice techniques as a strategy for data collection with children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Methods This is an integrative literature review, carried out in the Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and LILACS databases, with a search for articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, between 2010 and 2021. The searches were conducted between February and April 2022. Data were analyzed descriptively and organized into categories. Results A total of 28 articles were included and, based on the analytical process, the following categories were constructed: Advantages of using Photo-Elicitation and Photovoice; and Challenges in using these techniques. Conclusion The literature is converging when considering that the visual approach is configured as a tool that facilitates the communication of the experiences of children and adolescents with chronic conditions, although it may present some challenges in its applicability.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: With the advent of COVID-19, teledentistry and remote monitoring have become an imminent reality that allows orthodontists to monitor orthodontic treatment through virtual checkups, which complement in-office appointments. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of using teledentistry in monitoring the evolution of orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: Searches were performed in on-line databases. PECO strategy focused on comparing orthodontic patients exposed and not exposed to teledentistry. Searches and data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines. The assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was performed using the ROBINS-I and GRADE tools, respectively. A meta-analysis was also performed. Results: Out of 1,178 records found, 4 met the criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. The risk of bias for follow-up assesment in aligner treatment was low to moderate; while for interceptive treatment, it was high. Studies are favorable to the use of teledentistry. The meta-analysis was performed with aligners studies only, due to heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was considered very low. Conclusion: With very low certainty of evidence, teledentistry using Dental Monitoring® software is effective as an aid in monitoring the evolution of interceptive orthodontic treatment (high risk of bias) and, especially, treatment performed with aligners (low to moderate risk of bias). The meta-analysis evidenced a reduction in the number of face-to-face appointments (mean difference = −2.75[−3.95, -1.55]; I2=41%; p<0.00001) and the time for starting refinement (mean difference = −1.21[−2.35, -0.08]; I2=49%; p=0.04). Additional randomized studies evaluating corrective orthodontic treatment with brackets and wires are welcome.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o advento da COVID-19, a teleodontologia e o monitoramento remoto tornaram-se uma realidade iminente, permitindo ao ortodontista acompanhar o tratamento ortodôntico por meio de checkups virtuais, que complementam as consultas presenciais. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do uso da teleodontologia no acompanhamento da evolução do tratamento ortodôntico. Material e Métodos: Buscas foram realizadas em bases de dados on-line. A estratégia PECO focou na comparação de pacientes ortodônticos expostos e não expostos à teleodontologia. As buscas e a extração dos dados seguiram a metodologia PRISMA. A avaliação do risco de viés e da certeza da evidência foi realizada com as ferramentas ROBINS-I e GRADE, respectivamente. Uma metanálise também foi realizada. Resultados: Dos 1.178 estudos encontrados, 4 atenderam aos critérios e foram incluídos na análise qualitativa. O risco de viés para a avaliação do acompanhamento de tratamentos com alinhadores foi baixo a moderado; enquanto para o tratamento interceptativo, foi alto. Os estudos são favoráveis ao uso da teleodontologia. A meta-análise foi realizada apenas com estudos de alinhadores, devido à heterogeneidade. A certeza da evidência foi considerada muito baixa. Conclusão: Com muito baixo nível de certeza da evidência, a teleodontologia utilizando o software Dental Monitoring® é eficaz para auxiliar no acompanhamento da evolução do tratamento ortodôntico interceptativo (alto risco de viés) e, principalmente, do tratamento realizado com alinhadores (risco de viés baixo a moderado). A metanálise evidenciou redução no número de atendimentos presenciais (diferença média = −2,75[−3,95, -1,55]; I2=41%; p<0,00001) e no tempo para início do refinamento (diferença média = −1,21[−2,35, -0,08]; I2=49%; p=0,04). Estudos randomizados adicionais avaliando o tratamento ortodôntico corretivo com braquetes e fios são bem-vindos.

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Objetivo: avaliar sintomas depressivos em pacientes vegetarianos e onívoros de Pernambuco (Brasil). Método: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário online autoaplicável, contendo a Escala de Rastreamento Populacional para Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (CES-D). O instrumento é composto por 20 questões, cujas respostas ajudam a detectar sintomas de depressão em populações adultas. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados média e desvio padrão, e valores de p e teste de Student Um total de 106 indivíduos responderam o questionário, sendo destes 53 onívoros e 53 vegetarianos. Resultados: ambos os grupos, onívoros e vegetarianos, apresentaram um score aumentado para depressão (acima de 16 pontos). Estes escores não diferem de acordo com estilo de dieta, não havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos. Não houve associação entre dietas vegetarianas e sintomas depressivos, pelo menos no aspecto clínico e com a escala escolhida. Conclusão: ressalta-se a importância de avaliar o aumento dos escores em ambos os grupos. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar esses mecanismos

Objective: to evaluate depressive symptoms in vegetarian and omnivorous patients from Pernambuco (Brazil). Method: Data collection was performed using a selfadministered online questionnaire, containing the Population Tracking Scale for Depression at the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CES-D). The instrument consists of 20 questions, whose answers help to detect symptoms of depression in adult populations. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation were used, and values of p and Student test A total of 106 individuals answered the questionnaire, of which 53 were omnivorous and 53 were vegetarians. Results: both groups, omnivorous and vegetarian, had an increased score for depression (above 16 points). These scores do not differ according to diet style, with no statistical difference between groups. There was no association between vegetarian diets and depressive symptoms, at least in the clinical aspect and with the chosen scale. Conclusion: we highlight the importance of assessing the increase in scores in both groups. Further studies are needed to elucidate these mechanisms

Objetivo: evaluar los síntomas depresivos en pacientes vegetarianos y omnívoros de Pernambuco (Brasil). Método: La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario en línea autoadministrado que contenía la Escala de Cribado Poblacional para la Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D). El instrumento consta de 20 preguntas, cuyas respuestas ayudan a detectar síntomas de depresión en poblaciones adultas. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó la media y la desviación estándar, y los valores de p y de las pruebas de los estudiantes Un total de 106 individuos respondieron al cuestionario, de los cuales 53 omnívoros y 53 vegetarianos. Resultados: tanto los grupos omnívoros como los vegetarianos presentaron una mayor puntuación para la depresión (por encima de 16 puntos). Estas puntuaciones no difieren según el estilo de dieta, y no hay diferencia estadística entre los grupos. No hubo asociación entre las dietas vegetarianas y los síntomas depresivos, al menos en el aspecto clínico y con la escala elegida. Conclusión: se enfatiza la importancia de evaluar el aumento de puntajes en ambos grupos. Se necesitan más estudios para dilucidar estos mecanismos.

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Breast cancer is the type of cancer with the highest incidence in women around the world. Noteworthy, the triple-negative subtype affects 20% of the patients while presenting the highest death rate among subtypes. This is due to its aggressive phenotype and the capability of invading other tissues. In general, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and other immune cells, are responsible for maintaining a favorable tumor microenvironment for inflammation and metastasis by secreting several mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, chemokines like CCL2, and other proteins, as metalloproteinases of matrix (MMP). On the other hand, immunomodulatory agents can interfere in the immune response of TAM and change the disease prognosis. In this work, we prepared nanostructured lipid carriers containing kaurenoic acid (NLC-KA) to evaluate the effect on cytokine production in vitro of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and the migratory process of 4 T1 breast cancer cells. NLC-KA prepared from a blend of natural lipids was shown to have approximately 90 nm in diameter with low polydispersity index. To test the effect on cytokine production in vitro in NLC-KA treated BMDM, ELISA assay was performed and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified. The formulation reduced the secretion of IL-1ß and TNF-α cytokines while presenting no hemolytic activity. Noteworthy, an anti-migratory effect in 4 T1 breast cancer cells treated with NLC-KA was observed in scratch assays. Further, MMP9 and CCL2 gene expressions in both BMDM and 4 T1 treated cells confirmed that the mechanism of inhibition of migration is related to the blockade of this pathway by KA. Finally, cell invasion assays confirmed that NLC-KA treatment resulted in less invasiveness of 4 T1 cells than control, and it is independent of CCL2 stimulus or BMDM direct stimulus. Ultimately, NLC-KA was able to regulate the cytokine production in vitro and reduce the migration of 4 T1 breast cancer cells by decreasing MMP9 gene expression.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) ethanolic extract (CSEE) in neuroblastoma cells, chemically characterize the compounds present in the CSEE, and predict the molecular interactions and properties of ADME. Thus, after obtaining the CSEE and performing its chemical characterization through dereplication methods using UPLC/DAD-ESI/HRMS/MS, PM6 methods and the SwissADME drug design platform were used in order to predict molecular interactions and ADME properties. The CSEE was tested for 24 h in neuroblastoma cells to the establishment of the IC50 dose. Then, the cell death was evaluated, using annexin-PI, as well as the activity of the effector caspase 3, and the protein and mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. By UHPLC/DAD/HRMS-MS/MS analysis, the CSEE showed a high content of isocoumarins-dihydrocoriandrin, coriandrin, and coriandrones A and B, as well as nitrogenated compounds (adenine, adenosine, and tryptophan). Flavonoids (apigenin, hyperoside, and rutin), phospholipids (PAF C-16 and LysoPC (16:0)), and acylglicerol were also identified in lower amount as important compounds with antioxidant activity. The in silico approach results showed that the compounds 1 to 6, which are found mostly in the C. sativum extract, obey the "Five Rules" of Lipinski, suggesting a good pharmacokinetic activity of these compounds when administered orally. The IC50 dose of CSEE (20 µg/mL) inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell death by the accumulation of cleaved caspase-3 and the externalization of phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, CSEE decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax, both protein and mRNA levels, suggesting an apoptotic mechanism. CSEE presents cytotoxic effects, promoting cell death. In addition to the promising results predicted through the in silico approach for all compounds, the compound 6 showed the best results in relation to stability due to its GAP value.

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BACKGROUND: Several aspects of the orthodontic routine seem to have been affected since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated consecutive cases of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment that completed treatment before (n = 37) or during (n = 26) the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on treatment time was adjusted for the patient's initial age, sex, number of debonds/breakages, number of missing teeth, initial PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) index (T0) and operator (n = 2), through multiple linear regression. The impact generated by months of treatment conducted during the pandemic period was also examined. Seven poorly finished cases were previously excluded, including five finished during the pandemic. RESULTS: Although the number of absences/missed appointments of patients treated during the pandemic was four months more than those treated in the previous period (p < 0.001), there was no significant effect of the pandemic on total orthodontic treatment time for both operators. There was also an effect of operator (ß = 10.42, p < 0.001) and gender, which was lower in females (ß = 4.77, p = 0.03), on treatment time (R2 = 0.27). The other variables showed no significant association (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant effect on total orthodontic treatment time, although a greater number of absences/missed appointments were observed.

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A necessidade de equipamentos e de cuidados permanentes às crianças com condições crônicas complexas, a exemplo das dependentes de ventilação mecânica (VM), muitas vezes resultam em internações hospitalares prolongadas, o que impõe dificuldades para as famílias e para o sistema de saúde. Esta pesquisa buscou mapear a existência de crianças dependentes de VM hospitalizadas no Distrito Federal e conhecer os desafios para sua desospitalização. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa-intervenção cartográfica, por meio do acompanhamento de processos de transição hospital-domicílio e da identificação das dificuldades a eles relacionadas. As pesquisadoras transitaram entre hospitais públicos do DF, domicílios e um abrigo institucional, realizando observação participante (registrada em diário de campo), leitura de prontuários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com mães e profissionais de saúde. Identificou-se que os atravessamentos do saber biomédico, a cultura hospital-centrada, bem como os sentidos atribuídos às crianças "crônicas" e "complexas", definem o estabelecimento de práticas e lugares de cuidado, dificultando a desospitalização. A falta de capacitação e estrutura adequada para as equipes de atenção domiciliar, e a insuficiência de vagas no serviço de home care privado contratado pela Secretaria de Saúde também são fatores que dificultam esse processo. Concluiu-se que é necessário não só prover condições concretas para que as equipes de atenção domiciliar recebam este público, mas também desnaturalizar a noção de "crônicas" e "complexas", ampliando a compreensão acerca da desospitalização dos usuários e desinstitucionalizando saberes e práticas, para que seja possível cuidar das crianças e suas famílias de forma singularizada e não burocrática.

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Although the importance of genetics and genomics in nursing education has been widely recognized, surveys carried out in several countries show that these subjects are still limited in nursing undergraduate programs. In Latin America, the teaching of genetics and genomics in nursing programs has never been previously documented. Considering this scenario, we aimed to investigate how genetics and genomics have been taught in undergraduate nursing programs in Brazil. A total of 138 undergraduate nursing program coordinators and 49 faculty members were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. After IRB approval, data were collected using an online survey, covering curriculum design, faculty credentials, genetics and/or genomics teaching, as well as their impressions regarding the document "Essential Nursing Competencies and Curricula Guidelines for Genetics and Genomics". Genetics is taught in most of the investigated courses (67.3%), mainly by biologists (77.6%), with master's degree (83.7%), and with the syllabus mainly focused on molecular biology. More instructors agreed with Competency 2 (C2) which refers to advocating for clients' access to desired genetic/genomic services and/or resources including support groups as well as C23 which refer to using health promotion/disease prevention practices that incorporate knowledge of genetic and genomic risk factors, than coordinators. That is, the participants' type of appointment (instructors vs. coordinators) had a significant effect on their agreement level with competencies C2 (χ2 = 6.23, p = 0.041) and C23 (χ2 = 9.36, p = 0.007). Overall, a higher number of participants with both master's and Ph.D. degrees significantly agreed with competencies C2, C4, which refer to incorporating genetic and genomic technologies and information into registered nurse practice, and C5-demonstrating in practice the importance of tailoring genetic and genomic information and services to clients based on their culture, religion, knowledge level, literacy, and preferred language, when compared to those with Ph.D. only, and those with a master's degree only (χ2 = 8.73, p = 0.033; χ2 = 8.61, p = 0.033; χ2 = 8.61, p = 0.033, respectively). Our results support reflections on ways to prepare the nursing workforce to deliver personalized nursing care. Additionally, they can be an aid in establishing guidelines for the undergraduate nursing curricula in Brazil and in other Portuguese-speaking countries, as well as in Latin America.

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Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate today, with breast cancer being the second most common type among the Brazilian population. Due to its etiological complexity and inefficiency of treatments, studies have focused on new forms of treatment. Among these forms of treatment, hormonal therapy seems to be an excellent auxiliary mechanism in tumoricidal activity, and melatonin has great potential as a modulator of the immune system. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of the hormone melatonin on the coculture of colostrum polymorphonuclear cells and MCF-7 cancer cells and evaluates the effect of this hormone using a modified transport system. A feasibility analysis was performed by fluorescence microscopy at three cell incubation times, 2 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours. The measurement of cytokines in the cell supernatant occurred in 24 hours, and the apoptosis assay was performed in 72 hours using flow cytometry. The results showed higher levels of cell viability in groups treated with melatonin and less viability in groups containing a coculture of polymorphonuclear cells and MCF-7 after 72 hours of incubation. Furthermore, the apoptosis and necrosis rates were higher in coculture polymorphonuclear and MCF-7 cells, especially in groups containing microemulsion as a modified release agent. These data suggest that melatonin, especially if associated with a modified release system, has immunomodulatory effects on human colostrum polymorphonuclear cells. These cells can play a crucial role in the resolution of the tumor through their mediation and inflammatory action.

RESUMO

Introdução: as parasitoses intestinais estão distribuídas mundialmente e são frequentes entre indivíduos com maior contato interpessoal. A prevalência destas infecções reflete a precariedade das condições sanitárias e socioeconômicas que propiciam sua disseminação na população. Objetivos: determinar a frequência de parasitos intestinais e analisar o perfil socioeconômico e higiênico-sanitário entre crianças e adolescentes em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Metodologia: estudo transversal conduzido em 116 participantes a partir de entrevista e análise coproparasitológica segundo o método Hoffman, Pons e Janer. O programa EpiInfo Windows versão 3.5.4 foi utilizado para a criação e análise dos bancos de dados. Valor de p<0,05 e IC de 95% foram considerados como significativos. Resultados: foi identificada prevalência de 77,6% de indivíduos parasitados. A média de idade foi de 9,6 anos e 57,8% eram do sexo masculino. Os patógenos mais frequentes foram Giardia duodenalis (35,5%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (16,6%), Enterobius vermicularis (3,3%) e Ascaris lumbricoides (1,1%). Organismos comensais foram encontrados em 93,3% dos indivíduos infectados. Verificou-se que 97,8% tinham abastecimento de água tratada; 76,7% possuíam rede de esgoto; 86,7% tinham acesso à coleta de lixo; 72,2% consumiam água filtrada ou fervida em casa e 41,1% declararam higienizar as frutas, verduras e hortaliças antes do consumo. Conclusão: foi identificada alta taxa de parasitismo retratando as condições socioeconômicas e higiênico-sanitárias da população estudada. Destaca-se a necessidade de maiores esforços para a realização de programas de educação em saúde para que a população seja modificadora da sua realidade a partir da conscientização sobre a problemática.

Introduction: intestinal parasites are distributed worldwide and are frequent among individuals with greater interpersonal contact. The prevalence of these infections reflects the precariousness of the sanitary and socioeconomic conditions that promote their dissemination in the population. Objectives: to determine the frequency of intestinal parasites and to analyze the socioeconomic and hygienic-sanitary profile among children and teenagers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in 116 participants based on interview and parasitological analysis of feces according to the Hoffman, Pons and Janer method. The EpiInfo Windows version 3.5.4 software was used to create and analyze the databases. p-value <0.05 and 95% CI were considered significant. Results: a prevalence of 77.6% of parasitized individuals was identified. The average age was 9.6 years and 57.8% were male. The most frequent pathogens were Giardia duodenalis (35.5%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (16.6%), Enterobius vermicularis (3.3%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (1.1%). Commensal organisms were found in 93.3% of infected individuals. It was found that 97.8% had treated water supply; 76.7% had a sewage system; 86.7% had access to garbage collection; 72.2% consumed filtered or boiled water at home and 41.1% declared to clean fruits, vegetables and vegetables before consumption. Conclusion: we identified a high rate of parasitism representing the socioeconomic and hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied population. We highlight the need for greater efforts in carrying out health education programs so that the population can modify their reality based on awareness of the problem.

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RESUMO

This scoping review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence of the associations between molecular and genetic markers of mitochondrial metabolism and fatigue in human adults. The research question guiding this review was, "Are there potential relationships between mitochondrial metabolism markers and fatigue?" The literature search used three terms (mitochondria; fatigue; energy metabolism), which yielded 263 manuscripts and 22 theses/dissertations. The studies included in the review had to meet three criteria: (1) Include adult participants (≥18 years of age); (2) Show a relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and fatigue; (3) Be published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Of the 17 articles included for a full-text review, some had a cross-sectional design (6/17, 35%), and more than half (12/17, 70%) were published between 2015 and 2020. The predominant population studied were patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (9/17, 53%). Most studies (15/17, 88%) assessed fatigue with validated instruments. Mitochondrial markers associated with fatigue are a) mitochondrial transport pathways and respiratory chain, b) mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and c) energy disorders in cells of the immune system, such as natural killer cells. Mitochondrial metabolic activities, such as the production and transport of ATP, are significant components that may help understand the etiology of fatigue. Future directions should include longitudinal study designs, characterization of fatigue phenotypes, and the identification of markers involved in production and transport pathways. The clinical relevance in this field can lead to interventions targeting mitochondrial markers to reduce or prevent fatigue.

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