RESUMO
We tested the hypothesis that increasing the exercise dose or changing the exercise mode would augment hypotensive effects when traditional aerobic exercise training failed to produce it in postmenopausal women. Sixty-five postmenopausal women with essential hypertension were randomly allocated into the continuous aerobic training (CAT) and non-exercising control (CON) groups. CAT group cycled at moderate intensity 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Individuals who failed to decrease systolic blood pressure (BP) were classified as non-responders (n = 34) and performed an additional 12 weeks of exercise training with either increasing the exercise dose or changing the exercise mode. The 3 follow-up groups were continuous aerobic training 3 times a week, continuous aerobic training 4 times a week, and high-intensity interval training. After the first 12 weeks of exercise training, systolic BP decreased by 1.5 mmHg (NS) with a wide range of inter-individual responses (-23 to 23 mmHg). Sixty-seven percent of women who were initially classified as non-responders participated in the second training period. Sixty percent of women who participated in continuous exercise training 3 or 4 times a week at greater exercise intensities reduced systolic BP. All (100%) of the women who performed high-intensity interval training experienced significant reductions in systolic BP. Traditional aerobic exercise was not sufficient to decrease BP significantly in the majority of postmenopausal women. However, those women who were not sensitive to recommended exercise may reduce BP if they were exposed to continuous aerobic exercise at higher intensities and/or volumes or a different mode of exercise.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Exercício Físico , Hipertensão , Pós-Menopausa , Humanos , Feminino , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Hipertensão/terapia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Idoso , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The general population and workers are exposed to organophosphate insecticides, one of the leading chemical classes of pesticides used in rural and urban areas, in the control of arboviruses and agriculture. These pesticides cause environmental/occupational exposure and associated risks to human and environmental health. The objective of this study was to carry out an integrative review of epidemiological studies that identified and quantified dialkylphosphate metabolites in the urine of exposed populations, focusing on the vector control workers, discussing the application and the results found. Searches utilized the Pubmed, Scielo, and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) databases between 2000 and 2021. From the 194 selected studies, 75 (39%) were with children/adolescents, 48 (24%) with rural workers, 36 (19%) with the general population, 27 (14%) with pregnant women, and 9 (4%) with vector control workers. The total dialkylphosphate concentrations found in the occupationally exposed population were higher than in the general population. Studies demonstrate that dialkylphosphates are sensitive and representative exposure biomarkers for environmental and occupational organophosphate exposure. The work revealed a lack of studies with vector control workers and a lack of studies in developing countries.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Exposição Ocupacional , Praguicidas , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Monitoramento Ambiental , Compostos Organofosforados , Exposição Ambiental/análise , OrganofosfatosRESUMO
Complex diseases are associated with the effects of multiple genes, proteins, and biological pathways. In this context, the tools of Network Medicine are compatible as a platform to systematically explore not only the molecular complexity of a specific disease but may also lead to the identification of disease modules and pathways. Such an approach enables us to gain a better understanding of how environmental chemical exposures affect the function of human cells, providing better perceptions about the mechanisms involved and helping to monitor/prevent exposure and disease to chemicals such as benzene and malathion. We selected differentially expressed genes for exposure to benzene and malathion. The construction of interaction networks was carried out using GeneMANIA and STRING. Topological properties were calculated using MCODE, BiNGO, and CentiScaPe, and a Benzene network composed of 114 genes and 2415 interactions was obtained. After topological analysis, five networks were identified. In these subnets, the most interconnected nodes were identified as: IL-8, KLF6, KLF4, JUN, SERTAD1, and MT1H. In the Malathion network, composed of 67 proteins and 134 interactions, HRAS and STAT3 were the most interconnected nodes. Path analysis, combined with various types of high-throughput data, reflects biological processes more clearly and comprehensively than analyses involving the evaluation of individual genes. We emphasize the central roles played by several important hub genes obtained by exposure to benzene and malathion.
Assuntos
Benzeno , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Benzeno/toxicidade , Malation/toxicidade , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Perfilação da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
Cashew tree gum is a polysaccharide material highly available in the Northeast region of Brazil. It has been explored for biocompatibility with human tissues. This research aimed to describe the synthesis and characterization of cashew gum/hydroxyapatite scaffold and evaluate the possible cytotoxicity in murine adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultures. ADSCs of the subcutaneous fat tissue of Wistar rats were collected, isolated, expanded, differentiated into three strains, and characterized immunophenotypically. The scaffolds were synthesized through chemical precipitation, lyophilized and characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG and DTG), and mechanical testing. The scaffold presented a crystalline structure and pores with an average diameter of 94.45 ± 50.57 µm. By mechanical tests, the compressive force and modulus of elasticity were like the cancellous bone. The isolated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) presented fibroblast morphology, adhesion capacity to plastic, differentiation in osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages, positive expression for the CD105 and CD90 markers and negative expression for the CD45 and CD14 markers. The MTT test showed increased cell viability, and the biomaterial showed a high level of hemocompatibility (<5 %). This study allowed the development of a new scaffold for future surgical applicability in tissue regeneration.
Assuntos
Anacardium , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Ratos , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Árvores , Durapatita , Ratos Wistar , Diferenciação Celular , Osteogênese , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Engenharia Tecidual/métodosRESUMO
Objetivo: descrever as experiências vivenciadas pelos residentes do Programa de Residência em Atenção Básica da Escola Multicampi de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, no decorrer do período de enfrentamento à pandemia, em um Centro de Referência para COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de um relato de experiência, descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, baseado na atuação e em ações realizadas pelos residentes, entre os meses de maio a julho de 2021, no município de Caicó, no Rio Grande do Norte. Resultados: durante esse período, os residentes atuaram na realização de testes por RT-PCR, testes rápidos e sorologias, além da detecção e acompanhamento dos casos suspeitos/confirmados da doença e, além disso, informações, consultas e resultados expressos. Considerações finais: essa experiência proporcionou aos residentes a socialização do conhecimento apreendido nesse cenário da pandemia da COVID-19, como agentes propagadores de informações, além de possibilitar a atuação dos residentes tanto na assistência direta quanto no gerenciamento das atividades do serviço de saúde em questão.
RESUMO
O câncer de mama tem maior incidência em mulheres no Brasil. A mastectomia é uma das possibilidades de tratamento, porém com repercussões na saúde física e psíquica da mulher. Foi objetivo desta pesquisa descrever os principais impactos da mastectomia em mulheres acolhidas na Associação de Apoio à Pessoa com Câncer (AAPC) na Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado com dez mulheres entre 32 e 63 anos, mastectomizadas e que frequentavam a associação. Foi realizada entrevista semisestruturada individual, e os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Após análise, foram extraídas três categorias: (1) sentimentos diante do diagnóstico e tratamento da neoplasia; (2) luto simbólico e impactos na autoestima das mulheres mastectomizadas; e (3) estratégias de enfrentamento diante da mastectomia. Os sentimentos identificados foram tristeza, medo, desespero, aceitação, fé e esperança. Houve vivência do luto simbólico e impacto na autoestima devido à mastectomia e perda de cabelo. Já as estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecimento foram o fortalecimento de redes de apoio, a espiritualidade, a significação do processo via trabalho voluntário e o apoio da equipe de saúde. Conclui-se que são muitos os impactos psicológicos do adoecimento e do tratamento, sendo o acompanhamento psicológico um cuidado potencial.
Breast cancer has the highest incidence in women in Brazil. Mastectomy is one of the treatment possibilities but with repercussions on the physical and psychological health of the woman. This research aimed to describe the main impacts of mastectomy in women welcomed at the Cancer Support Association (AAPC) in Bahia. This is a qualitative, descriptive study carried out with ten women between 32 and 63 years old, who underwent mastectomy and who attended the association. An individual semi-structured interview was carried out, and the data were analyzed by using Bardin's content analysis technique. After analysis, three categories were extracted: (1) feelings about the diagnosis and treatment of the neoplasm; (2) symbolic mourning and impacts on mastectomy women's self-esteem; and (3) coping strategies in face of mastectomy. The feelings identified were sadness, fear, despair, acceptance, faith, and hope. Symbolic mourning and impact on self-esteem due to mastectomy and hair loss were experienced. The strategies for coping with illness were the strengthening of support networks, spirituality, giving meaning to the process with volunteer work and the support from the health team. In conclusion, the psychological impacts of illness and treatment are many, and psychological support is a potential care.
El cáncer de mama tiene mayor incidencia en mujeres en Brasil. La mastectomía es una de las posibilidades de tratamiento, pero con repercusiones en la salud física y psíquica de la mujer. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los principales impactos de la mastectomía en mujeres acogidas en la Associação de Apoio à Pessoa com Câncer (AAPC) en Bahia. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, realizado con diez mujeres entre 32 y 63 años, operadas de mastectomía y que asistían a la asociación. Se realizó una entrevista individual semiestructurada y se analizaron los datos mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Después del análisis, se extrajeron tres categorías: (1) sentimientos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neoplasia; (2) duelo simbólico e impactos en la autoestima de mujeres mastectomizadas; y estrategias de afrontamiento ante la mastectomía. Los sentimientos identificados fueron tristeza, miedo, desesperación, aceptación, fe y esperanza. Hubo vivencia de duelo simbólico e impacto en la autoestima por mastectomía y caída del cabello. A su vez, las estrategias de enfrentamiento de la enfermedad fueron el fortalecimiento de las redes de apoyo, la espiritualidad, el sentido del proceso a través del trabajo voluntario y el apoyo del equipo de salud. Se concluye que hay muchos impactos psicológicos de la enfermedad y el tratamiento, siendo el apoyo psicológico un cuidado potencial.
Assuntos
Humanos , FemininoRESUMO
Although technically simple, surgical correction of patent ductus arteriosus can have serious complications. In this context, acute ventricular failure must be remembered, as its prompt diagnosis and proper management can change clinical outcomes.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração , Humanos , Ligadura , SíndromeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Although technically simple, surgical correction of patent ductus arteriosus can have serious complications. In this context, acute ventricular failure must be remembered, as its prompt diagnosis and proper management can change clinical outcomes.
RESUMO
Gasoline is a complex mixture of substances, including aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are emitted into the air, with the special relevance of benzene since it is provenly carcinogenic. The study aimed to assess BTEX concentrations in filling stations in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to calculate the cancer risk associated with such exposures. Two types of sampling were performed (stationary and mobile), adapted from methodology n. 1,501 (U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) for aromatic hydrocarbons, in six filling stations in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Stationary sampling was done near the fuel pumps, while mobile sampling was done in the breathing zone of the workers (station attendants) as they moved around the station. The samples were analyzed with gas chromatography flame ionization detector. The sampling results were used to calculate the health risk, using the indicators Hazard quotient (HQ) and Cancer risk (CR) to assess the possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects, respectively, in filling station workers. Environmental concentrations for the most of the BTEX compounds were below the recommended limits, except for benzene, a carcinogenic compound, which displayed concentrations far above the limits, leading to high cancer risk values. The results showed that there are health risks for filling station attendants, especially the risk of developing cancer from excessive exposure to benzene.
A gasolina é uma mistura complexa de substâncias, dentre elas estão hidrocarbonetos como o benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX), sendo esses compostos emitidos para a atmosfera, com destaque ao benzeno, por ser comprovadamente carcinogênico. Objetivamos avaliar as concentrações de BTEX no ar de postos de revenda de combustíveis no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e calcular o risco de câncer associado a estas exposições. Foram realizados dois tipos de amostragem (fixa e móvel) adaptadas da metodologia nº 1.501 do Instituto Nacional de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional (Estados Unidos), em seis postos de revenda de combustíveis na Zona Oeste da cidade. A amostragem fixa foi feita próxima às bombas de combustível, enquanto a móvel foi realizada através da coleta do ar na zona respiratória dos trabalhadores (frentistas), conforme estes se deslocavam pelo posto. As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama. Com os resultados das amostragens foram feitos os cálculos de risco à saúde, usando os indicadores Quociente de perigo (HQ) e Risco de câncer (CR), para avaliar os possíveis efeitos não-carcinogênicos e carcinogênicos, respectivamente, nos trabalhadores dos postos de revenda de combustíveis. As concentrações ambientais para a maioria dos compostos BTEX foram abaixo dos limites preconizados, menos para o benzeno, um composto carcinogênico, que apresentou concentrações muito acima dos limites, levando a altos valores de risco de câncer. Os resultados demonstraram que há riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores de postos de revenda de combustíveis, principalmente o risco de desenvolver câncer, devido à exposição excessiva ao benzeno.
La gasolina es una mezcla compleja de sustancias, entre ellas existen hidrocarburos como el benceno, tolueno, etilbenceno y xilenos (BTEX), emitiéndose estos compuestos a la atmósfera, donde se destaca el benceno, al tratarse de un carcinogénico comprobado. Los objetivos fueron evaluar las concentraciones de BTEX en el aire de puestos de reventa de combustibles, en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, así como calcular el riesgo de cáncer asociado a estas exposiciones. Se realizaron dos tipos de muestra (fija y movible), adaptadas de la metodología nº 1.501 del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud Laboral (EE.UU.), en seis puestos de reventa de combustibles de la zona oeste de la ciudad. La muestra fija se realizó cerca de las bombas de combustible, mientras que la móvil se hizo mediante tomas de aire en la zona respiratoria de los trabajadores (de la gasolinera), a medida que estos se desplazaban por el lugar de trabajo. Las muestras se analizaron por cromatografía gaseosa con detección por ionización en llama. Junto a los resultados de las muestras, se realizaron cálculos de riesgo para la salud, usando los indicadores Cociente de peligro (HQ) y Riesgo de cáncer (CR), con el fin de evaluar los posibles efectos no-carcinogénicos y carcinogénicos, respectivamente, en los trabajadores de los puestos de reventa de combustibles. Las concentraciones ambientales para la mayoría de los compuestos BTEX estuvieron por debajo de los limites preconizados, menos en el caso del benceno, un compuesto carcinogénico, que presentó concentraciones muy por encima de los límites, llevando a altos valores de riesgo de cáncer. Los resultados demostraron que existen riesgos para la salud de los trabajadores de puestos de reventa de combustibles, principalmente, riesgo de desarrollar cáncer, debido a la exposición excesiva al benceno.
Assuntos
Benzeno , Xilenos , Benzeno/análise , Benzeno/toxicidade , Derivados de Benzeno , Brasil , Humanos , Tolueno/análise , Tolueno/toxicidade , Estados Unidos , Xilenos/análise , Xilenos/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The devastating Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a high prothrombotic state. It is unclear if the coagulation abnormalities occur because of the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 or indirectly by the cytokine storm and endothelial damage or by a combination of mechanisms. There is a clear indication of in-hospital pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for every patient with COVID-19 after bleed risk assessment. However, there is much debate regarding the best dosage regimen, and there is no consensus on the role of extended thromboprophylaxis. DESIGN: This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily for 35 ± 4 days versus no intervention after hospital discharge in COVID-19 patients who were at increased risk for VTE and have received standard parenteral VTE prophylaxis during hospitalization. The composite efficacy endpoint is a combination of symptomatic VTE, VTE-related death, VTE detected by bilateral lower limbs venous duplex scan and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram on day 35 ± 4 posthospital discharge and symptomatic arterial thromboembolism (myocardial infarction, nonhemorrhagic stroke, major adverse limb events, and cardiovascular death) up to day 35 ± 4 posthospital discharge. The key safety outcome is the incidence of major bleeding according to ISTH criteria. SUMMARY: The MICHELLE trial is expected to provide high-quality evidence around the role of extended thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 and will help guide medical decisions in clinical practice.1.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Inibidores do Fator Xa/administração & dosagem , Rivaroxabana/administração & dosagem , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Brasil , Esquema de Medicação , Inibidores do Fator Xa/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Rivaroxabana/efeitos adversos , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Exercise training has been shown to blunt many of the physiological declines and common diseases of the aging process. One such beneficial effect is the reduction of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive older adults. However, there is no consensus about which benefits of aerobic (AT) or resistance training (RT) may be lost by the use of combined training (CT) or even what benefits could be acquired only by performing CT, considering the extensive health needs of older adults with hypertension. Thus, we performed an umbrella meta-analysis. The benefits conferred by CT are extensive and encompass cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and blood lipid profile improvements. CT may be recommended to improve the extensive health needs of hypertensive older adults that go beyond blood pressure reduction.
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Hipertensão , Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Hipertensão/terapia , Aptidão FísicaRESUMO
The northern and northeastern portion of the Todos os Santos Bay (TSB) is known for the presence of an oil refinery in addition to the development of other activities with significant potential for impact on the environment. 30 samples of superficial mangrove sediment were collected in two different locations: on the banks of the São Paulo River near the Landulpho Alves Mataripe Refinery (RLAM) and at Caboto Beach, a place that was once a control point in studies of metal pollution. After the determination of potentially toxic elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, Zn), the quality of the sediment was evaluated using the concentrations of these elements associated with geochemical parameters (TOC, P, S, and granulometry). In this way, the pollution indexes (EF, Igeo, PN) were calculated in addition to the comparison with the guide values for the sediment quality (TEL, PEL, ERL, ERM). Among the elements analyzed, Cu also showed levels (92.71-97.54 mg kg-1) very close to PEL (108 mg kg-1). At 13 sampling points, Cr concentrations were higher (56.16-66.01 mg kg-1) than TEL (52.3 mg kg-1). Ba showed significant concentrations in 6 samples collected on the São Paulo River, a region close to the oil refining area. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that most elements did not show enrichment, except for Zn. Through Igeo there was a tendency towards serious pollution of Ba, Cu, and Zn; moderately polluted by Cr. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Spearman's classification showed a correlation greater than 70% between the variables. According to Nemerow Synthetic Pollution (PN), both areas are polluted by Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, V, and Zn.
Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
A gasolina é uma mistura complexa de substâncias, dentre elas estão hidrocarbonetos como o benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX), sendo esses compostos emitidos para a atmosfera, com destaque ao benzeno, por ser comprovadamente carcinogênico. Objetivamos avaliar as concentrações de BTEX no ar de postos de revenda de combustíveis no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e calcular o risco de câncer associado a estas exposições. Foram realizados dois tipos de amostragem (fixa e móvel) adaptadas da metodologia nº 1.501 do Instituto Nacional de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional (Estados Unidos), em seis postos de revenda de combustíveis na Zona Oeste da cidade. A amostragem fixa foi feita próxima às bombas de combustível, enquanto a móvel foi realizada através da coleta do ar na zona respiratória dos trabalhadores (frentistas), conforme estes se deslocavam pelo posto. As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama. Com os resultados das amostragens foram feitos os cálculos de risco à saúde, usando os indicadores Quociente de perigo (HQ) e Risco de câncer (CR), para avaliar os possíveis efeitos não-carcinogênicos e carcinogênicos, respectivamente, nos trabalhadores dos postos de revenda de combustíveis. As concentrações ambientais para a maioria dos compostos BTEX foram abaixo dos limites preconizados, menos para o benzeno, um composto carcinogênico, que apresentou concentrações muito acima dos limites, levando a altos valores de risco de câncer. Os resultados demonstraram que há riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores de postos de revenda de combustíveis, principalmente o risco de desenvolver câncer, devido à exposição excessiva ao benzeno.
Gasoline is a complex mixture of substances, including aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are emitted into the air, with the special relevance of benzene since it is provenly carcinogenic. The study aimed to assess BTEX concentrations in filling stations in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to calculate the cancer risk associated with such exposures. Two types of sampling were performed (stationary and mobile), adapted from methodology n. 1,501 (U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) for aromatic hydrocarbons, in six filling stations in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Stationary sampling was done near the fuel pumps, while mobile sampling was done in the breathing zone of the workers (station attendants) as they moved around the station. The samples were analyzed with gas chromatography flame ionization detector. The sampling results were used to calculate the health risk, using the indicators Hazard quotient (HQ) and Cancer risk (CR) to assess the possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects, respectively, in filling station workers. Environmental concentrations for the most of the BTEX compounds were below the recommended limits, except for benzene, a carcinogenic compound, which displayed concentrations far above the limits, leading to high cancer risk values. The results showed that there are health risks for filling station attendants, especially the risk of developing cancer from excessive exposure to benzene.
La gasolina es una mezcla compleja de sustancias, entre ellas existen hidrocarburos como el benceno, tolueno, etilbenceno y xilenos (BTEX), emitiéndose estos compuestos a la atmósfera, donde se destaca el benceno, al tratarse de un carcinogénico comprobado. Los objetivos fueron evaluar las concentraciones de BTEX en el aire de puestos de reventa de combustibles, en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, así como calcular el riesgo de cáncer asociado a estas exposiciones. Se realizaron dos tipos de muestra (fija y movible), adaptadas de la metodología nº 1.501 del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud Laboral (EE.UU.), en seis puestos de reventa de combustibles de la zona oeste de la ciudad. La muestra fija se realizó cerca de las bombas de combustible, mientras que la móvil se hizo mediante tomas de aire en la zona respiratoria de los trabajadores (de la gasolinera), a medida que estos se desplazaban por el lugar de trabajo. Las muestras se analizaron por cromatografía gaseosa con detección por ionización en llama. Junto a los resultados de las muestras, se realizaron cálculos de riesgo para la salud, usando los indicadores Cociente de peligro (HQ) y Riesgo de cáncer (CR), con el fin de evaluar los posibles efectos no-carcinogénicos y carcinogénicos, respectivamente, en los trabajadores de los puestos de reventa de combustibles. Las concentraciones ambientales para la mayoría de los compuestos BTEX estuvieron por debajo de los limites preconizados, menos en el caso del benceno, un compuesto carcinogénico, que presentó concentraciones muy por encima de los límites, llevando a altos valores de riesgo de cáncer. Los resultados demostraron que existen riesgos para la salud de los trabajadores de puestos de reventa de combustibles, principalmente, riesgo de desarrollar cáncer, debido a la exposición excesiva al benceno.
Assuntos
Humanos , Xilenos/análise , Xilenos/toxicidade , Benzeno/análise , Benzeno/toxicidade , Tolueno/análise , Tolueno/toxicidade , Estados Unidos , Derivados de Benzeno , BrasilRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High-fluoride dentifrice is used to manage root caries, but there is no evidence whether its association with nanohydroxyapatite could provide an additional protection for root caries. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the effect of an experimental dentifrice with high fluoride (F-) concentration and nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) on root dentin demineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After formulation of dentifrices, root dentin specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10) using different dentifrice treatments: placebo; nano-HA without F-; 1,100 µg F-/g; 1,100 µg F-/g + nano-HA; 5,000 µg F-/g; and 5,000 µg F-/g + nano-HA. A pH cycling model was performed for 10 days, in which treatments were performed twice a day. After that period, the longitudinal hardness was evaluated and the area of demineralization (ΔS) was calculated. The formulated dentifrices were evaluated for primary stability, cytotoxicity, and other technical parameters. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with p set at 5% were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The experimental dentifrices were stable and had no cytotoxicity. Regarding dentin demineralization, the placebo group significantly increased ΔS compared to all other treatment groups (p<0.001). The dentifrices containing 5,000 µg F-/g, regardless of the presence of nano-HA, led to a smaller lesion area in relation to the other treatments (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that nano-HA reduced dentin demineralization, and dentifrice with 5,000 µg F-/g dentifrices, regardless of the presence of nano-HA, showed a greater reduction in root dentin demineralization.
Assuntos
Dentifrícios/química , Dentifrícios/farmacologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Durapatita/química , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Animais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Gengiva/citologia , Dureza , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Desmineralização do Dente/tratamento farmacológico , Raiz Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
In this present paper, the distribution of toxic metals and sediment quality were evaluated in five sampling points of the Itapicuru-Mirim River located in the city of Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. The concentration of the elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined from sediment samples collected from the superficial layer (0-10 cm) in November 2013. After the samples' total decomposition, the total concentration of metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), except for Hg, which was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES). A geochemical evaluation of sediment quality was performed using enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLIThe results of the total concentrations in the analyzed sediment samples were compared with the threshold effect levels (TELs) and probable (PELs) effect levels (PELs) in sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). For the fraction <75 µm, the decreasing order for the metal concentrations was (ppm): Fe (10.86%) > Mn (120.8) > Cr (122) > Zn (76.5) > Pb (49.6) > Cu (32.6) > Ni (28.6) > Hg (0.31) > Cd (0.13). Igeo suggested a moderate to seriously polluted category for Hg and moderately polluted for Cu. Generally, the results indicated probable risks to the biota caused by Cr, Ni, Pb, and Hg metals. However, only Hg, Cd, and Cu were of anthropogenic origin. Although the sediments are relatively preserved from pollution by these metals, there is a progressive deterioration of this compartment downstream of the Itapicuru-Mirim River in the city of Jacobina.
Assuntos
Metais Pesados/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Ouro , Mineração , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Resumo: Este artigo trabalhará a discussão quanto a pluralidade ou unidade da psicologia. Destacaremos como este tema se projetou no cenário dos países francófonos ao longo do século passado. Como contraponto, investigaremos os modos de articulação produzidos pelos saberes e práticas psicológicos, através dos atuais Estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, a partir da Teoria Ator-Rede e da Epistemologia Política. Examinaremos os modos de engajamento que certas técnicas terapêuticas produzem no intercurso com diversos atores humanos, mas igualmente com dispositivos sociotécnicos. Estas técnicas terapêuticas estão sendo acompanhadas na Divisão de Psicologia Aplicada da UFRJ desde 2010 por meio de: descrições dos artefatos presentes em certas práticas terapêuticas e dos dispositivos nela presentes; entrevistas com pessoas em entrada e intercurso de terapia, estagiários, orientadores e responsáveis pela triagem; e observações etnográficas em sessões de supervisão de abordagens diversas. Por meio dos resultados destas pesquisas, discutiremos as formas de conexão das práticas psi.
Resumen: Este artículo trabajará en la discusión sobre la pluralidad o unidad de la psicología. Vamos a destacar cómo este tema fue proyectado en el escenario de los países francófonos a lo largo del último siglo. Como contrapunto, investigaremos los modos de articulación producidos por los saberes y prácticas psicológicas, a través de los actuales Estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, basados en la Teoría Actor-Red y en la Epistemología Política. Examinaremos los modos de compromiso que ciertas técnicas terapéuticas producen en el intercurso con varios actores humanos, pero también con dispositivos sociotécnicos. Estas técnicas terapéuticas vienen siendo acompañadas en la División de Psicología Aplicada de la UFRJ desde 2010 por medio de: descripciones de los artefactos presentes en determinadas prácticas terapéuticas y de los dispositivos presentes; entrevistas con personas en renta y pasantía de terapia, pasantes, consejeros y responsables de la selección; y observaciones etnográficas en sesiones de supervisión de diversos enfoques. A través de los resultados de estas investigaciones, discutiremos las formas de conectar prácticas psi.
Abstract: This paper will discuss the plurality or unity of psychology. We will highlight how this theme was projected in the francophone countries scenery over the past century. As counterpoint we will investigate the ways of articulation produced by psychological knowledges and practices through the recent Science, Technology and Society Studies, from Actor-Network Theory and from Political-Epistemology. We will examine the modalities of engagement that certain therapeutic techniques produce in the relation with diverse human actors and socio technical devices. These therapeutic techniques are being accompanied in UFRJ's Division of Applied Psychology since 2010 through: the description of the artifacts present in certain therapeutic practices and of the devices present in those; interviews with people entering and under therapy, trainees, mentors and the ones responsible for the screening; and ethnographic observations in supervision sessions of diverse approaches. Through the obtained results, we will discuss the ways of connection of psi practices.
RESUMO
Esta pesquisa objetivou, tendo como base os desenvolvimentos de Foucault e Rose acerca da governamentalidade liberal, avaliar como certas práticas específicas da psicologia contemporânea se engajam nos modos de governo atuais. Valendo-nos dos resultados produzidos por Rose, acerca dos períodos de estabelecimento da psicologia do trabalho em contexto britânico e norte-americano, buscamos entender como se deu esse processo no Brasil. Para tal, investigamos produções acadêmicas publicadas nacionalmente que tratassem sobre a questão do trabalho: os Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicotécnica e materiais publicados no Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade do Brasil. Não foi possível adequar os documentos investigados à periodização de Rose, levando-nos a desenvolver nosso próprio esquema classificatório. Ademais, os resultados parciais da pesquisa ainda em início apontaram para uma predominância nos anos 1949-1965 de artigos de estilo disciplinar e centrado na produção
This research's objective was, based on Foucault's and Rose's discussion on liberal governamentality, to inquire on how certain specific contemporary psychological practices engage in nowadays modes of government. Having Rose's results about the periods of establishment of work psychology in North American and British contexts in mind, we sought to understand how this process occurred in Brazil. For that, we investigated national academic productions that treated about the issue of work: the Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicotécnic and material published on the Institute of Psychology of University of Brasil. It was not possible to adequate the investigated documents to Rose's periodization, what led us to develop our own classification. Furthermore, the partial results of this research that is still in the beginning pointed out for a predominance of disciplinar and centred in the production style in the years 1949-1965
Basada en los desarrollos de Foucault y Rose sobre la gubernamentalidad liberal, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar cómo ciertas prácticas específicas de la psicología contemporánea se involucran en los modos de gobierno actuales. A partir de los resultados producidos por Rose sobre los períodos de establecimiento de la psicología del trabajo en el contexto británico y estadounidense, buscamos comprender cómo se llevó a cabo este proceso en Brasil. Con este fin, investigamos las producciones académicas publicadas a nivel nacional que trataron el tema del trabajo: los Archivos Brasileños de Psicotécnica y los materiales publicados en el Instituto de Psicología de la Universidad de Brasil. No fue posible adaptar los documentos investigados a la periodización de Rose, lo que nos llevó a desarrollar nuestro propio esquema de clasificación. Además, los resultados parciales de las primeras investigaciones apuntaron a un predominio en los artículos de estilo disciplinario y centrado en la producción de 1949-1965
Assuntos
Política , Psicologia/história , Trabalho/psicologia , Publicação Periódica , Governo/história , BrasilRESUMO
Ascending aortic aneurysm is usually associated with aortic valve diseases, especially aortic stenosis. The standard technique involves the substitution of the dilated aortic segment with a Dacron tube and replacement of the aortic valve with a regular prosthesis. The correction of ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic valve replacement using the new sutureless and rapid deployment prosthesis was performed by a minimally invasive approach and for the first time in a Brazilian Center.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos sem Sutura/métodos , Brasil , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene from fuels is a major cause for concern for national and international authorities, as benzene is a known carcinogen in humans and there is no safe limit for exposure to carcinogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of chronic occupational exposure to benzene among two groups of workers: filling station workers (Group I) and security guards working at vehicles entrances (Group II), both on the same busy highway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sociodemographic data on the workers were evaluated; the concentration of benzene/toluene (B/T) in atmospheric air and individual trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) were measured; oxidative stress was analyzed by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiol groups (THIOL) and malondialdehyde (MDA); genotoxicity was measured by metaphases with chromosomal abnormalities (MCA) and nuclear abnormalities, comet assay using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (C-FPG), and methylation of repetitive element LINE-1, CDKN2B and KLF6 genes. Eighty-six workers participated: 51 from Group I and 35 from Group II. The B/T ratio was similar for both groups, but Group I had greater oscillation of benzene concentrations because of their work activities. No differences in ttMA and S-PMA, and no clinical changes were found between both groups, but linearity was observed between leukocyte count and ttMA; and 15% of workers had leukocyte counts less than 4.5 × 109 cells L-1, demanding close worker's attention. No differences were observed between the two groups for THIOL, MDA, MCA, or nuclear abnormalities. A multiple linear relationship was obtained for the biomarkers MCA and C-FPG. A significant correlation was found between length of time in current job and the biomarkers C-FPG, MCA, GST, and MDA. Although both populations had chronic exposure to benzene, the filling station workers were exposed to higher concentrations of benzene during their work activities, indicating an increased risk of DNA damage.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/toxicidade , Benzeno/toxicidade , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Acetilcisteína/análogos & derivados , Acetilcisteína/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Benzeno/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Brasil , Carcinógenos/análise , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Ensaio Cometa , Dano ao DNA , Monitoramento Ambiental , Feminino , Glutationa Transferase/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tolueno/análise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Ascending aortic aneurysm is usually associated with aortic valve diseases, especially aortic stenosis. The standard technique involves the substitution of the dilated aortic segment with a Dacron tube and replacement of the aortic valve with a regular prosthesis. The correction of ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic valve replacement using the new sutureless and rapid deployment prosthesis was performed by a minimally invasive approach and for the first time in a Brazilian Center.