RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of tomato bagasse silage containing increasing inclusion levels of semi-purified glycerin. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and four replicates, with exclusive tomatog bagasse silage and four inclusion levels of semi-purified glycerin (7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30% added based on natural matter). The inclusion of glycerin during ensiling increased dry matter content and linearly reduced silage pH, but did not alter ammoniacal nitrogen. Crude protein and neutral/acid detergent fiber decreased linearly, while in situ dry matter digestibility increased in a linear manner with the inclusion of glycerin in tomato bagasse silage. The inclusion of up to 30% semi-purified glycerin is suitable for ensiling tomato bagasse since it improves the fermentation quality and engery value of the silage.(AU)
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a composição química das silagens de bagaço de tomate com níveis crescentes de inclusão da glicerina semipurificada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, sendo silagem exclusiva de bagaço de tomate e quatro níveis de inclusão da glicerina semipurificada à silagem (7,5%, 15%, 22,5% e 30%), sendo adicionada com base na matéria natural. A inclusão de glicerina na ensilagem elevou os teores de matéria seca e reduziu linearmente o pH da silagem, mas não alterou o nitrogênio amoniacal. Os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido das silagens reduziram linearmente, já a digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca aumentou de forma linear com a inclusão da glicerina à ensilagem do bagaço de tomate. A inclusão de até 30% de glicerina semipurificada viabiliza a ensilagem do bagaço de tomate por melhorar a qualidade fermentativa e o valor energético da silagem.(AU)
Assuntos
Solanum lycopersicum/química , Silagem/análise , Glicerol/análise , Glicerol/química , Biocombustíveis/análise , FermentaçãoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of tomato bagasse silage containing increasing inclusion levels of semi-purified glycerin. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and four replicates, with exclusive tomatog bagasse silage and four inclusion levels of semi-purified glycerin (7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30% added based on natural matter). The inclusion of glycerin during ensiling increased dry matter content and linearly reduced silage pH, but did not alter ammoniacal nitrogen. Crude protein and neutral/acid detergent fiber decreased linearly, while in situ dry matter digestibility increased in a linear manner with the inclusion of glycerin in tomato bagasse silage. The inclusion of up to 30% semi-purified glycerin is suitable for ensiling tomato bagasse since it improves the fermentation quality and engery value of the silage.
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a composição química das silagens de bagaço de tomate com níveis crescentes de inclusão da glicerina semipurificada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, sendo silagem exclusiva de bagaço de tomate e quatro níveis de inclusão da glicerina semipurificada à silagem (7,5%, 15%, 22,5% e 30%), sendo adicionada com base na matéria natural. A inclusão de glicerina na ensilagem elevou os teores de matéria seca e reduziu linearmente o pH da silagem, mas não alterou o nitrogênio amoniacal. Os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido das silagens reduziram linearmente, já a digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca aumentou de forma linear com a inclusão da glicerina à ensilagem do bagaço de tomate. A inclusão de até 30% de glicerina semipurificada viabiliza a ensilagem do bagaço de tomate por melhorar a qualidade fermentativa e o valor energético da silagem.
Assuntos
Glicerol/análise , Glicerol/química , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Silagem/análise , Biocombustíveis/análise , FermentaçãoRESUMO
Natural intoxication of livestock by ingestion of Ipomoea asarifolia leaves has been reported to occur widely in Brazil. Previous studies carried out by our research group provided strong evidence that a lectin could be involved with the toxic properties of I. asarifolia. To reinforce this hypothesis, a lectin-enriched fraction (LEF) was isolated from I. asarifolia leaves and its toxic effects were assessed. Leaves of I. asarifolia were excised from plants growing widely in the field, mechanically wounded and maintained in a chamber at 25 ± 3 °C for 72h in the dark, under near 100% relative humidity. The leaf proteins were extracted, ammonium sulfate precipitated, chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose and Phenyl-Sepharose to produce LEF that under SDS-PAGE showed a molecular mass of 44.0 kDa and after N-terminal amino acid analysis a primary sequence composed of AGYTPVLDIGAEVLAAGEPY. The in vivo toxicity of LEF assessed by intraorbital injection in mice showed induced severe uncoordinated movements without death. LEF reduced the muscular contraction in a dose depend way and at 29.8 µg/mL (CE(50)) it produces 50% inhibition of contraction, suggesting that LEF blunts autonomic neurotransmission. Isolated rat kidneys were perfused with LEF and no effects on the perfusion pressure or renal vascular resistance were observed, but urinary flow and glomerular filtration rate increased. Moreover, the percentage of tubular transport of Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-) decreased. Histological examination of the kidneys perfused with LEF exhibited little alterations. These toxic effects observed above were concomitant with the increase of LEF hemagglutination activity, which strongly suggest that one of the toxic principles of I. asarifolia is a lectin present in its leaves.