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BACKGROUND: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a high prevalence neurological disorder. Surgery has emerged as a promising treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to compare the surgical results of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) in a cohort of 132 patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 146 patients operated for TLE from 2008 to 2019. Initially, 13 patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient medical record data or follow-up loss. One patient was excluded from the analysis of the results due to death in the first postoperative week. We used the ILAE scale to classify seizure control after surgery. In patients with left hippocampal sclerosis, SAH was performed and in right temporal lobe epilepsy, ATL was the approach of choice. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time after surgery was 57.2 months (12-137). In our data analysis, we found that the group of patients undergoing ATL had a higher prevalence of being completely seizure-free (ILAE I) (57.1% versus 31%) and a higher rate of satisfactory seizure control (88.6% versus 69.3%) p = 0,006, when compared with patients undergoing SAH. CONCLUSION: The literature is still controversial about seizure control concerning the technique used due to the lack of a robust methodology. Our data analysis identified the superiority of ATL over SAH in seizure outcomes. ATL may be the best option for adequately controlling seizures with minimal additional morbidity in countries with a cost limitation for extended propaedeutics.

ANTECEDENTES: A epilepsia do lobo temporal (TLE) é uma desordem neurológica de alta prevalência. A cirurgia surgiu como um tratamento promissor. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar os resultados da lobectomia temporal anterior (ATL) versus amigdalohipocampectomia seletiva (SAH) em uma coorte de 132 pacientes. MéTODOS: Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo de 146 pacientes operados por TLE de 2008 a 2019. Inicialmente, 13 pacientes foram excluídos por insuficiência de dados em prontuário ou perda de seguimento. Um paciente foi excluído da análise por óbito na primeira semana de pós-operatório. Usamos a escala ILAE para classificar o controle das crises após a cirurgia. Em pacientes com esclerose hipocampal à esquerda, foi realizada a SAH, e na epilepsia do lobo temporal à direita, a ATL foi a abordagem de escolha. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de seguimento após a cirurgia foi de 57,2 meses (12­137). Em nossa avaliação, encontramos que o grupo de pacientes submetidos à ATL apresentou maior prevalência de ausência total de crises (ILAE I) (57,1% versus 31%) e maior taxa de controle satisfatório da epilepsia (88,6% versus 69,3%) p = 0,006, quando comparado ao grupo submetido à SAH. CONCLUSãO: A literatura ainda é controversa em relação à redução das crises de acordo com a técnica utilizada devido a falta de uma metodologia robusta. Nosso estudo identificou superioridade da ATL sobre a SAH nos desfechos convulsivos. ATL pode ser a melhor opção para controlar adequadamente as convulsões com morbidade adicional mínima em países com limitação de custo para propedêutica estendida.

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Abstract Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a high prevalence neurological disorder. Surgery has emerged as a promising treatment. Objective The objective of this work is to compare the surgical results of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) in a cohort of 132 patients. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 146 patients operated for TLE from 2008 to 2019. Initially, 13 patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient medical record data or follow-up loss. One patient was excluded from the analysis of the results due to death in the first postoperative week. We used the ILAE scale to classify seizure control after surgery. In patients with left hippocampal sclerosis, SAH was performed and in right temporal lobe epilepsy, ATL was the approach of choice. Results The mean follow-up time after surgery was 57.2 months (12-137). In our data analysis, we found that the group of patients undergoing ATL had a higher prevalence of being completely seizure-free (ILAE I) (57.1% versus 31%) and a higher rate of satisfactory seizure control (88.6% versus 69.3%) p = 0,006, when compared with patients undergoing SAH. Conclusions The literature is still controversial about seizure control concerning the technique used due to the lack of a robust methodology. Our data analysis identified the superiority of ATL over SAH in seizure outcomes. ATL may be the best option for adequately controlling seizures with minimal additional morbidity in countries with a cost limitation for extended propaedeutics.

Resumo Antecedentes A epilepsia do lobo temporal (TLE) é uma desordem neurológica de alta prevalência. A cirurgia surgiu como um tratamento promissor. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar os resultados da lobectomia temporal anterior (ATL) versus amigdalohipocampectomia seletiva (SAH) em uma coorte de 132 pacientes. Métodos Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo de 146 pacientes operados por TLE de 2008 a 2019. Inicialmente, 13 pacientes foram excluídos por insuficiência de dados em prontuário ou perda de seguimento. Um paciente foi excluído da análise por óbito na primeira semana de pós-operatório. Usamos a escala ILAE para classificar o controle das crises após a cirurgia. Em pacientes com esclerose hipocampal à esquerda, foi realizada a SAH, e na epilepsia do lobo temporal à direita, a ATL foi a abordagem de escolha. Resultados O tempo médio de seguimento após a cirurgia foi de 57,2 meses (12-137). Em nossa avaliação, encontramos que o grupo de pacientes submetidos à ATL apresentou maior prevalência de ausência total de crises (ILAE I) (57,1% versus 31%) e maior taxa de controle satisfatório da epilepsia (88,6% versus 69,3%) p = 0,006, quando comparado ao grupo submetido à SAH. Resultados A literatura ainda é controversa em relação à redução das crises de acordo com a técnica utilizada devido a falta de uma metodologia robusta. Nosso estudo identificou superioridade da ATL sobre a SAH nos desfechos convulsivos. ATL pode ser a melhor opção para controlar adequadamente as convulsões com morbidade adicional mínima em países com limitação de custo para propedêutica estendida.

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OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuropathic pain (NP). Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can exert beneficial effects on pain outcomes in humans and in animal models. SMT can also modulate oxidative stress markers in both humans and animals. We aimed to determine the effect of Impulse®-assisted SMT (ISMT) on nociception and oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of rats with NP. METHODS: NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Animals were randomly assigned to naive, sham (rats with sciatic nerve exposure but without ligatures), or CCI, with and without ISMT. ISMT was applied onto the skin area corresponding to the spinous process of L4-L5, three times per week for 2 weeks. Mechanical threshold, latency to paw withdrawal in response to thermal stimulus, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve were the main outcomes evaluated. RESULTS: ISMT significantly increased mechanical threshold and withdrawal latency after CCI. In the spinal cord, ISMT prevented the increase of pro-oxidative superoxide anion generation and hydrogen peroxide levels. Lipid hydroperoxide levels both in the spinal cord and in the sciatic nerve were attenuated by ISMT. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of CCI rats with and without ISMT. CCI and ISMT did not significantly change the total thiol content of the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that reduced oxidative stress in the spinal cord and/or nerve may be an important mechanism underlying a therapeutic effect of SMT to manage NP nonpharmacologically.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in neuropathic pain (i.e., pain caused by lesion or disease of the somatosensory system). We showed previously that the aqueous extract prepared from Luehea divaricata leaves, a plant explored by native ethnic groups of Brazil to treat different pathologic conditions, exhibits good antioxidant activity and induces analgesia in rats with neuropathic pain (J Ethnopharmacol, 2020; 256:112761. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112761). The effect was comparable to that of gabapentin, a drug recommended as first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. However, increasing evidence has indicated the need to accurately determine the oxidative stress level of an individual before prescribing supplemental antioxidants. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study assessed the effects of the oral administration of aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata on the sciatic functional index (SFI) and spinal-cord pro-oxidant and antioxidant markers of rats with neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Placement of four loose chromic thread ligatures around the sciatic nerve produced chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, a commonly employed animal model to study neuropathic pain. Aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata (100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg), gabapentin (50 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) + gabapentin (30 mg/kg) were administrated per gavage daily for 10 or 35 days post-CCI. Antinociception was assessed using the von Frey test while SFI showed functional recovery post-nerve lesion throughout the experimental period. At days 10 and 35 post-surgery, the lumbosacral spinal cord and a segment of the injured sciatic nerve were dissected out and used to determine lipid hydroperoxide levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The spinal cord was also used to determine superoxide anion generation (SAG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and total thiol content. RESULTS: As expected, the extract, gabapentin and extract + gabapentin induced antinociception in CCI rats. While no significant functional recovery was found at 10 days post-CCI, a significant recovery was found in SFI of extract-treated CCI rats at 21 and 35 days post-CCI. A significant functional recovery was found already at day 10 post-CCI in gabapentin and gabapentin + extract-treated CCI rats. The extract treatment prevented increases in lipid hydroperoxides levels and TAC in injured sciatic nerve, which were found in this tissue of vehicle-treated rats at 10 days post-CCI. Extract also prevented an increase in SAG, H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides levels in the spinal cord, which were elevated in this tissue of vehicle-treated rats at 10 and 35 days post-CCI. Extract also prevented a decrease in total thiol content and an increase in TAC in the spinal cord of CCI rats in these same time periods. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous extract from L. divaricata leaves was demonstrated, for the first time, to improve SFI and modulate oxidative stress markers in injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord of CCI rats. Thus, the antinociceptive effect of the extract involves modulation of oxidative stress markers in injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord.

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OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to compare the 12-month clinical performance of two full-body bulk-fill resin composites Filtek bulk fill/3M ESPE (FBF) and Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill/Ivoclar Vivadent (TBF) and a conventional microhybrid resin composite Filtek Z250/3M ESPE (Z250) using the modified the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Also, the agreement between the two evaluation criteria was evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 138 class I and II restorations were placed in posterior teeth (split-mouth design) of 46 volunteers following manufacturer's instructions and bonded with a self-etching bonding agent (Clear fill SE Bond/Kuraray). The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up by three previously calibrated dentists (Cohen's K = 0.84). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Fisher's exact test and Pearson's Chi-squared test were used to evaluating the homogeneity of distribution of the clinical characteristics. Friedman's test was applied to evaluate differences among the resin composites. The results obtained for the USPHS and FDI criteria at the different observation times were compared using the Wilcoxon test. A level of significance of 0.05 was adopted for all tests. RESULTS: After 12 months (recall rate, 78.3%, n = 36 patients), the overall success rate was 99.07% for both criteria. Only one failed restoration (0.93%) was detected for each system during follow-up in the TBF group. CONCLUSION: The bulk-fill resin composites showed satisfactory clinical performance compared with conventional resin composite after 12 months. The percentage of the acceptable scores was significantly higher for the USPHS criteria, due to discrepancies in the score description for each criterion.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Luehea divaricata, popularly known in Brazil as "açoita-cavalo", has been widely explored by different ethnic groups native to Brazil to treat different pathologic conditions, including inflammatory pain. However, no report could be found on the effect that extract of L. divaricata has on neuropathic pain. This is an important topic because convergent and divergent mechanisms underlie inflammatory vs. neuropathic pain indicate that there may not always be a clear mechanistic delineation between these two conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to determine antioxidant activity and macronutrient composition of aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata, and the effect of oral administration on nociception in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain, one of the most commonly employed animal models of neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTS●+ and ORAC methods. Vitexin was determined by HPLC to show that the composition of the extract of the present study is similar to that used in previous studies with this genus. Total sugar and sucrose concentrations were assessed by the anthrone method, while glucose and triacilglycerides were determined using commercially available kits. Fructose concentration was calculated from values for total sugars, glucose and sucrose. Total protein was determined by Bradford assay. The effect on DNA strand breaking was investigated by inhibition of strand breaking of supercoiled DNA by hydroxyl radical. The antinociceptive effects of aqueous extract (100, 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, i.g.) were evaluated on thermal and mechanical thresholds for neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. We also compared the antinociceptive effect of the extract (500 mg/kg, i.g.) with that induced by gabapentin (50 mg/kg, i.g.), a first-line clinical treatment for neuropathic pain. The effect of co-administration of extract (500 mg/kg, i.g.) and low-dose gabapentin (30 mg/kg, i.g.) was also assessed. In addition, the effect of the extract on body weight, and blood and hepatic parameters were investigated to reveal possible side effects of treatment. RESULTS: The extract showed high content of total phenol; good reducing capacity for DPPH, ABTS●+ and ORAC assays; presence of vitexin; and a high capacity to inhibit strand breaking of supercoiled DNA. The predominant sugar was sucrose, followed by glucose and fructose. Total protein was greater than triacylglycerides, with the latter being present in a trace amount in the extract. The extract increased the thermal and mechanical thresholds, which was reduced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was comparable to gabapentin and was also found after co-administration of extract and low-dose gabapentin. No significant change was found in body weight and blood and hepatic indicators after extract treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous extract from L. divaricata leaves was as effective as gabapentin at attenuating CCI-induced neuropathic pain, indicating for first time the therapeutic potential of this species for this type of pain.

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Population aspects of Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863) originated from bob-shrimp fishing in the river catchment area São Francisco (Alagoas and Sergipe - Brazil). The carcinofauna escort originated from fishing for bob-shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) is quite diverse; highlighting catches the crab C. ornatus. In this paper, the biological material was collected monthly from January to December 2011, the last Fishing trailing. C. ornatus totaled 891 individuals, of whom 57.9% were males. The average width of the carapace was 29.2mm for males and for females 24.8mm; for males the catch concentrated in individuals with carapace width of between 8 and 44mm (mode in 38mm), while females ranged from 10 to 42mm (mode in 29 mm); recruitment, taking into account the average width of the carapace, was recorded in a continuous period between December and May, for males and from November to May, for females. The length-weight relationship of the specimens was positive allometric for males (b=3.17) and females (b=3.04). To protect the crab, this paper provides background information to support the planning and fisheries management of this species.

A carcinofauna que acompanha a pesca artesanal do camarão Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) é bastante diversificada, com destaque à captura do siri Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863). Neste estudo, o material biológico foi coletado mensalmente durante um ano (janeiro a dezembro/2011), proveniente de embarcação motorizada da frota camaroeira de arrasto. C. ornatus totalizou 891 indivíduos, dos quais 57,9% eram machos. A média de largura do cefalotórax (LC) foi maior nos machos (29,2 mm) do que nas fêmeas (24,8 mm); para os machos, as capturas concentraram-se em indivíduos com LC entre 8 e 44 mm, e fêmeas entre 10 a 42 mm; o recrutamento, levando-se em consideração os menores tamanhos (LC), foi registrado em um período contínuo de seis meses para os machos (dezembro a maio), similar aos sete meses constatados para as fêmeas (novembro a maio). A relação peso-tamanho dos espécimes foi alométrica positiva para os machos (b=3,17) e fêmeas (b=3,04). Os dados obtidos fornecem informação básica, indispensável como subsídios ao ordenamento e manejo pesqueiro do siri, particularmente na região de abrangência da pluma estuarina do Rio São Francisco (Alagoas e Sergipe, Brasil).

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The Fishing for peneid shrimps/prawns in water catchments used as saltpans is fairly common in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In this research, during the time of March until October in 2011 were applied 40 semi-structured questionnaires to shrimpers who work at SALINOR, in Macau/RN. Were raised some important information through bibliographic review about the extraction of salt and oil activity in the mangroves and its surroundings. The artisanal peneid fishery occurs during the night, with more than 100 fishermen who work in pair using an artificial light. The annual average shrimp produced is 4kg of shrimp/night/casting net. However, during the shrimp crop, it used to be 20kg of shrimp/night/casting net. One of the more common specie is Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (61%), being the Farfantepenaeus subtilis (24%) the second one. Furthermore, all those fishermen affirmed that they do not encourage their children and grand children to work as a fisherman or in this branch. Finally, it is recommended to continuing the process of artisanal fishery since its huge socioeconomic importance. Moreover, the saltpans work as a trap, so the prawns could not come back to the sea. Consequently, the prawns could not conclude their biological cycle.

A pescaria de camarões peneídeos em bacias de captação (evaporadores) de água que abastecem as salinas do litoral setentrional do estado do Rio Grande do Norte é bastante comum. Foram aplicados 40 questionários semi-estruturados, de março a outubro de 2011, entre os pescadores com atividade na SALINOR, em Macau. Temas relacionados a extração de sal e atividade petrolífera nos manguezais e no seu entorno, as informações foram obtidas por levantamento bibliográfico. A pesca artesanal de peneídeos é noturna, com mais de 100 pescadores que exercem sua atividade em dupla e utilizam a tarrafa e luz artificial. A produção média anual de camarão, é em torno de 4kg de camarão/noite/tarrafa, porém, durante a safra, geralmente no último quadrimestre do ano, a produção média é de aproximadamente 20kg de camarão/noite/tarrafa. A espécie com maior participação é Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (61%), seguida de Farfantepenaeus subtilis (24%). Todos os pescadores entrevistados afirmam não estimular seus filhos e netos a exercer a atividade de pesca. É recomendável a continuação desta modalidade de pesca, devido a sua importância socioeconômica, além, da salina funcionar como uma armadilha, não oferecendo aos peneídeos, seu retorno para o mar e, consequentemente, a conclusão do seu ciclo biológico.

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Population aspects of Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863) originated from bob-shrimp fishing in the river catchment area São Francisco (Alagoas and Sergipe - Brazil). The carcinofauna escort originated from fishing for bob-shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) is quite diverse; highlighting catches the crab C. ornatus. In this paper, the biological material was collected monthly from January to December 2011, the last Fishing trailing. C. ornatus totaled 891 individuals, of whom 57.9% were males. The average width of the carapace was 29.2mm for males and for females 24.8mm; for males the catch concentrated in individuals with carapace width of between 8 and 44mm (mode in 38mm), while females ranged from 10 to 42mm (mode in 29 mm); recruitment, taking into account the average width of the carapace, was recorded in a continuous period between December and May, for males and from November to May, for females. The length-weight relationship of the specimens was positive allometric for males (b=3.17) and females (b=3.04). To protect the crab, this paper provides background information to support the planning and fisheries management of this species.(AU)

A carcinofauna que acompanha a pesca artesanal do camarão Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) é bastante diversificada, com destaque à captura do siri Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863). Neste estudo, o material biológico foi coletado mensalmente durante um ano (janeiro a dezembro/2011), proveniente de embarcação motorizada da frota camaroeira de arrasto. C. ornatus totalizou 891 indivíduos, dos quais 57,9% eram machos. A média de largura do cefalotórax (LC) foi maior nos machos (29,2 mm) do que nas fêmeas (24,8 mm); para os machos, as capturas concentraram-se em indivíduos com LC entre 8 e 44 mm, e fêmeas entre 10 a 42 mm; o recrutamento, levando-se em consideração os menores tamanhos (LC), foi registrado em um período contínuo de seis meses para os machos (dezembro a maio), similar aos sete meses constatados para as fêmeas (novembro a maio). A relação peso-tamanho dos espécimes foi alométrica positiva para os machos (b=3,17) e fêmeas (b=3,04). Os dados obtidos fornecem informação básica, indispensável como subsídios ao ordenamento e manejo pesqueiro do siri, particularmente na região de abrangência da pluma estuarina do Rio São Francisco (Alagoas e Sergipe, Brasil).(AU)

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The Fishing for peneid shrimps/prawns in water catchments used as saltpans is fairly common in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In this research, during the time of March until October in 2011 were applied 40 semi-structured questionnaires to shrimpers who work at SALINOR, in Macau/RN. Were raised some important information through bibliographic review about the extraction of salt and oil activity in the mangroves and its surroundings. The artisanal peneid fishery occurs during the night, with more than 100 fishermen who work in pair using an artificial light. The annual average shrimp produced is 4kg of shrimp/night/casting net. However, during the shrimp crop, it used to be 20kg of shrimp/night/casting net. One of the more common specie is Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (61%), being the Farfantepenaeus subtilis (24%) the second one. Furthermore, all those fishermen affirmed that they do not encourage their children and grand children to work as a fisherman or in this branch. Finally, it is recommended to continuing the process of artisanal fishery since its huge socioeconomic importance. Moreover, the saltpans work as a trap, so the prawns could not come back to the sea. Consequently, the prawns could not conclude their biological cycle.(AU)

A pescaria de camarões peneídeos em bacias de captação (evaporadores) de água que abastecem as salinas do litoral setentrional do estado do Rio Grande do Norte é bastante comum. Foram aplicados 40 questionários semi-estruturados, de março a outubro de 2011, entre os pescadores com atividade na SALINOR, em Macau. Temas relacionados a extração de sal e atividade petrolífera nos manguezais e no seu entorno, as informações foram obtidas por levantamento bibliográfico. A pesca artesanal de peneídeos é noturna, com mais de 100 pescadores que exercem sua atividade em dupla e utilizam a tarrafa e luz artificial. A produção média anual de camarão, é em torno de 4kg de camarão/noite/tarrafa, porém, durante a safra, geralmente no último quadrimestre do ano, a produção média é de aproximadamente 20kg de camarão/noite/tarrafa. A espécie com maior participação é Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (61%), seguida de Farfantepenaeus subtilis (24%). Todos os pescadores entrevistados afirmam não estimular seus filhos e netos a exercer a atividade de pesca. É recomendável a continuação desta modalidade de pesca, devido a sua importância socioeconômica, além, da salina funcionar como uma armadilha, não oferecendo aos peneídeos, seu retorno para o mar e, consequentemente, a conclusão do seu ciclo biológico.(AU)

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Angelman syndrome is characterized by severe mental retardation and speech and seizure disorders. This rare genetic condition is associated with changes in GABAA receptor. Patients with Angelman syndrome need to be sedated during an electroencephalogram ordered for diagnostic purposes or evolutionary control. Dexmedetomidine, whose action is independent of GABA receptor, promotes a sleep similar to physiological sleep and can facilitate the performing of this examination in patients with Angelman syndrome. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 14 years old, with Angelman syndrome; electroencephalogram done under sedation with dexmedetomidine. The procedure was uneventful and bradycardia or respiratory depression was not recorded. The examination was successfully interpreted and epileptiform activity was not observed. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine promoted satisfactory sedation, was well tolerated and enabled the interpretation of the electroencephalogram in a patient with Angelman syndrome and seizure disorder.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: a síndrome de Angelman (SA) é caracterizada por retardo mental grave, distúrbio da fala e desordem convulsiva. Essa condição genética rara está associada a alterações do receptor GABA-A. Pacientes portadores de SA necessitam ser sedados durante a feitura de eletroencefalograma (EEG), indicado para fins diagnósticos ou controle evolutivo. A dexmedetomidina, cuja ação independe do receptor GABA, promove sono semelhante ao fisiológico e pode viabilizar a feitura desse exame em pacientes com SA. RELATO DE CASO: paciente feminina, 14 anos, portadora de SA, fez EEG sob sedação com dexmedetomidina. O procedimento transcorreu sem intercorrências e não foi registrada bradicardia ou depressão respiratória. O exame foi interpretado com sucesso e atividade epileptiforme não foi observada. CONCLUSÃO: a dexmedetomidina promoveu sedação satisfatória, foi bem tolerada e possibilitou a interpretação do EEG em paciente com SA e desordem convulsiva.

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BACKGROUND: Sedation for electroencephalography in uncooperative patients is a controversial issue because majority of sedatives, hypnotics, and general anesthetics interfere with the brain's electrical activity. Chloral hydrate (CH) is typically used for this sedation, and dexmedetomidine (DEX) was recently tested because preliminary data suggest that this drug does not affect the electroencephalogram (EEG). The aim of the present study was to compare the EEG pattern during DEX or CH sedation to test the hypothesis that both drugs exert similar effects on the EEG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 patients underwent 2 EEGs on 2 separate occasions, one with DEX and the other with CH. The EEG qualitative variables included the phases of sleep and the background activity. The EEG quantitative analysis was performed during the first 2 minutes of the second stage of sleep. The EEG quantitative variables included density, duration, and amplitude of the sleep spindles and absolute spectral power. RESULTS: The results showed that the qualitative analysis, density, duration, and amplitude of sleep spindles did not differ between DEX and CH sedation. The power of the slow-frequency bands (δ and θ) was higher with DEX, but the power of the faster-frequency bands (α and ß) was higher with CH. The total power was lower with DEX than with CH. CONCLUSIONS: The differences of DEX and CH in EEG power did not change the EEG qualitative interpretation, which was similar with the 2 drugs. Other studies comparing natural sleep and sleep induced by these drugs are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of the observed EEG quantitative differences.

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The analyzed data represent the first pieces of information regarding the abundance of Plesionika edwardsii in the western part of the South Atlantic. Six hundred forty-one individuals were analyzed, 59.6% of them male and 40.4% female animals. Distribution of abundance of the shell length of both genders was single modal. The male animals presented increased occurrence in the class of 16-17 mm, with amplitude between 9 mm and 25 mm (average 17.8 mm), whereas female animals were more frequent in the class of 22 to 23 mm, with variation between 12 mm and 29 mm (average 20.7 mm). The number of male animals was higher in the range of the classes between 8 and 19 mm; no male animals were registered with their length exceeding 25 mm. As of 19 mm the number of female animals was higher than the number of male animals, in all the different classes. The ratio between weight x length showed the determination coefficient r2 = 0.89, with tendency towards an exponential curve. The ratio between the shell length and the overall length showed the coefficient of r2 = 0.93, with tendency towards a logarithmic curve. The female animals were not only larger, but they were also heavier than the male animals, both in the lower sea depths (100-300 m) and in the deeper regions (300-500 m) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The CPUE(Catch per Unit Effort) between 100 and 200 m was significantly higher (P = 0.03). Distribution of the P. edwardsii population was observed in function of the topography of the continental slope of the Brazilian Northeast, which reveals the necessity of further studies on the biology of these and other deep sea species in order to be able to better understand their role in the ecosystem of the ocean.

Os dados analisados representam as primeiras informações sobre a abundância de Plesionika edwardsii, no oeste do Atlântico Sul. Foram analisados 641 indivíduos, sendo 59,6% machos e 40,4% fêmeas. A distribuição da frequência de comprimento da carapaça de ambos os sexos foi unimodal. Os machos exibiram uma moda na classe de 16-17 mm, com amplitude entre 9 mm e 25 mm (média de 17,8 mm), enquanto as fêmeas foram mais frequentes na classe de 22 a 23 mm, variando entre 12 mm e 29 mm (média de 20,7 mm). O número de machos foi superior nos intervalos de classe entre 8 e 19 mm, não ocorrendo macho com comprimento superior a 25 mm. A partir de 19 mm, o número de fêmeas foi superior ao de machos, em todas as classes. A relação peso x comprimento apresentou um coeficiente de determinação r2 = 0,89, com tendência de curva exponencial. A relação entre o comprimento da carapaça e o comprimento total exibiu um coeficiente de r2 = 0,93, com tendência de curva logarítmica. Além de maiores, as fêmeas também foram mais pesadas que os machos, tanto nas menores profundidades (100-300 m), quanto nas maiores (300-500 m) (P = 0,001 e P = 0,001, respectivamente). A CPUE entre 100 e 200 m foi significativamente maior (P = 0,03). Observou-se uma distribuição em função da batimetria do talude do nordeste brasileiro da população de P. edwardsii, o que demonstra a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a biologia desta e de outras espécies de profundidade, para que se possa melhor compreender o seu papel no ecossistema marinho.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The analyzed data represent the first pieces of information regarding the abundance of Plesionika edwardsii in the western part of the South Atlantic. Six hundred forty-one individuals were analyzed, 59.6% of them male and 40.4% female animals. Distribution of abundance of the shell length of both genders was single modal. The male animals presented increased occurrence in the class of 16-17 mm, with amplitude between 9 mm and 25 mm (average 17.8 mm), whereas female animals were more frequent in the class of 22 to 23 mm, with variation between 12 mm and 29 mm (average 20.7 mm). The number of male animals was higher in the range of the classes between 8 and 19 mm; no male animals were registered with their length exceeding 25 mm. As of 19 mm the number of female animals was higher than the number of male animals, in all the different classes. The ratio between weight x length showed the determination coefficient r2 = 0.89, with tendency towards an exponential curve. The ratio between the shell length and the overall length showed the coefficient of r2 = 0.93, with tendency towards a logarithmic curve. The female animals were not only larger, but they were also heavier than the male animals, both in the lower sea depths (100-300 m) and in the deeper regions (300-500 m) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The CPUE(Catch per Unit Effort) between 100 and 200 m was significantly higher (P = 0.03). Distribution of the P. edwardsii population was observed in function of the topography of the continental slope of the Brazilian Northeast, which reveals the necessity of further studies on the biology of these and other deep sea species in order to be able to better understand their role in the ecosystem of the ocean.(AU)

Os dados analisados representam as primeiras informações sobre a abundância de Plesionika edwardsii, no oeste do Atlântico Sul. Foram analisados 641 indivíduos, sendo 59,6% machos e 40,4% fêmeas. A distribuição da frequência de comprimento da carapaça de ambos os sexos foi unimodal. Os machos exibiram uma moda na classe de 16-17 mm, com amplitude entre 9 mm e 25 mm (média de 17,8 mm), enquanto as fêmeas foram mais frequentes na classe de 22 a 23 mm, variando entre 12 mm e 29 mm (média de 20,7 mm). O número de machos foi superior nos intervalos de classe entre 8 e 19 mm, não ocorrendo macho com comprimento superior a 25 mm. A partir de 19 mm, o número de fêmeas foi superior ao de machos, em todas as classes. A relação peso x comprimento apresentou um coeficiente de determinação r2 = 0,89, com tendência de curva exponencial. A relação entre o comprimento da carapaça e o comprimento total exibiu um coeficiente de r2 = 0,93, com tendência de curva logarítmica. Além de maiores, as fêmeas também foram mais pesadas que os machos, tanto nas menores profundidades (100-300 m), quanto nas maiores (300-500 m) (P = 0,001 e P = 0,001, respectivamente). A CPUE entre 100 e 200 m foi significativamente maior (P = 0,03). Observou-se uma distribuição em função da batimetria do talude do nordeste brasileiro da população de P. edwardsii, o que demonstra a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a biologia desta e de outras espécies de profundidade, para que se possa melhor compreender o seu papel no ecossistema marinho.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O material biológico e os dados sobre a produção e esforço de pesca foram coletados no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, da frota de arrasto motorizado. O camarão Xiphopenaeus kroyeri foi estudado em quatro localidades: Porto do Mangue (RN), Baia Formosa (RN), Cabedelo (PB) e Recife (PE). Foram amostrados 14.400 espécimes, sendo 6.267 machos e 8.133 fêmeas; respectivamente, com16,4 mm e 17,8 mmde comprimento médio do cefalotórax.Cerca de 92,4% das fêmeas encontravam-se em fase adulta; o tamanho médio de primeira maturação gonadal das fêmeas foi de aroximadamente13,5 mm de comprimento do cefalotórax; a produção média por unidade de esforço (CPUE) foi de 5,3 kg por hora de arrasto. Nas localidades estudadas, o período principal de recrutamento foi entre fevereiro e junho.O defeso do camarão traz benefícios econômicos, biológicos e ecológicos, porém, na costa brasileira,só não é aplicado nos estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. Para o estado do Ceará, foi recomendado o mesmo defeso aplicado na região norte do Brasil; para os demais estados, o período deve ser o já oficializado nos estados de Alagoas, Sergipe e Bahia.(AU)

The biological sample and the production and catch data were collected during the period January 2008 to December 2009, from the haul of the motorized trawling fleet. The shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeriwas studied in four locations: Porto do Mangue (RN), Baia Formosa (RN), Cabedelo (PB) and Recife (PE). 14,400 specimens were sampled, with 6,267 males and8,133 females, whose average cephalotorax length was 16.4 mm and 17.8 mm respectively. Around 92.4% of the females were adults; the average length of the cephalotoraxof first gonadal maturation females wasapproximately 13.5mm;the average production per unit effort (CPUE) was 5.3kg / trawling hour. In the locations studied, the main period of recruitment was from February to June. Ashrimping season brings economic, biological and ecological benefits, however on the brazilian coast itis not applied in the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba and Pernambuco. This study recommends that Ceará introduce the same shrimping season as the rest of northern Brazil, for the other states, the shrimping seasons hould be as in the states of Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia.(AU)

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RESUMO

Xiphopenaeus kroyerié considerado sobre explotado nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, devido à elevada pressão pesqueira sobre os estoques, com juvenis sendo capturados em águas mais rasas, como praias, baías eenseadas, enquanto que os adultos ocorrem ao redor dos 20 metros. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal das capturas do camarão sete-barbas na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, SC, ao longo de um ciclo anual. Entre julho de 2010 a junho de 2011 foram realizadas coletas mensais nas isóbatas de 10, 20 e 30 metros, com duração de 15 minutos (uma amostra e duas réplicas), a bordo de uma embarcação tipo baleeira. A população de X. kroyeri apresentou flutuações sazonais, com as maiores concentrações e comprimento de adultos observados nos 20 metros. A rara captura de camarões na isóbata de 30 metros, frente ao elevado esforço amostral, indica provavelmente que a espécie não utiliza a isobáta como área de vida na região de estudo. A atuação da frota pesqueira em áreas mais rasas na Armação do Itapocoroy, principalmente no período de recrutamento que se inicia em novembro, gera grande preocupação quanto à manutenção dos estoques, dada a elevada abundância de juvenis nestes locais e a importância destes na continuidade dessa modalidade de pesca.(AU)

Xiphopenaeus kroyeriis considered to be overfished in the southern and southeastern regions, due to intensive fishing, with juveniles being caught in shallower waters, near beaches, in bays and inlets, whilst adults occur at depths of about 20m. This study aims to analyze the space/time distribution of captures of sea-bob-shrimpin the ship-yard/surfzoneof the Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, SC, during one full year. Monthly catches (one sample being divided in two), lasting 15 minutes, wereundertaken at depths of 10, 20 and 30 meters between July 2010 and June 2011, using a whaling-boat. The population ofX. kroyeripresented seasonal variations, the greatest concentrations and adults were observed at 20 metres. The rare caught at 30 meters front of the high sampling effort indicated that the species probably doesn't use this isobath as living area in the study region. The action of the fishing fleet in the shallower areas in Armação Itapocoroy, mainly during recruitment which starts in November, raises concern about the maintenance of species stocks, giventhe high abundance of juveniles in theseshallowsites and their importance in the continuity of this kind of fisheries.(AU)

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RESUMO

Penaeid shrimps are important resources for worldwide fisheries and aquaculture. In Brazil, Xiphopenaeus kroyeriis an important commercially exploited species, and is an ideal animal for studying the impairment caused by the effects of heavy metals that are often detected in coastal areas. The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of Cd and Zn to X.kroyeriand to investigate their effects on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion in different temperatures (25 ºC, 20 ºC, 15 ºC), which have not been carried out in this species before. First of all, we examined the acute toxicity of Cd and Zn to X. kroyeri24, 48, 72, and 96-h medium lethal concentration (LC50). Furthermore, we also found that exposure of shrimp to Cd and Zn caused an inhibition in oxygen consumption of 52.50% and 52.63%, respectively, relative to the control. However, after separate exposure to Cd and Zn, elevations in ammonium excretion were obtained, which were 85.00% and 89.47% higher than the control, respectively. The results shown that Cd and Zn performs higher toxicities toX. kroyeriat higher temperature.(AU)

Os camarões são importantes recursos marinhos explorados pela pesca e aquicultura. No Brasil, Xiphopenaeus kroyerié uma importante espécie comercialmente explorada e um animal ideal para estudar o impacto causado por efeitos de metais pesados que frequentemente são detectados em áreas costeiras. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a toxicidade aguda do Cd e Zn para o X. kroyerie investigar seus efeitos no consumo de oxigênio e na excreção de amônia em diferentes temperaturas, uma vez que tais parâmetros ainda não foram determinados para a referida espécie. Primeiramente, foram determinadas a toxicidade aguda (LC50) do Cd e Zn, para X.kroyeripor um período de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas em três temperaturas (25 ºC, 20 ºC, 15 ºC). Os resultados revelaram que para camarões expostos ao Cd e Zn houve uma inibição do consumo de oxigênio de 52,50% e 52,63%, respectivamente, para a mais baixa temperatura (15 °C). Entretanto, para a excreção de amônia, houve um aumento de 85,00% e 89,47%para a mais alta concentração e temperatura utilizadas em relação ao controle. Conclui-se, portanto, que as toxicidades de Cd e Zn foram mais altas nas temperaturas e concentrações mais elevadas.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Clinical symptoms and radiologic characteristics of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) are non-specific and the condition may be confused with other central nervous system diseases. We report three patients with GC; all the three patients had involvement of more than three lobes and the deep white matter, as well as bilateral involvement. Differentiation of GC from other neurologic diseases involving diffuse white matter may be difficult. However, the diagnosis can be based on the combination of radiologic and histopathologic features.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Heterocarpus ensifer belongs to the family Pandalidae Haworth, 1825, which includes species commonly inhabiting deep waters, thus explaining the relatively scanty information available on its biology. The specimens examined in the present work were collected by the Research Vessel Natureza, belonging to Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros do Litoral Nordeste. The surveys were done from October 14 to November 21, 2000, along the external margin of the continental shelf and slope off northeastern Brazil, using bottom traps as fishing gear. The average length of the carapace and average weight of females and males were 23 mm and 5.6 g and 22.4 mm and 4.8 g, respectively. Females showed significant differences (P=0.001) in carapace length in relation to males, as well as in weight (P=0.004). The average length of the carapace between males and females did not exhibit significant differences (P=0.22 and P=0.24, respectively) in shallow waters (50-300 m), while in deeper waters (300 and 600 m) this difference was significant (P=0.001). The distribution of the fishing effort, as well as the relative abundance of the species by depth did not show significant differences (P=0.93 and P=0.20, respectively). H. ensifer seems to adapt well to different environments, being distributed over a wide range of depths, from 100 to 600 m, exhibiting a trend of greater abundance bet

Heterocarpus ensifer pertence à família Pandalidae Haworth, 1825, que se destaca por abrigar espécies encontradas, normalmente, em águas profundas, e cuja biologia é, por essa razão, pouco conhecida. Os espécimes examinados no presente trabalho foram coligidos utilizando-se o navio de pesquisa Natureza, pertencente ao Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros do Litoral Nordeste. As prospecções foram efetuadas entre 14/10 e 21/11/2000, ao longo da plataforma externa e talude continental brasileiro, empregando-se, como aparelho de pesca, armadilhas de fundo. O comprimento médio da carapaça e peso médio das fêmeas e machos foi de 23 mm e 5,6 g; 22,4 mm e 4,8 g, respectivamente. As fêmeas apresentaram diferenças significativas (P=0,001) no comprimento da carapaça em relação aos machos, assim como em peso (P=0,004). O comprimento médio da carapaça entre machos e fêmeas não exibiu diferenças significativas (P=0,22 e P=0,24, respectivamente) em águas mais rasas (50-300 m), enquanto que, em águas mais profundas (300 e 600 m), esta diferença foi significativa (P=0,001). A distribuição do esforço de pesca, assim como a abundância relativa da espécie, não apresentou diferenças significativas por faixa de profundidade (P=0,93, P=0,20, respectivamente). H. ensifer possui adaptações para viver numa grande faixa de distribuição, pois está distribuído entre 100 e 600 m, exibindo te

RESUMO

Heterocarpus ensifer belongs to the family Pandalidae Haworth, 1825, which includes species commonly inhabiting deep waters, thus explaining the relatively scanty information available on its biology. The specimens examined in the present work were collected by the Research Vessel Natureza, belonging to Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros do Litoral Nordeste. The surveys were done from October 14 to November 21, 2000, along the external margin of the continental shelf and slope off northeastern Brazil, using bottom traps as fishing gear. The average length of the carapace and average weight of females and males were 23 mm and 5.6 g and 22.4 mm and 4.8 g, respectively. Females showed significant differences (P=0.001) in carapace length in relation to males, as well as in weight (P=0.004). The average length of the carapace between males and females did not exhibit significant differences (P=0.22 and P=0.24, respectively) in shallow waters (50-300 m), while in deeper waters (300 and 600 m) this difference was significant (P=0.001). The distribution of the fishing effort, as well as the relative abundance of the species by depth did not show significant differences (P=0.93 and P=0.20, respectively). H. ensifer seems to adapt well to different environments, being distributed over a wide range of depths, from 100 to 600 m, exhibiting a trend of greater abundance bet

Heterocarpus ensifer pertence à família Pandalidae Haworth, 1825, que se destaca por abrigar espécies encontradas, normalmente, em águas profundas, e cuja biologia é, por essa razão, pouco conhecida. Os espécimes examinados no presente trabalho foram coligidos utilizando-se o navio de pesquisa Natureza, pertencente ao Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros do Litoral Nordeste. As prospecções foram efetuadas entre 14/10 e 21/11/2000, ao longo da plataforma externa e talude continental brasileiro, empregando-se, como aparelho de pesca, armadilhas de fundo. O comprimento médio da carapaça e peso médio das fêmeas e machos foi de 23 mm e 5,6 g; 22,4 mm e 4,8 g, respectivamente. As fêmeas apresentaram diferenças significativas (P=0,001) no comprimento da carapaça em relação aos machos, assim como em peso (P=0,004). O comprimento médio da carapaça entre machos e fêmeas não exibiu diferenças significativas (P=0,22 e P=0,24, respectivamente) em águas mais rasas (50-300 m), enquanto que, em águas mais profundas (300 e 600 m), esta diferença foi significativa (P=0,001). A distribuição do esforço de pesca, assim como a abundância relativa da espécie, não apresentou diferenças significativas por faixa de profundidade (P=0,93, P=0,20, respectivamente). H. ensifer possui adaptações para viver numa grande faixa de distribuição, pois está distribuído entre 100 e 600 m, exibindo te