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Abstract Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at examining the literature regarding the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women. Methods: The Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and BVS databases were accessed by two independent reviewers between July 2020, and June 2021 to search for studies that investigated the effects of RT on BP. The eligibility criteria were determined by the PICOT strategy. P: postmenopausal women, I: RT, in which training variables are presented, C: presence of a control group that does not receive any type of intervention, O: BP measured in both groups, at least before and after the intervention, T: randomized controlled trial. For the studies included in the meta-analysis, we calculated the effects sizes based on the net changes in the systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP for a random effect model with a confidence interval of 95% and a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: The RT group presented a significantly lower SBP (−7.25 mmHg [95% CI: −14.04, −0.45], p = 0.04), while DBP was not statistically significantly different compared to controlled conditions (−2.54 mmHg [95% CI: −5.52, 0.44], p = 0.09). Conclusions: Physically-inactive postmenopausal women who did not take hormone replacement but performed RT exercise had a lower BP value when compared to the control group.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do exercício prévio específico sobre o desempenho em teste intermitente de alta intensidade em jogadoras de futsal e variáveis associadas. Para isso 13 jogadoras amadoras de futsal (24,1 anos; 63,6 kg; 1,61 m; IMC = 24,3 kg/m2 ; % de gordura = 27,9), de maneira cruzada, passaram por duas sessões experimentais separadas por sete dias. Em uma das sessões era realizado um exercício prévio (EP): três primeiros níveis do Yo Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1) repetidos por três vezes. Na sessão controle (CON), as jogadoras permaneciam em repouso (5 min) e após, em ambas as sessões, era realizado o YYIR1 até a exaustão. Antes do início da sessão eram reportadas escalas de recuperação e dor muscular de início tardio, a frequência cardíaca (FC) foi monitorada por toda sessão e, ao término, a percepção de esforço (PSE) era registrada. As percepções de recuperação (p = 0,23) e de dor (p = 0,36) não diferiram entre as sessões EP vs. CON. A FC média durante o exercício prévio foi de 111,3 ± 7,7 bpm. A distância percorrida no YYIR1 não diferiu (p = 0,25) também entre EP (372,3 ± 103,8 m) vs. CON (341,5 ± 84,2 m), bem como a monitoração da FC (mínima, média e máxima). Entretanto, a PSE foi menor (p = 0,0008) na sessão EP (8,5 ± 0,7 UA) do que em CON (9,3 ± 0,6 UA). Assim, concluímos que o exercício prévio não influencia o desempenho intermitente de alta intensidade (YYIR1), nem as variáveis de FC. Porém, o exercício prévio gera menores níveis de percepção de esforço (intensidade interna) em comparação ao repouso antes do YYIR1. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of specific prior exercise on performance in intermittent high intensity testing in futsal players and associated variables. For this, 13 amateur futsal players (24.1 years old; 63.6 kg; 1.61 m; BMI = 24.3 kg / m2; fat% = 27.9), in a crossed way, went through two experimental sessions separated by seven days. In one of the sessions, a previous exercise (PE) was performed: the first three levels of the Yo Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1) repeated three times. In the control session (CON), the players remained at rest (5 min) and afterwards, in both sessions, YYIR1 was performed until exhaustion. Before the start of the session, recovery scales and late-onset muscle pain were reported, the heart rate (HR) was monitored throughout the session and, at the end, the perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded. The perceptions of recovery (p = 0.23) and pain (p = 0.36) did not differ between the PE vs CON. The average HR during the previous exercise was 111.3 ± 7.7 bpm. The distance covered in YYIR1 did not differ (p = 0.25) also between PE (372.3 ± 103.8 m) vs. CON (341.5 ± 84.2 m), as well as HR monitoring (minimum, average and maximum). However, the RPE was lower (p = 0.0008) in the PE session (8.5 ± 0.7 AU) than in CON (9.3 ± 0.6 AU). Thus, we conclude that the previous exercise does not influence the intermittent high intensity performance (YYIR1), nor the HR variables. However, previous exercise generates lower levels of perceived exertion (internal intensity) compared to resting before YYIR1. (AU)

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The acute improvement of performance after photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been reported in different types of exercise. However, the effect on high-intensity and intermittent exercises that are relevant for team sports is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effect of prior acute application of PBMT on high-intensity and intermittent exercise performance, muscle oxygenation, and physiological/perceptual indicators in amateur female futsal players. Thirteen players (24.1 ± 3.7 years) performed a testing battery (countermovement jump (CMJ), Illinois agility and YoYo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1)) preceded by 15 min of PBMT (1 min 30 s each muscular point; five muscular points in each lower limbs) or 15 min of placebo (SHAM), in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design (one-week in-between PBMT/SHAM). All test performance did not differ (p > 0.05) between PBMT and SHAM, as well as blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, and muscle oxygenation (via near infrared spectroscopy) responses. The acute application of PBMT prior to a physical testing battery does not influence high-intensity and intermittent exercises performance, neither physiological nor perceptual responses in amateur female futsal players.

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Rules determine how team sport matches occur. Match-induced fatigue is specific to each sport, and may be associated with injury incidence. For example, the injury rate in soccer is distinctly higher during matches than in training sessions. Understanding the differences between team sports rules might be useful for enhancing rules (e.g., safer sport). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the rule-induced physical demands between soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball, focusing on substitution rules. Data from the elite team sports' rules (e.g., absolute and relative court dimensions; the number of players, substitutions allowed, total game time, time-outs) were collected, including the changes due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in soccer substitutions, and comparisons were performed. The data showed that soccer has higher rule-induced physical demands: e.g., substantially lower substitution rate, higher dimensions in absolute (eight to fifteen times), and relative (four to eight times) values. Simulations also showed that soccer has extremely large differences, even considering COVID-19 substitution changes (from three to up to five). We conclude that elite soccer has remarkably higher overall rule-induced physical demands than elite futsal, basketball and handball, and increasing soccer substitutions permanently (e.g., unlimited) might mitigate overall soccer demands.

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