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Baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) is recognized as a widespread Brazilian tree species, and its almonds and pulp have gained commercial prominence due to their nutritional value. All parts of the baru are important for the environment and are used by traditional communities to treat various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and current overview of the nutritional composition, human food applications, ethnopharmacological uses, and chemical and biological properties of Dipteryx alata, "baru" (Fabaceae). This study followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Studies were searched in the Medline (PubMed), Scopus, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases using the descriptors "Dipteryx alata" OR "baru nut" OR "baru almond" OR "cumaru" OR "Coumarouna". The exclusion criteria included duplicate articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, conference documents, incomplete access to the text, and articles not related to the objective of this review. The initial search yielded 822 results, 127 of which met the inclusion criteria. The almond was the most extensively studied part (59.8%), whereas leaves received the least attention (1.6%). Baru almond is a rich source of proteins (19 to 30 g.100 g-1), unsaturated fatty acids (75 to 81%), and essential amino acids, while the pulp is rich in carbohydrates (22.5 to 75.4%), dietary fiber (4.4 to 41.6 g.100 g-1) and vitamin C (113.48 and 224.5 mg.100 g-1). Phenolic compounds were the main metabolites, with a greater content in the almond (3.1 to 1.306,34 mg GAE g-1) than in the pulp (186 to 477 mg GAE g-1). Terpenes were also detected in the almond, pulp, and bark. The most evaluated biological activity was the antioxidant activity (n = 32.1%), followed by effects on oxidative stress (n = 12.5%). Therefore, emphasis on baru cultivation and bioprospecting could benefit human nutrition and health, strengthen family farming in various regions of the country and favour the achievement of Zero Hunger and Sustainable Agriculture and Health and Well-Being in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals.

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Sarcopenia is a pathology resulting from a progressive and severe loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in the course of aging, which has deleterious consequences on quality of life. Among the most widespread studies on the issue are those focused on the effect of different types of physical exercise on patients with sarcopenia. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the effects of a whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) session on the inflammatory parameters of non-sarcopenic (NSG, n=22) and sarcopenic elderly (SG, n=22). NSG and SG participants were randomly divided into two protocols: intervention (squat with WBV) and control (squat without WBV). After a one-week washout period, participants switched protocols, so that everyone performed both protocols. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA) and function through the six-minute walk test (6MWD) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and measured before and immediately after each protocol. After exercise with WBV, there was an increase in sTNFR2 levels in the NSG (P<0.01; d=-0.69 (-1.30; -0.08) and SG (P<0.01, d=-0.95 (-1.57; -0.32) groups. In conclusion, an acute session of WBV influenced sTNFr2 levels, with sarcopenic individuals showing a greater effect. This suggested that WBV had a more pronounced impact on sTNFr2 in those with loss of muscle strength and/or physical performance. Additionally, WBV is gaining recognition as an efficient strategy for those with persistent health issues.

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Abstract Sarcopenia is a pathology resulting from a progressive and severe loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in the course of aging, which has deleterious consequences on quality of life. Among the most widespread studies on the issue are those focused on the effect of different types of physical exercise on patients with sarcopenia. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the effects of a whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) session on the inflammatory parameters of non-sarcopenic (NSG, n=22) and sarcopenic elderly (SG, n=22). NSG and SG participants were randomly divided into two protocols: intervention (squat with WBV) and control (squat without WBV). After a one-week washout period, participants switched protocols, so that everyone performed both protocols. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA) and function through the six-minute walk test (6MWD) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and measured before and immediately after each protocol. After exercise with WBV, there was an increase in sTNFR2 levels in the NSG (P<0.01; d=-0.69 (-1.30; -0.08) and SG (P<0.01, d=-0.95 (-1.57; -0.32) groups. In conclusion, an acute session of WBV influenced sTNFr2 levels, with sarcopenic individuals showing a greater effect. This suggested that WBV had a more pronounced impact on sTNFr2 in those with loss of muscle strength and/or physical performance. Additionally, WBV is gaining recognition as an efficient strategy for those with persistent health issues.

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Firefighters are often exposed to high temperatures and by-products of combustion, which can affect their health. In this study, we assessed the impact of acute exposure of firefighters in fire simulators. Twenty male firefighters were exposed to fire simulators, and observed in four phases: pre-exposure (group 0, control) and after the end of the first (group 1), second (group 2), and fourth (group 3) weeks of training. Blood samples were collected and dosed to evaluate the response of the immune, inflammatory (C-reactive protein, IL6, and IL10), and endocrine systems (cortisone, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, bioavailable testosterone, TSH, and free T4). In groups 0, 1, and 3, a thermographic evaluation was also carried out to study the temperature and body heat flow of the participants. Regarding the inflammatory process, an increase in C-reactive protein and a reduction in IL-10 were observed. With respect to hormonal markers, an increase in cortisol and reduced levels of free T4 and bioavailable testosterone were found after exposure, with recovery of testosterone levels in the final week of training. Thermoregulatory adaptation of the organism has been associated with changes in heat flow in the organism in people subjected to extreme temperatures, with emphasis on the performance of the lower limbs. Our findings demonstrate an inflammatory response with hormonal changes after exposure to fire and an adaptive response of thermal balance, which could aid understanding of the physiology of the human body in extreme situations.

Les sapeurs-pompiers (SP) sont régulièrement exposés à la chaleur et aux produits de combustion, qui peuvent avoir un retentissement sur leur santé. Nous avons évalué l'effet d'une exposition aiguë de 22 SP (tous des hommes) à incendie simulé grâce à la répétition à 4 reprises d'une même batterie d'examens (avant- T0, et à la fin des 1ère -T1 2ème - T2 et 3ème - T3 semaines d'entraînement). Des paramètres sanguins relatifs à l'inflammation et l'immunité (CRP, IL6, IL10) ainsi qu'au système endocrinien (cortisol, testostérones totale, libre et biodisponible, SHBG, TSH et T4 libre) étaient prélevés à chaque évaluation. Une étude thermographique, évaluant la température corporelle et le flux thermique corporel était réalisée à T0, T1 et T3. On constatait une augmentation de la CRP et une baisse de IL10. On observait une augmentation de la cortisolémie ainsi qu'une baisse de thyroxine libre et testostérone biodisponible, cette dernière se normalisant à T3. L'adaptation corporelle à la chaleur se traduit par une augmentation du flux thermique, en particulier aux membres inférieurs. Nous observons donc des réponses inflammatoire comme endocrinienne et une adaptation de la thermorégulation en cas d'exposition à un incendie, constatations pouvant contribuer à la compréhension de la physiologie humaine en situations extrêmes.

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Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration.

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Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration.

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This study evaluated the effects of leptin on primordial follicle survival and activation after in vitro culture of ovine ovarian tissue and if leptin acts through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. Ovarian fragments were fixed for histology (fresh control) or cultured for 7 days in control medium (α-MEM+) alone or supplemented with leptin (1, 5, 10, 25 or 50 ng/ml). Follicle morphology, activation and apoptosis were analyzed. Next, the fragments were cultured in the medium that showed the best results in the absence or the presence of the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), and immunohistostaining of p-Akt protein was assessed. After culture, the percentage of normal follicles decreased (P < 0.05) in all treatments compared with the fresh control. Moreover, control medium and 1 ng/ml leptin had similar (P > 0.05) percentages of normal follicles, which were significantly higher than those in other treatments. However, culture with 1 ng/ml leptin maintained apoptosis similarly (P > 0.05) to that of the fresh control and lower (P < 0.05) than that in α-MEM+. Leptin did not influence follicle activation (P > 0.05) compared with the control medium (α-MEM+). Culture in 1 ng/ml leptin with LY294002 decreased the normal follicles and increased apoptosis, inhibited follicle activation (P < 0.05), and reduced p-Akt immunostaining, compared with the medium containing 1 ng/ml leptin without PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, leptin at 1 ng/ml reduces apoptosis and promotes the activation of primordial follicles compared with the fresh control after in vitro culture of ovine ovarian tissue possibly through the PI3K/Akt pathway.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) on the morphology, activation, apoptosis, and granulosa cell proliferation of ovine preantral follicles cultured within ovarian tissue slices and to verify whether GDF-9 could influence follicular activation through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead box O3a (PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a) pathway. Ovine ovarian fragments were cultured in α-MEM+ or α-MEM+ with GDF-9 (1, 50, 100, 200, or 400 ng/ml) for 7 days. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were analyzed. Next, the activation of the PI3K was inhibited with LY294002, and immunostaining for p-Akt and p-FOXO3a proteins was assessed. The concentration of 50 ng/ml GDF-9 had (P < 0.05) more morphologically normal follicles compared to all treatments, except 1 ng/ml GDF-9. Moreover, 50 ng/ml GDF-9 increased primordial follicle activation compared to all treatments, except α-MEM+ and 1 ng/ml GDF-9. However, the concentration of 50 ng/ml GDF-9 showed higher cell proliferation and lower apoptosis than α-MEM+ and 1 ng/ml GDF-9 treatments. Culture of the ovarian tissue with LY294002 inhibited the activation of primordial follicles and reduced p-Akt immunostaining in both α-MEM+ and 50 ng/ml GDF-9 treatments. In addition, after culture with LY294002, the percentage of oocytes with nuclear p-FOXO3 was higher in 50 ng/ml GDF-9 than in the control medium (α-MEM+). In conclusion, after culture of ovine ovarian cortical slices, the addition of 50 ng/ml GDF-9 reduces follicular apoptosis and promotes granulosa cell proliferation likely through the involvement of phosphorylated Akt and FOXO3a.

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As endoparasitoses são enfermidades comuns em cães e gatos, sendo que a disseminação dos parasitos ocorre facilmente entre eles, principalmente em ambientes de abrigos para animais, onde estes permanecem em estreito contato. Além disso, muitas destas parasitoses são consideradas zoonoses. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência dos endoparasitos que acometem os cães e gatos abrigados em um canil municipal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando o Método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) para realização da análise coproparasitológica. Para isso, foram avaliadas 91 amostras fecais, sendo 56 de cães adultos, 9 de cães filhotes, 16 de gatos adultos e 10 de gatos filhotes. As amostras foram processadas através do Método HPJ, que tem como princípio a sedimentação simples. Do total de 91 amostras fecais de cães e gatos estudadas, 69 (75,8%) foram positivas para um ou mais tipos de ovos ou cistos de endoparasitos. Verificou-se uma variável ocorrência de agentes parasitário entre as espécies e faixas etárias estudadas. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da realização de exames coproparasitológicos em animais de abrigos para identificação dos endoparasitos, na tentativa de direcionar o tratamento e evitar a transmissão dos agentes parasitários entre os animais. Além disso, constatou-se que a técnica utilizada na análise das amostras deste estudo é capaz de detecta

RESUMO

As endoparasitoses são enfermidades comuns em cães e gatos, sendo que a disseminação dos parasitos ocorre facilmente entre eles, principalmente em ambientes de abrigos para animais, onde estes permanecem em estreito contato. Além disso, muitas destas parasitoses são consideradas zoonoses. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência dos endoparasitos que acometem os cães e gatos abrigados em um canil municipal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando o Método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) para realização da análise coproparasitológica. Para isso, foram avaliadas 91 amostras fecais, sendo 56 de cães adultos, 9 de cães filhotes, 16 de gatos adultos e 10 de gatos filhotes. As amostras foram processadas através do Método HPJ, que tem como princípio a sedimentação simples. Do total de 91 amostras fecais de cães e gatos estudadas, 69 (75,8%) foram positivas para um ou mais tipos de ovos ou cistos de endoparasitos. Verificou-se uma variável ocorrência de agentes parasitário entre as espécies e faixas etárias estudadas. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da realização de exames coproparasitológicos em animais de abrigos para identificação dos endoparasitos, na tentativa de direcionar o tratamento e evitar a transmissão dos agentes parasitários entre os animais. Além disso, constatou-se que a técnica utilizada na análise das amostras deste estudo é capaz de detectar os mais variados tipos de ovos e cistos de enteroparasitos.9AU)

Endoparasitic infections are often observed in dogs and cats, since parasites spread easily among them, mainly in animal shelter environments, where animals remain close to each other. In addition, several parasitic infections are classified as zoonoses. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate the frequency of endoparasites affecting dogs and cats sheltered in a municipal kennel in Zona da Mata (Forest Zone) region, Minas Gerais State, using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) method to perform the coproparasitological analysis. In total, 91 fecal samples were evaluated: 56 samples from adult dogs; 9, from puppies; 16, from adult cats; and 10, from kitties. Collected samples were processed based on the method by Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ), whose principle lies on simple sedimentation. Sixty-nine (n=69; 75.8%) of the 91 fecal samples tested positive for one, or more, endoparasite egg or cyst type. There was a variable occurrence of parasitic agents among the species and age groups studied. Therefore, the importance of performing coproparasitological tests on animals from shelters to identify endoparasites is highlighted, in an attempt to direct the treatment and prevent the transmission of parasitic agents between animals. Furthermore, it was found that the technique used to analyze the samples in this study is capable of detecting the most varied types of intestinal parasite eggs and cysts.(AU)

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As endoparasitoses são enfermidades comuns em cães e gatos, sendo que a disseminação dos parasitos ocorre facilmente entre eles, principalmente em ambientes de abrigos para animais, onde estes permanecem em estreito contato. Além disso, muitas destas parasitoses são consideradas zoonoses. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência dos endoparasitos que acometem os cães e gatos abrigados em um canil municipal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando o Método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) para realização da análise coproparasitológica. Para isso, foram avaliadas 91 amostras fecais, sendo 56 de cães adultos, 9 de cães filhotes, 16 de gatos adultos e 10 de gatos filhotes. As amostras foram processadas através do Método HPJ, que tem como princípio a sedimentação simples. Do total de 91 amostras fecais de cães e gatos estudadas, 69 (75,8%) foram positivas para um ou mais tipos de ovos ou cistos de endoparasitos. Verificou-se uma variável ocorrência de agentes parasitário entre as espécies e faixas etárias estudadas. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da realização de exames coproparasitológicos em animais de abrigos para identificação dos endoparasitos, na tentativa de direcionar o tratamento e evitar a transmissão dos agentes parasitários entre os animais. Além disso, constatou-se que a técnica utilizada na análise das amostras deste estudo é capaz de detectar os mais variados tipos de ovos e cistos de enteroparasitos.

Endoparasitic infections are often observed in dogs and cats, since parasites spread easily among them, mainly in animal shelter environments, where animals remain close to each other. In addition, several parasitic infections are classified as zoonoses. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate the frequency of endoparasites affecting dogs and cats sheltered in a municipal kennel in Zona da Mata (Forest Zone) region, Minas Gerais State, using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) method to perform the coproparasitological analysis. In total, 91 fecal samples were evaluated: 56 samples from adult dogs; 9, from puppies; 16, from adult cats; and 10, from kitties. Collected samples were processed based on the method by Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ), whose principle lies on simple sedimentation. Sixty-nine (n=69; 75.8%) of the 91 fecal samples tested positive for one, or more, endoparasite egg or cyst type. There was a variable occurrence of parasitic agents among the species and age groups studied. Therefore, the importance of performing coproparasitological tests on animals from shelters to identify endoparasites is highlighted, in an attempt to direct the treatment and prevent the transmission of parasitic agents between animals. Furthermore, it was found that the technique used to analyze the samples in this study is capable of detecting the most varied types of intestinal parasite eggs and cysts.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate follicular survival and development of ovine isolated secondary follicles cultured in medium containing fixed or sequential concentrations of melatonin and further oocyte maturation. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured for 18 days in α-MEM+ alone (control) or with different concentrations of melatonin (100, 500 or 1000 pg/mL) or sequential concentrations of melatonin (Mel Seq: Day 6 = 100; Day 12 = 500; Day 18 = 1000 pg/mL). The percentages of morphologically normal follicles and antral cavity formation increased significantly in 1000 pg/mL melatonin compared to the other treatments. After 18 days, 1000 pg/mL melatonin (Mel 100) showed a greater (P < 0.05) follicular diameter than α-MEM+, 100 and 500 pg/mL melatonin. In addition, the concentration of 500 pg/mL melatonin showed a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of fully grown oocytes than α-MEM+, Mel 100 and Mel Seq treatments. After oocyte maturation, the levels of ROS were lower (P < 0.05) in 1000 pg/mL melatonin (Mel 1000) than in other treatments. Both Mel 1000 and Mel Seq treatments showed significantly higher levels of mitochondrial activity than other treatments. There were no significant differences between 500 and 1000 pg/mL melatonin regarding meiotic stages. In conclusion, the concentration of 1000 pg/mL melatonin maintains survival, promotes follicular development and increases the levels of active mitochondria after in vitro culture of sheep secondary follicles. Moreover, this concentration promotes the meiotic competence of oocytes and decreases the production of ROS during oocyte maturation.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the in vitro culture and maturation of isolated sheep early antral follicles. Isolated early antral follicles were cultured for 12 d in α-minimum essential medium (MEM+) alone (control) or α-MEM+ added with fixed different concentrations (100, 500, or 1,000 pg/mL) or a sequential concentration of melatonin (MelSeq; day 6 = 100; day 12 = 500 pg/mL). The percentage of morphologically normal follicles was higher (P < 0.05) in 500 pg/mL melatonin than the other treatments at 6 d. Mel 500 also showed a higher rate of fully grown oocytes (P < 0.05) than other treatments. After in vitro culture, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in oocytes were similar between Mel 500 and MelSeq, with both being lower (P < 0.05) than other treatments. Oocytes cultured in both Mel 500 and Mel 1000 showed glutathione peroxidase levels similar (P > 0.05) to the control group and higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. Mitochondrial activity was similar (P > 0.05) among control, Mel 500, and Mel 1000 treatments. Mel 500 treatment presented a higher percentage of germinal vesicle breakdown oocytes than the control group and similar percentages to the other treatments. Follicles cultured in melatonin followed by oocyte maturation with the addition of 500 pg/mL melatonin in maturation medium showed increased (P < 0.05) levels of mitochondrial activity compared to α-MEM+ alone. In conclusion, the concentration of 500 pg/mL of melatonin promotes development and decreases ROS levels of ovine oocytes from in vitro grown early antral follicles. Moreover, melatonin increases mitochondrial activity and promotes the acquisition of meiotic competence of these oocytes.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a pastagem, o desempenho, o conforto térmico e os parâmetros hematológicos de bovinos Nelore na fase de terminação em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária com duas densidades de árvores (ILPF-1L= 196 árvores ha-1 e ILPF-3L=448 árvores ha-1) e em pleno sol (ILP). Foram avaliados a massa e a composição morfológica da forragem, o ganho médio diário, o ganho de peso por área e a taxa de lotação no verão e no outono, bem como as variáveis climáticas dos sistemas em três horários e parâmetros hematológicos dos animais (n=60). A massa de forragem foi superior no tratamento ILP e no verão (P<0,05). Porém, a redução da massa de forragem nos sistemas ILPFs não interferiu no desempenho dos animais (P>0,05). A temperatura ambiente, a temperatura do globo e o índice de temperatura e umidade foram melhores nos tratamentos com sombreamento e no período da manhã, proporcionando maior conforto aos animais, sendo ainda confirmado pelo menor volume globular dos bovinos em ILP (P<0,05). Conclui-se que os sistemas com componente arbóreo diminuem a massa de forragem, mas essa redução não altera o desempenho dos animais na fase de terminação. Além disso, os sistemas ILPFs melhoram o conforto térmico, entretanto essa melhora não foi suficiente para favorecer o desempenho.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate pasture, performace, thermal comfort, and haematological parameters of Nellore cattle in the finishing phase in integrated crop-livestock systems with two tree densities (ICLF-1L= 196 ha -1 trees and ICLF-3L= 448 ha -1 trees) and in full sun (ICL). The forage mass morphological composition of the pasture average daily gain, weight gain per area, stocking rate of the animals were evaluated in summer and autumn, and the climatic variables of systems we evaluated at three different times, and haematological parameters of the animals (n= 60). The forage mass was higher in the ICL treatment and summer (P<0.05). However, the reduction of the forage mass in the ILPFs systems did not interfere with the performance of the animals (P>0.05). Ambient temperature, globe temperature and temperature and humidity index were better in shade treatments and in the morning, providing greater comfort to the animals, and was also confirmed by the lower globular volume of the bovines in ICL (P<0.05). It is concluded that the systems with trees reduce the forage mass but this reduction does not alter the animals' performance in the finishing phase. In addition, ICLFs improve the thermal comfort of the animals, however, this improvement was not enough to favor their performance.(AU)

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a pastagem, o desempenho, o conforto térmico e os parâmetros hematológicos de bovinos Nelore na fase de terminação em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária com duas densidades de árvores (ILPF-1L= 196 árvores ha-1 e ILPF-3L=448 árvores ha-1) e em pleno sol (ILP). Foram avaliados a massa e a composição morfológica da forragem, o ganho médio diário, o ganho de peso por área e a taxa de lotação no verão e no outono, bem como as variáveis climáticas dos sistemas em três horários e parâmetros hematológicos dos animais (n=60). A massa de forragem foi superior no tratamento ILP e no verão (P<0,05). Porém, a redução da massa de forragem nos sistemas ILPFs não interferiu no desempenho dos animais (P>0,05). A temperatura ambiente, a temperatura do globo e o índice de temperatura e umidade foram melhores nos tratamentos com sombreamento e no período da manhã, proporcionando maior conforto aos animais, sendo ainda confirmado pelo menor volume globular dos bovinos em ILP (P<0,05). Conclui-se que os sistemas com componente arbóreo diminuem a massa de forragem, mas essa redução não altera o desempenho dos animais na fase de terminação. Além disso, os sistemas ILPFs melhoram o conforto térmico, entretanto essa melhora não foi suficiente para favorecer o desempenho.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate pasture, performace, thermal comfort, and haematological parameters of Nellore cattle in the finishing phase in integrated crop-livestock systems with two tree densities (ICLF-1L= 196 ha -1 trees and ICLF-3L= 448 ha -1 trees) and in full sun (ICL). The forage mass morphological composition of the pasture average daily gain, weight gain per area, stocking rate of the animals were evaluated in summer and autumn, and the climatic variables of systems we evaluated at three different times, and haematological parameters of the animals (n= 60). The forage mass was higher in the ICL treatment and summer (P<0.05). However, the reduction of the forage mass in the ILPFs systems did not interfere with the performance of the animals (P>0.05). Ambient temperature, globe temperature and temperature and humidity index were better in shade treatments and in the morning, providing greater comfort to the animals, and was also confirmed by the lower globular volume of the bovines in ICL (P<0.05). It is concluded that the systems with trees reduce the forage mass but this reduction does not alter the animals' performance in the finishing phase. In addition, ICLFs improve the thermal comfort of the animals, however, this improvement was not enough to favor their performance.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on oxidative stress markers in a group of women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a group of healthy women (CT). Twenty-one women diagnosed with FM and 21 age- and weight-matched healthy women were enrolled the study. Plasma oxidative stress markers (primary outcomes) were evaluated at rest and after WBV, and included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iron reduction capacity (FRAP), superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD), and catalase (CAT). At rest, the FM group had higher TBARS (P<0.001) and FRAP (P<0.001), and lower CAT (P=0.005) compared to the CT. In the CT group, the WBV had no effect on TBARS (P=0.559) and FRAP (P=0.926), whereas it increased both SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.001). In the FM group, the WBV reduced TBARS (p <0.001), FRAP (P<0.001), and CAT (P=0.005), while it increased SOD (P=0.019). There was an interaction effect (moments vs groups) in the TBARS (effect size=1.34), FRAP (effect size=0.93), CAT (effect size=1.45), and SOD (effect size=1.44) (P<0.001). A single trial of WBV exercise improved all oxidant and antioxidant parameters towards a greater adaptation to the stress response in FM women.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the effect of addition of kaempferol alone or combined with other antioxidants (transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid) on in vitro culture of sheep isolated secondary follicles and if PI3K pathway is involved in kaempferol action. Secondary follicles were isolated and cultured for 12 days in α-Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM) supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine and hypoxanthine (α-MEM: antioxidant free-medium) or in this medium also added by transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid (AO: base medium with antioxidants). Moreover, different concentrations of kaempferol (0.1; 1 or 10 µM) were added to the different base media (α-MEM or AO). After culture, glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial activity and meiotic resumption were evaluated. In addition, inhibition of PI3K activity was performed through pretreatment in medium supplemented with LY294002. After 12 days, the percentage of normal follicles was higher (P < 0.05) in AO base medium than the other treatments and similar (P > 0.05) to α-MEM supplemented with 1 or 10 µM kaempferol Moreover, α-MEM plus 1 or 10 µM kaempferol and AO medium showed similar (P > 0.05) follicular diameter, fully-grown oocytes, and GSH levels. However, at the end of the culture, antrum formation was higher (P < 0.05) in α-MEM + 1 µM kaempferol than in AO, and similar (P > 0.05) to α-MEM + 10 µM kaempferol. In addition, oocytes cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 1 µM kaempferol showed greater (P < 0.05) levels of active mitochondria than α-MEM + 10 µM kaempferol and AO medium. The rates of meiotic resumption were similar (P > 0.05) among α-MEM + 1 µM kaempferol and AO medium. LY294002 significantly inhibited antrum formation, follicular diameter and the percentage of fully grown oocytes stimulated by 1 µM kaempferol. In conclusion, 1 µM kaempferol can be used as the single antioxidant present in the base medium, replacing the addition of transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid during in vitro culture of ovine secondary follicles, maintaining follicular survival, increasing active mitochondria levels, and promoting the oocyte meiotic resumption. Moreover, the development of the ovine secondary follicle stimulated by kaempferol is mediated by PI3K pathway.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study analyzed IGF-1 protein immunostaining in sheep ovaries, the effect of IGF-1 alone or associated with FSH on the culture of secondary follicles, and the immunostaining of LHR protein in antral follicles before and after culture. Ovaries were collected for IGF-1 protein analysis. In experiment 1, secondary follicles were cultured in α-MEM+ (control) or α-MEM+ supplemented with IGF-1 (10, 50 or 100 ng/mL). In experiment 2, follicles were cultured in the same media of experiment 1 plus 750 ng/mL FSH. Moreover, LHR immunostaining was analyzed in fresh antral follicles and after culture in 50 ng/mL IGF-1 + FSH. The IGF-1 protein was immunolocalized in oocytes from all stages of follicle development and in the granulosa cells from secondary and antral follicles. IGF-1 did not influence (P > 0.05) follicular viability and growth (experiment 1). However, in experiment 2, 50 ng/mL IGF-1 + FSH stimulated oocyte growth (P < 0.05) and LHR immunostaining in antral follicles. Control medium, 10 or 50 ng/mL IGF-1 + FSH showed similar levels of reactive oxygen species, glutathione and active mitochondria (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the IGF-1 protein is present in all ovarian follicle stages in sheep. Moreover, the association between 50 ng/mL IGF-1 and FSH has a synergistic effect in vitro, increasing the percentage of fully grown oocytes and the intensity of immunostaining of LHR protein in oocytes and granulosa cells of cultured antral follicles.

Assuntos