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Teredinids are bivalves mollusks considered the most abundant of invertebrates group of marine wood borers performing an important role in the mangrove environment. This study aimed to characterize the Teredinidae species from the Acaraú River estuary in Ceará and analyse the relationship between the mangrove plant structure and the distribution of Teredinidae, according to gradients estuaries: vertical (flooding) and horizontal (salinity). The collection of mangrove logs with Teredinidae happened in three places within the estuary (inner, median, and upper); in each area, three transects were traced in which three plots were lined off, and a total of 40 logs were collected. Teredinidae species were found and identified: Nausitora fusticula; Neoteredo reynei; Teredo turnerae; Teredo cf. bartschi; Bankia bipennata; Bankia gouldi; Lirodus massa and Lyrodus cf. bipartitus. The Lyrodus cf. bipartitus, Bankia gouldi, and Teredo cf. bartschi species were registered for the first time in Ceará. The distribution and species richness of Teredinidae were directly related to the vertical gradient (flooding) and heterogeneity of the mangrove forest habitat. The data presented here are essential for comprehending the mechanisms responsible for the distribution patterns of the Teredinidae species in the mangrove, contributing to biodiversity conservation in Ceará coastal zones.

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Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), a highly contagious virus, affects dogs worldwide. Infected animals present severe and acute gastroenteritis which may culminate in death. CPV-2 VP2 protein is responsible for important biological functions related to virus-host interactions. Herein we obtained VP2 full-length gene sequences from Brazilian dogs with bloody diarrhea (n=15) and vaccine strains (n=7) produced by seven different laboratories and marketed in Brazil. All wild sequences and one vaccine strain were classified as CPV-2b and six vaccines were the classic CVP-2. Mutations in VP2 protein from vaccine and wild strains obtained in Brazil and worldwide were analyzed (n=906). Amino acid sequences from vaccine strains remarkably diverge from each other, even that classic CPV-2. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP2 gene and conducted with sequences displaying mutations in epitope regions previously described shows that vaccine strains are distantly related from the wide range of wild CPV-2. The impact of amino acid mutations over VP2 protein structure shows that vaccine and wild strains obtained in this study diverge in loop 3, an epitope region that plays a role in the CPV-2 host range. This is the first analysis of CPV-2 VP2 from commercial vaccine strains in Brazil and wild ones from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and the first detailed attempt to vaccinal VP2 molecular and structural analyses.

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Beef cattle production has a large variety of systems with different performance and technology levels. This study compared young Angus steers carcass and meat quality traits of high growth potential early-finished animals fed exclusively on pasture with low growth potential late-finished animals. Besides the grazed forage, the low growth potential group received corn grain at 0.8% of their body weight right after the slaughtering of the first group. Following weaning, the 20 steers grazed pastures composed of oat, ryegrass, and clovers. At winter's onset, animals were moved to native pastures improved with fescue and clovers. The supplemented period of late steers began when the first group of ten early-finished animals reached the requirements for slaughter. Supplementation ended when the animals got the slaughter requirements. The high growth potential steers showed a ribeye area (P < 0.0001) and a Longissimus muscle width highly significantly (P < 0.0001) superior to the low growth group. However, corn-supplemented animals showed better dressing percentage (P < 0.0001), subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.0001), marbling (P < 0.0001), and muscle (P = 0.0033) scores, but lower shear force (P = 0.0001). The finishing system did impact fat lightness (L*; P = 0.0234) at the slaughter time. Grass-fed animals showed higher red-green color parameter (a*) values than corn supplemented on fat at 24 h (P = 0.0439) but lower hue angle (P = 0.0418). The consumer panel showed better results for tenderness and general acceptability for supplemented animals beef compared to grass-fed. The supplementation resulted in a higher carcass standardization. It also provided higher PUFA: MUFA and n-6: n-3 ratios, and a higher amount of n-3. Supplemental corn grain did not have adverse effects upon the beneficial effects to human health of the grass-fed beef.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da carne de tambaqui com diferentes pesos de abate. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro tambaquis, entre 1,0 e 3,5 kg. O peso ao abate não afetou o pH da carne (6,42), a cor para luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), respectivamente, com médias de 62,00; 2,86 e 15,57; e os atributos sensoriais aparência (7,41), sabor (7,25), textura (7,40) e aceitação global (7,24). A perda de peso por gotejamento e descongelamento e a capacidade de retenção de água da carne de tambaqui foram afetados (P<0,01) pelo peso ao abate. Embora o peso de abate do tambaqui entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg apresente maiores perdas de água, as demais características qualitativas da carne não foram comprometidas.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights. Twenty-four animals were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 kg. The slaughter weight did not affect meat pH (6.42), luminosity (L*), red color intensity (a*) or yellow color intensity (b*) (means of 62.0, 2.86 and 15.57, respectively), nor the sensory attributes appearance (7.41), flavor (7.25), texture (7.40), and overall acceptance (7.24). Weight loss by dripping and defrosting and the water holding capacity of tambaqui meat were affected (P<0.01) by slaughter weight. Although a slaughter weight of tambaqui between 1.0 and 1.5 kg was associated with further water loss, the other meat quality traits were not compromised.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da carne de tambaqui com diferentes pesos de abate. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro tambaquis, entre 1,0 e 3,5 kg. O peso ao abate não afetou o pH da carne (6,42), a cor para luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), respectivamente, com médias de 62,00; 2,86 e 15,57; e os atributos sensoriais aparência (7,41), sabor (7,25), textura (7,40) e aceitação global (7,24). A perda de peso por gotejamento e descongelamento e a capacidade de retenção de água da carne de tambaqui foram afetados (P<0,01) pelo peso ao abate. Embora o peso de abate do tambaqui entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg apresente maiores perdas de água, as demais características qualitativas da carne não foram comprometidas.(AU)

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights. Twenty-four animals were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 kg. The slaughter weight did not affect meat pH (6.42), luminosity (L*), red color intensity (a*) or yellow color intensity (b*) (means of 62.0, 2.86 and 15.57, respectively), nor the sensory attributes appearance (7.41), flavor (7.25), texture (7.40), and overall acceptance (7.24). Weight loss by dripping and defrosting and the water holding capacity of tambaqui meat were affected (P<0.01) by slaughter weight. Although a slaughter weight of tambaqui between 1.0 and 1.5 kg was associated with further water loss, the other meat quality traits were not compromised.(AU)

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O vírus da bronquite infecciosa (IBV) é um importante patógeno respiratório presente na avicultura comercial e tem provocado grandes perdas econômicas em todo o mundo. A vacinação é realizada pela indústria produtora de aves, mas continuam surgindo novos sorotipos e variações antigênicas, dificultando o controle de IBV. Nós realizamos uma caracterização molecular de uma cepa de IBV obtida diretamente de tecidos e comparamos com a mesma cepa que havia sido passada três vezes em ovo embrionado. Nós mostramos uma variação significante na sequência viral depois de ter sido isolada em ovo embrionado.(AU)

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O vírus da bronquite infecciosa (IBV) é um importante patógeno respiratório presente na avicultura comercial e tem provocado grandes perdas econômicas em todo o mundo. A vacinação é realizada pela indústria produtora de aves, mas continuam surgindo novos sorotipos e variações antigênicas, dificultando o controle de IBV. Nós realizamos uma caracterização molecular de uma cepa de IBV obtida diretamente de tecidos e comparamos com a mesma cepa que havia sido passada três vezes em ovo embrionado. Nós mostramos uma variação significante na sequência viral depois de ter sido isolada em ovo embrionado.(AU)

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Background Around the world, people receive care at various institutions; therefore, clinical information is recorded either on paper or distributed on different information systems with reduced capabilities for sharing data. One approach to handling the complex nature of the health information systems and making it interoperable is the two-level modeling, and the ISO 13606 standard is an option to support this model. A regionally governed EHR program in Brazil proposed to use the ISO 13606 standard and archetypes. This program includes an EHR repository for consolidating the longitudinal electronic record of patients' health. Objective This article aims to present the results and lessons learned from a proof-of-concept (POC) for integrating the Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare Information System (SISMater) developed by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) with the EHR system developed by the Department of Healthcare for the State of Minas Gerais (SES/MG). Methods The design of the architecture and software development were driven by the content to be exchanged between the SISMater system and the EHR system and the usage of XML transformation to translate an ISO 13606 EHR extract and vice versa. This POC did not include tests related to revision objects according to ISO 13606 reference model. Results The software architecture and software components required for this POC were proposed and tested. The EHR system validated the syntax and semantic and persisted the extract in the EHR repository. Complete results can be accessed at https://github.com/pocppsus/repository. Conclusion The approach for using XML transformations could make easier the process for ISO 13606 noncompliant EMR systems to exchange EHR data with the SES/MG EHR system.

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En los pingüinos Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) y pingüinos gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), no existe un dimorfismo sexual conspicuo y a menudo resulta difícil determinar el sexo en base a la morfología externa. La información sobre el sexo es importante en muchos estudios de ecología y conservación. En este artículo se evaluó el uso de un par de cebadores (2550F/2718R) para identificar el sexo en aves sexualmente monomórficas. Para ambas especies de pingüinos la amplificación produjo dos bandas discretas, CHD1Z y CHD1W, que permitieron la identificación sexual. Se trata de un sistema sencillo, rápido y económico para el sexaje molecular de los pingüinos gentoo y Adélie.

In Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) and gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), the conspicuous sexual dimorphism often makes it difficult to determine sex on the basis of external morphology. The information about sex is important in many ecology and conservation studies. In this paper we evaluated the use of an established primer pair (2550F/2718R) to identify sex in sexually monomorphic birds. In both penguin species, it resulted in two distinct CHD1Z and CHD1W PCR bands, allowing sex identification. This is a simple, rapid and cheap system for molecular sexing of gentoo and Adélie penguins.

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The present study investigated the impact of a western diet during gestation and lactation on the anthropometry, serum biochemical, blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control on the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother's diet received: control group (C: 18% calories of lipids) and westernized group (W: 32% calories of lipids). After weaning both groups received standard diet. On the 60th day of life, blood samples were collected for the analysis of fasting glucose and lipidogram. Cardiovascular parameters were measured on the same period. Autonomic nervous system modulation was evaluated by spectrum analysis of heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The W increased glycemia (123±2 v. 155±2 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (15±1 v. 31±2 mg/dl), triglycerides (49±1 v. 85±2 mg/dl), total cholesterol (75±2 v. 86±2 mg/dl), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (50±4 v. 38±3 mg/dl), as well as increased body mass (209±4 v. 229±6 g) than C. Furthermore, the W showed higher SAP (130±4 v. 157±2 mmHg), HR (357±10 v. 428±14 bpm), sympathetic modulation to vessels (2.3±0.56 v. 6±0.84 mmHg2) and LF/HF ratio (0.15±0.01 v. 0.7±0.2) than C. These findings suggest that a western diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to overweight associated with autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adulthood.

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The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, also known as the canonical Wnt pathway, plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation in several tissues/organs. It has been recently described in humans a relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor TCF7L2 associated to the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. In the present study, we demonstrated that hyperplastic pancreatic islets from prediabetic mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 60 d displayed nuclear translocation of active ß-catenin associated with significant increases in protein content and gene expression of ß-catenin as well as of cyclins D1, D2 and c-Myc (target genes of the Wnt pathway) but not of Tcf7l2 (the transcription factor). Meanwhile, these alterations were not observed in pancreatic islets from 30 d HFD-fed mice, that do not display significant beta cell hyperplasia. These data suggest that the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway is activated in pancreatic islets during prediabetes and may play a role in the induction of the compensatory beta cell hyperplasia observed at early phase of T2DM.

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ABSTRACT Piper permucronatum is a perennial shrub, a medicinal plant native to the Amazon Rainforest. Traditionally, the tea of its leaves is used to combat menstrual and intestinal cramps, stomach pain, digestive problems, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and nausea. Its leaf’s essential oil is effective against Aedes aegypti larvae; its flavones and flavanones have a fungicidal effect against Clamidosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum; its hexanic extract is effective against Leishmania amazonensis. The objective of this study was to provide a protocol for callus induction from P. permucronatum leaves and an identification of the callus growth pattern, focusing on the deceleration phase, when the callus cells must be subcultured into liquid medium in order to produce a cell suspension cultures. Leaf explants were inoculated in a solid MS medium supplemented with factorial combinations of 2,4-D, BA, NAA and GA3. Callus formation was evaluated weekly until the 49th day. Subsequently, new explants were inoculated at the hormonal combination that resulted in the highest callus cell proliferation and, every seven days during a period of 70 days, samples were dried and weighed to determine the callus growth pattern. NAA and GA3 were not effective for callus induction. Combinations of 2,4-D and BA resulted in callus induction and proliferation. The highest percentage of callus induction was observed with the combination of 4.52 µM 2,4-D and 4.44 µM BA. The calluses thereby produced were friable and whitish. The callus growth pattern followed a sigmoid shape. The deceleration phase started on the 56th day of culture.

RESUMO Indução e padrão de crescimento de calos de folhas de Piper permucronatum. Piper permucronatum é um arbusto perene, uma planta medicinal native da Floresta Amazônica. Tradicionalmente, o chá de suas folhas é usado em casos de cólicas menstruais e intestinais, dores de estômago, problemas digestivos, diarreia, hemorragia e náusea. O óleo essencial das folhas é efetivo contra a larva de Aedes aegypti; suas flavonas e flavanonas têm efeito fungicida contra Clamidosporium cladosporioides e C. sphaerospermum; seu extrato hexânico é efetivo contra Leishmania amazonensis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar um protocolo para indução de calos em folhas de P. permucronatum e identificar o padrão de crescimento dos calos, com foco na fase de desaceleração, quando as células de calo devem ser subcultivadas em meio líquido para produzir culturas de células em suspensão. Explantes foliares foram inoculados em meio MS sólido suplementado com combinações fatoriais de 2,4-D, BAP, ANA e GA3. A formação de calos foi avaliada semanalmente até o 49º dia. Posteriormente, novos explantes foram inoculados na combinação hormonal que resultou na maior proliferação de células de calo e, a cada sete dias durante 70 dias, amostras foram secas e pesadas para determinar o padrão de crescimento dos calos. ANA e GA3 não foram efetivas para a indução de calos. Combinações de 2,4-D e BAP resultaram em indução e proliferação de calos. A maior porcentagem de indução de calos foi observada com a combinação de 4,52 µM de 2,4-D e 4,44 µM de BAP. Os calos produzidos eram friáveis e esbranquiçados. O crescimento dos calos seguiu um padrão sigmoide. A fase de desaceleração iniciou no 56º dia de cultivo.

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O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos gerais do mercado de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, quanto a forma que se insere nos setores estruturantes do setor da saúde, seja, público, privado, filantrópico e ensino.É um estudo transversal cuja população alvo é constituída por todos os enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem do Brasil, que possuem registro ativo no Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN). O estudo tem representatividade nacional, sendo capaz de gerar resultados para cada unidade da federação. Os resultados apontam para hegemônica empregabilidade do setor público; concentração da Força de trabalho da Enfermagem (FTEn) nos grandes centros urbanos; escassez de enfermeiros nos interiores do país; nova composição intra-categorias, entre outros. Sinalizam ainda para uma extensa jornada de trabalho, vínculos precários, rendimentos mensais aquém do básico para um trabalho decente, ou seja, subjornadas, subsalários e subempregos. Uma equipe que soma 1,8 milhão de profissionais, sendo 414 mil enfermeiros e 1,4 milhão de técnicos e auxiliares, ou seja, 65% da equipe de saúde que atua no sistema, traz uma diversidade e complexidade de análises. Os dados da pesquisa permite subsidiar a construção de políticas públicas adequadas com a realidade desse imenso contingente de trabalhadores, fundamentais para o Sistema Único de Saúde. (AU)

The article aims to analyze the general aspects of the nursing staff labor market, as the way they operate in structuring sectors of the health sector, that is, (public, private, philanthropic and education). It is a cross-sectional study whose target population consists of all nurses, technicians and nursing assistants from Brazil, which have active registration with the Federal Nursing Council (COFEN). The study has a national presence, being able to generate results for each state. The results point to the hegemonic employment in the public sector; concentration of the Nursing Workforce (FTEn) in large urban centers; shortage of nurses in the country's interior; intra-composition new categories. Signal yet for an extensive working hours, precarious links, monthly income below the basics for a decent job, sub journeys, sub wages and underemployment. A team that sum 1.8 million professionals, 414,000 nurses and 1.4 million technicians and assistants, namely 65% of the health team working in the system, brings a diversity and complexity analysis. The survey data may subsidize the construction of public policies adequate to the reality of the huge number of workers, essential for the Health System.(AU)

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos generales del mercado de trabajo del personal de enfermería, ya que la forma en que operan en los sectores de estructuración del sector de la salud, es decir, (públicas, privadas, filantrópicas y la educación). Se trata de un estudio transversal cuya población objetivo consta de todas las enfermeras, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de Brasil, que tienen el registro activo con el Consejo Federal de Enfermería (COFEN). El estudio tiene una presencia nacional, siendo capaz de generar resultados para cada estado. Los resultados apuntan a la hegemónica de empleo en el sector público; concentración de la Fuerza Laboral de Enfermería (FTEn) en los grandes centros urbanos; escasez de enfermeras en el interior del país; intra-composición nuevas categorías. Señal sin embargo, para una extensa jornada de trabajo, vínculos precarios, ingresos mensuales por debajo de lo básico para un trabajo decente, es decir subjornadas, subsalários y subempleo. Un equipo que suma 1,8 millones profesionales, 414.000 enfermeras y 1,4 millones de técnicos y auxiliares, es decir, 65% del equipo de salud que trabajan en el sistema, trae una diversidad y complejidad de análisis. Los datos de la encuesta pueden subsidiar la construcción de políticas públicas adecuadas a la realidad de la gran cantidad de trabajadores, esenciales para el Sistema de Salud.(AU)

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Probably as a function of their wide geographical distribution, the different population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp may present distinct physiological, biochemical, reproductive, behavioral, and ecological patterns. These differences are so accentuated that the existence of allopatric speciation has been suggested, although initial studies indicate that the genetic variability of populations happen at an intraspecific level. Among the biological responses described for M. amazonicum populations, those regarding osmoregulation and metabolism play a key role for being related to the occupation of diverse habitats. To this effect, we investigated osmoregulation through the role of free amino acids in cell volume control and metabolism, through oxygen consumption in larvae (zoeae I, II, V and IX) and/or post-larvae of a M. amazonicum population from Amazon, kept in aquaculture fish hatcheries in the state of São Paulo. The results add information regarding the existence of distinct physiological responses among M. amazonicum populations and suggest that possible adjustments to metabolism and to the use of free amino acids as osmolytes of the regulation of the larvae and post-larvae cell volume depend on the appearance of structures responsible for hemolymph osmoregulation like, for example, the gills. In this respect, we verified that zoeae I do not alter their metabolism due to the exposition to fresh or brackish water, but they reduce intracellular concentration of free amino acids when exposed to fresh water, what may suggest the inexistence or inefficient performance of the structures responsible for volume regulation and hemolymph composition. On the other hand, in zoeae II and V exposed to fresh and brackish water, metabolism alterations were not followed by changes in free amino acids concentration. Thus it is possible, as the structures responsible for osmoregulation and ionic regulation become functional, that the role of free amino acids gets diminished and oxygen consumption elevated, probably due to greater energy expenditure with the active transportation of salts through epithelial membranes. Osmotic challenges also seem to alter throughout development, given that in zoeae II oxygen consumption is elevated on brackish water of 18, but in zoeae V it happens in fresh water. After M. amazonicum metamorphosis, free amino acids begin to play an important role as intracellular osmolytes, because we verified an increase of up to 40% in post-larvae exposed to brackish water of 18. The main free amino acids involved in cell volume regulation of ontogenetic stages evaluated were the non essential ones: glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine, and proline. Interestingly, larvae from estuarine population studied here survived until the zoeae V stage in fresh water, but in some populations far from the sea, zoeae die right after eclosion in fresh water or they do not reach zoeae III stage. In addition, given that in favorable conditions caridean shrimp larvae shorten their development, we may infer that the cultivation environment, in which larvae developed in the present work, was appropriate, because almost all zoeae VIII kept on brackish water underwent metamorphosis directly to post-larvae and did not go through zoeae IX stage.

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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are indigenous microorganisms occurring in pork sausages. The utilization of selected autochthonous LAB may improve the safety of meat products. This study aims to enumerate and identify LAB in pork sausage and to characterize their safety properties, such as antimicrobial susceptibility and antibacterial activity. A total of 189 sealed packages of pork sausages were collected in seven municipalities (27 samples in each city) of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Microbiological analyses were performed to enumerate LAB. Two pre-selection criteria were applied to 567 isolates of LAB: catalase activity and tolerance to pH 2. A total of 32 strains of UFLA SAU were selected, characterized phenotypically and identified through 16S rDNA region sequencing. The susceptibility to antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of isolates was evaluated. The LAB count ranged from 3.079 to 8.987 log10 CFU/g. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei were identified in the samples. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 and 258 showed a profile of susceptibility to four antimicrobials: erythromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. In the antibacterial activity test, with exception of UFLA SAU 1, all other strains showed efficiency in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhiand Listeria monocytogenes. In the statistical analysis there was interaction among strains of Lactobacillus against the pathogens tested. L. monocytogenes (P=0.05) was more sensitive to Lactobacillus strains and the highest inhibitory activity against this pathogen was achieved by strains UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 and 258. Thus, UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 and 258 possess safety characteristics for application in meat products.

Bactérias ácido-lácticas (BAL) são microrganismos indígenas em linguiças. A utilização de selecionadas BAL autóctones pode melhorar a segurança dos produtos cárneos. Este estudo objetivou enumerar e identificar BAL em linguiças suínas e caracterizar suas propriedades de segurança, como a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a atividade antibacteriana. Um total de 189 embalagens fechadas de linguiça suína foi adquirido em sete municípios (27 amostras em cada cidade) de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Análises microbiológicas para a enumeração de BAL foram realizadas. Dois critérios de pré-seleção foram aplicados para os 567 isolados de BAL: atividade catalase e tolerância ao pH 2. Um total de 32 estirpes UFLA SAU foi selecionado, caracterizado fenotipicamente e identificado por meio do sequenciamento da região 16S rDNA. A susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e a atividade antimicrobiana dos isolados foram avaliadas. Nas linguiças, a contagem de BAL variou de 3,079 a 8,987log10 UFC/g. Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus paracasei foram identificados nas amostras. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 e 258 apresentaram um perfil de suscetibilidade a quatro antimicrobianos: eritromicina, ampicilina, cloranfenicol e gentamicina. No teste de atividade antibacteriana, com exceção da UFLA SAU 1, todas as outras estirpes mostraram eficiência em inibir Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi e Listeria monocytogenes. Na análise estatística, houve interação entre estirpes de Lactobacillus contra os patógenos testados. L. monocytogenes (P=0,05) foi mais sensível às estirpes de Lactobacillus, e a maior atividade inibitória contra este patógeno foi apresentada por estirpes UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 e 258. Assim, estirpes UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 e 258 possuem características de segurança para aplicação em produtos cárneos.

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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are indigenous microorganisms occurring in pork sausages. The utilization of selected autochthonous LAB may improve the safety of meat products. This study aims to enumerate and identify LAB in pork sausage and to characterize their safety properties, such as antimicrobial susceptibility and antibacterial activity. A total of 189 sealed packages of pork sausages were collected in seven municipalities (27 samples in each city) of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Microbiological analyses were performed to enumerate LAB. Two pre-selection criteria were applied to 567 isolates of LAB: catalase activity and tolerance to pH 2. A total of 32 strains of UFLA SAU were selected, characterized phenotypically and identified through 16S rDNA region sequencing. The susceptibility to antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of isolates was evaluated. The LAB count ranged from 3.079 to 8.987 log10 CFU/g. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei were identified in the samples. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 and 258 showed a profile of susceptibility to four antimicrobials: erythromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. In the antibacterial activity test, with exception of UFLA SAU 1, all other strains showed efficiency in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhiand Listeria monocytogenes. In the statistical analysis there was interaction among strains of Lactobacillus against the pathogens tested. L. monocytogenes (P=0.05) was more sensitive to Lactobacillus strains and the highest inhibitory activity against this pathogen was achieved by strains UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 and 258. Thus, UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 and 258 possess safety characteristics for application in meat products(AU)

Bactérias ácido-lácticas (BAL) são microrganismos indígenas em linguiças. A utilização de selecionadas BAL autóctones pode melhorar a segurança dos produtos cárneos. Este estudo objetivou enumerar e identificar BAL em linguiças suínas e caracterizar suas propriedades de segurança, como a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a atividade antibacteriana. Um total de 189 embalagens fechadas de linguiça suína foi adquirido em sete municípios (27 amostras em cada cidade) de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Análises microbiológicas para a enumeração de BAL foram realizadas. Dois critérios de pré-seleção foram aplicados para os 567 isolados de BAL: atividade catalase e tolerância ao pH 2. Um total de 32 estirpes UFLA SAU foi selecionado, caracterizado fenotipicamente e identificado por meio do sequenciamento da região 16S rDNA. A susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e a atividade antimicrobiana dos isolados foram avaliadas. Nas linguiças, a contagem de BAL variou de 3,079 a 8,987log10 UFC/g. Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus paracasei foram identificados nas amostras. UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131 e 258 apresentaram um perfil de suscetibilidade a quatro antimicrobianos: eritromicina, ampicilina, cloranfenicol e gentamicina. No teste de atividade antibacteriana, com exceção da UFLA SAU 1, todas as outras estirpes mostraram eficiência em inibir Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi e Listeria monocytogenes. Na análise estatística, houve interação entre estirpes de Lactobacillus contra os patógenos testados. L. monocytogenes (P=0,05) foi mais sensível às estirpes de Lactobacillus, e a maior atividade inibitória contra este patógeno foi apresentada por estirpes UFLA SAU 135, 226, 238 e 258. Assim, estirpes UFLA SAU 11, 20, 34, 86, 131, 135, 226, 238 e 258 possuem características de segurança para aplicação em produtos cárneos(AU)

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Since its first isolation in 1844, usnic acid [2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzo-furandione] has become the most extensively studied lichen metabolite and one of the few that are commercially available. Lichens belonging to usnic acid-containing genera have been used as crude drugs throughout the world. There are indications of usnic acid being a potentially interesting candidate for such activities as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, healing, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, larvicidal and UV protection. However, some studies reported the liver toxicity and contact allergy. Thus, further studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of usnic acid.

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour of the maxillary sinus. The present study describes 24 cases seen over a period of 10 years at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute. Socio-demographic, clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were retrieved from the medical files for the period 1997-2006. The mean age of the patients was 51.1 years. Twenty-one (87.5%) presented advanced tumours. The main signs and symptoms found were a tumour mass (87.5%), pain (50%), nasal obstruction (25%), and epistaxis (20.8%). Most cases (62.5%) were treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Follow-up data showed two patients (8.3%) with residual disease, local recurrences in four (16.7%) patients, and distant metastasis in five (20.8%). The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 72.61% and 62.11%, respectively. Maxillary sinus ACC has an aggressive but indolent behaviour, typically presenting at an advanced T stage that reflects a poor prognosis for patients.

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Red-footed Tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria Spix, 1824) raised as pets and voluntarily handed over to environmental officers by their owners or apprehended by officers represent a large contingent of animals that overfill triage centres in Brazil. There is no consensus on the fate of these animals, and their numbers continue growing. In this study, we evaluated the movement patterns of C. carbonaria originating from triage centres in areas of cocoa plantations and forest remnants to define their home range and dispersion. After 120 days of quarantine and acclimatisation, eight C. carbonaria adults were released and monitored via radio telemetry for 10 months. The radio transmitters of two individuals presented problems, and consequently, it was not possible to track these individuals. Five individuals remained in an area of 7.75 ha 10 months after release, avoiding contact with humans after the first three months. The greatest problems were the proximity of individuals to inhabited areas in the first three months after release, the death of two individuals, and the escape of one individual. After the experiment, the animals were sent back to the triage centre. Our results suggest that a proportion of the animals in the triage centres are able to survive in natural conditions. Considering their survival and fidelity to the release site, the translocation of animals described herein should be considered partially successful. However, if this measure is adopted, it must be preceded by studies of the animals' origins and by a rigorous genetic, sanitary and behavioural analysis of each individual.(AU)

Jabutis criados como animais de estimação entregues voluntariamente por seus donos ou apreendidos pelos agentes ambientais formam um grande contingente de animais que lotam os centros de triagem nas diversas regiões do Brasil. Não existe um consenso sobre o destino destes animais e os seus números continuam a crescer. Neste estudo avaliamos os deslocamentos de Chelonoidis carbonaria oriundos de centros de triagem em áreas de plantio de cacau e de remanescentes florestais buscando levantar a área de vida e a dispersão dos indivíduos. Após um período de quarentena e aclimatação de 120 dias 10 indivíduos adultos de C. carbonaria foram soltos e monitorados por radiotelemetria durante 10 meses. Os radiotransmissores de dois indivíduos apresentaram problemas não sendo possível acompanha-los. Cinco indivíduos permaneceram na área após 10 meses de soltura evitando, após os três meses iniciais, o contato com os humanos e vivendo em uma área de até 7,75 ha. Os principais problemas verificados foram a aproximação dos indivíduos das áreas habitadas nos três primeiros meses após a soltura, a morte de dois indivíduos e a dispersão de outro. Ao final do experimento os animais foram devolvidos ao centro de triagem de origem. Nossos resultados sugerem que uma parcela dos animais dos centros de triagem apresenta condições sobreviver em condições naturais. Considerando a sobrevivência e a fidelidade à área de soltura uma possível translocação poderia apresentar um sucesso parcial. Esta medida, entretanto, caso seja adotada, deve ser precedida de estudos sobre a origem dos animais e de uma rigorosa análise genética, sanitária e comportamental de cada indivíduo.(AU)

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Oceanic waters are difficult to assess, and there are many gaps in knowledge regarding cetacean occurrence. To fill some of these gaps, this article provides important cetacean records obtained in the winter of 2010 during a dedicated expedition to collect visual and acoustic information in the Vitória-Trindade seamounts. We observed 19 groups of cetaceans along a 1300-km search trajectory, with six species being identified: the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, N = 9 groups), the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus, N = 1), the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis, N = 1), the rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis, N = 1), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, N = 2), and the killer whale (Orcinus orca, N = 1). Most humpback whale groups (N = 7; 78%) were observed in the Vitória-Trindade seamounts, especially the mounts close to the Abrolhos Bank. Only one lone humpback whale was observed near Trindade Island after a search effort encompassing more than 520 km. From a total of 28 acoustic stations, humpback whale songs were only detected near the seamounts close to the Abrolhos Bank, where most groups of this species were visually detected (including a competitive group and groups with calves). The presence of humpback whales at the Trindade Island and surroundings is most likely occasional, with few sightings and low density. Finally, we observed a significant number of humpback whales along the seamounts close to the Abrolhos Bank, which may function as a breeding habitat for this species. We also added important records regarding the occurrence of cetaceans in these mounts and in the Western South Atlantic, including the endangered fin whale.

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