RESUMO

This study aimed at assessing the effect of pelleted and expanded maize-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels (ML, 0.8 and 1.6%) particle size (PS, 650 and 850µ) of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. A total of 720 one-day-old male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain were used. The experiment was performed over a period of 40d (days) and birds received water and feed ad libitum. From 10 to 13d higher AMEn values were obtained for birds fed expanded feeds with 1.6% ML and 850µ PS. Higher values AMEn were encountered when adding 0.8% ML in pellet feeds with 850µ or 1.6%ML/650µ PS. Expanded and pelleted diets with 1.6% ML (independent of PS, 650 or 850µ) presented higher amino acid digestibility. For diets with 0.8% of ML, better result for the digestibility of amino acids were obtained with PS 650µ for expanded and 850µ for pelleted diets. Higher weight gain was observed in broilers fed diets with 1.6% moisture at 21 and 40d. Feed conversion was improved by adding 1.6% ML only at 21d. Regarding carcass characteristics, expanded diets combined with PS of 650µ led to a higher accumulation of abdominal fat. The birds fed expanded diets at 1.6% moisture had higher breast yields. We concluded that to increase the use of nutrients, EMAn and broiler performance, it is recommended that pelleted diets be prepared with the addition of 1.6% water to the mixer and a particle size of 850µ.(AU)

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It was determined by the total collection of excreta method, with broilers from 22 to 32 days of age, the coefficients of apparent metabolism of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) of the ethanol co-products of corn: acid oil and dried distillery grains with soluble (DDGS). The DDGS and corn acid oil presented nutritional metabolization coefficients ranging from 43 to 83% and AMEn equal 2393.5 and 7859.2kcal/kg respectively, and may be food alternatives to soybean meal and soybean oil.(AU)

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It was determined by the total collection of excreta method, with broilers from 22 to 32 days of age, the coefficients of apparent metabolism of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) of the ethanol co-products of corn: acid oil and dried distillery grains with soluble (DDGS). The DDGS and corn acid oil presented nutritional metabolization coefficients ranging from 43 to 83% and AMEn equal 2393.5 and 7859.2kcal/kg respectively, and may be food alternatives to soybean meal and soybean oil.(AU)

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Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) shapes the distribution of organisms by constraining lineages to parti-cular climatic conditions. Conversely, if areas with similar climates are geographically isolated, diversificationmay also be limited by dispersal. Neotropical xeric habitats provide an ideal system to test the relative roles ofclimate and geography on diversification, as they occur in disjunct areas with similar biotas. Sicariinae sandspiders are intimately associated with these xeric environments, particularly seasonally dry tropical forests(SDTFs) and subtropical deserts/scrublands in Africa (Hexophthalma) and the Neotropics (Sicarius). We explorethe role of PNC, geography and biome shifts in their evolution and timing of diversification. We estimated atime-calibrated, total-evidence phylogeny of Sicariinae, and used published distribution records to estimateclimatic niche and biome occupancy. Topologies were used for estimating ancestral niches and biome shifts. Weused variation partitioning methods to test the relative importance of climate and spatially autocorrelatedfactors in explaining the spatial variation in phylogenetic structure ofSicariusacross the Neotropics. NeotropicalSicariusare ancient and split from their African sister-group around 90 (57–131) million years ago. Most spe-ciation events took place in the Miocene. Sicariinae records can be separated in two groups corresponding totemperate/dry and tropical/seasonally dry climates. The ancestral climatic niche of Sicariinae are temperate/dryareas, with 2–3 shifts to tropical/seasonally dry areas inSicarius. Similarly, ancestral biomes occupied by thegroup are temperate and dry (deserts, Mediterranean scrub, temperate grasslands), with 2–3 shifts to tropical,seasonally dry forests and grasslands. Most of the variation in phylogenetic structure is explained by long-distance dispersal limitation that is independent of the measured climatic conditions. Sicariinae have an ancientassociation to arid lands, suggesting that PNC prevented them from colonizing mesic habitats. However, nichesare labile at a smaller scale, with several shifts from deserts to SDTFs. This suggests that PNC and long-distancedispersal limitation played major roles in confining lineages to isolated areas of SDTF/desert over evolutionaryhistory, although shifts between xeric biomes occurred whenever geographical opportunities were presented

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Frontonasal dysplasia is a complex rare malformation, characterised by abnormalities involving the central portion of the face, especially the eyes, nose and forehead. It can manifest independently or associated with other abnormalities as part of some syndromes. CASE REPORT: The purpose of this case report was to describe a 5-year-old patient, diagnosed with frontonasal dysplasia. Among the abnormalities characterised with this disorder were ocular hypertelorism, broad nose tip with median notch, median facial cleft, bifid anterior skull, low set hairline, Poland's syndactyly and ankyloglossia. TREATMENT: Consisted of behavioural management, oral hygiene instruction, prophylaxis, topical fluoride application, extraction of primary teeth, composite resin restorations and sealants in pits and fissures. Preformed metal crowns were also applied to the right and left primary maxillary second molars. FOLLOW-UP: Currently, the patient is 11 years-old in the permanent dentition and therefore was referred for corrective orthodontic and periodontal treatments due to the persistence of gingival retraction of the permanent mandibular right central incisor. CONCLUSION: The treatment in this case was directed to the promotion of oral health and orthodontic corrections, which are of fundamental importance due to medical, physical and social limitations of children affected by this syndrome, hindering healing and rehabilitative treatment. Paediatric dentists should be included in multidisciplinary teams providing care to patients with special needs, improving their quality of life.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia (OVH) laparoscópica com dois portais. Foram selecionadas 14 cadelas hígidas. Os animais foram separados de forma aleatória, em dois grupos. O grupo M (GM) recebeu meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.), enquanto os animais do grupo MT (GMT) receberam a associação de meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.) e tramadol (4mg kg-1, t.i.d.), ambos durante dois dias de pós-operatório. Para avaliação da dor pós-cirúrgica, foram utilizadas as escalas de Melbourne e escala visual analógica (EVA), além de mensurações de glicemia e cortisol sérico. Não houve diferença ao se avaliarem os grupos GM e GMT pela escala de Melbourne nem pela EVA. As mensurações de cortisol não atingiram valores superiores aos de referência para a espécie, enquanto os valores de glicemia não apresentaram variação significativa ao longo do tempo de avaliação nem entre grupos. Com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, nas doses e posologias propostas, é eficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à OVH laparoscópica com dois portais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of meloxicam with or without tramadol for pain control after laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH) by two-portal access. Were selected 14 healthy dogs to perform video-assisted OVHs. The animals were divided randomly into two groups (GM and GMT). The GM group received meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d), whereas the GMT group received the combination of meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d) and tramadol (4mg kg-1, tid), both for two days after surgery. To evaluate the post-surgical pain Melbourne and EVA scales were used, and blood glucose and serum cortisol were measured. There was no statistical difference when evaluating GM and GMT groups and the Melbourne scale or the visual analogue scale VAS. Cortisol measurements did not reach values higher than the reference for the species, while blood glucose levels did not present significant statistical variation throughout the evaluation time or between groups. With these results, we concluded that the use of meloxicam with or without the tramadol at the doses and dosage schedules proposed, is effective to control postoperative pain in bitches that had undergone video-assisted OVH with two-portal access.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia (OVH) laparoscópica com dois portais. Foram selecionadas 14 cadelas hígidas. Os animais foram separados de forma aleatória, em dois grupos. O grupo M (GM) recebeu meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.), enquanto os animais do grupo MT (GMT) receberam a associação de meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.) e tramadol (4mg kg-1, t.i.d.), ambos durante dois dias de pós-operatório. Para avaliação da dor pós-cirúrgica, foram utilizadas as escalas de Melbourne e escala visual analógica (EVA), além de mensurações de glicemia e cortisol sérico. Não houve diferença ao se avaliarem os grupos GM e GMT pela escala de Melbourne nem pela EVA. As mensurações de cortisol não atingiram valores superiores aos de referência para a espécie, enquanto os valores de glicemia não apresentaram variação significativa ao longo do tempo de avaliação nem entre grupos. Com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, nas doses e posologias propostas, é eficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à OVH laparoscópica com dois portais.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of meloxicam with or without tramadol for pain control after laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH) by two-portal access. Were selected 14 healthy dogs to perform video-assisted OVHs. The animals were divided randomly into two groups (GM and GMT). The GM group received meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d), whereas the GMT group received the combination of meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d) and tramadol (4mg kg-1, tid), both for two days after surgery. To evaluate the post-surgical pain Melbourne and EVA scales were used, and blood glucose and serum cortisol were measured. There was no statistical difference when evaluating GM and GMT groups and the Melbourne scale or the visual analogue scale VAS. Cortisol measurements did not reach values higher than the reference for the species, while blood glucose levels did not present significant statistical variation throughout the evaluation time or between groups. With these results, we concluded that the use of meloxicam with or without the tramadol at the doses and dosage schedules proposed, is effective to control postoperative pain in bitches that had undergone video-assisted OVH with two-portal access.(AU)

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In the current experimental study, two different instruments were compared for prophylactic hemostasis during a 3-port technique of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Moreover, the need for port enlargement for specimen retrieval using 5mm or 10mm trocartes, technical difficulties and complications were assessed. Ultrasonic energy and a vascular sealing system were tested. Duration of surgery, patient weight and diameter of the uterine arteries and veins were compared among the groups. Fifteen dogs randomly divided into three groups (GI, GII, GIII) were submitted to ovariohysterectomy with hemostasis from the use of ultrasonic scalpel or vascular sealing equipment. In GI and GII the LigaSure(tm) impedance-controlled bipolar vessel-sealing device was used, differing in the size of trocartes used between groups, and in GIII Autosonix(tm) was used. Patients' weight, duration of surgery, technical difficulties and complications were compared among the groups. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the data analyzed among the groups. In conclusion, both methods of hemostasis were effective for 3-port total laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in bitches. However, 5mm trocartes were not adequate for retrieval of the uterus and ovaries without need for enlargement of the port incision.

No presente experimento, foram comparados dois diferentes equipamentos, um com emprego de energia ultrassônica, e outro utilizando sistema de selamento vascular, como única forma de hemostasia em ovário-histerectomias laparoscópicas com três portais em cadelas. Ademais, a necessidade de ampliação da incisão do portal de 5mm ou de 10mm para a remoção dos espécimes ressecados, dificuldades técnicas e complicações foram avaliadas. Quinze cadelas aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos (GI, GII, GIII) foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia com hemostasia a partir da utilização de bisturi ultrassônico ou equipamento de selamento vascular. Nos GI e GII foi utilizado um sistema de selamento vascular eletrotérmico bipolar (LigaSure(r)), diferindo-se no tamanho dos portais utilizados; em GIII foi utilizado bisturi ultrassônico (Autosonix(r)). A análise estatística não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os dados analisados nos três grupos. Conclui-se que ambos os métodos de hemostasia utilizados mostraram-se adequados e viabilizaram a realização de ovário-histerectomia laparoscópica em cadelas. Todavia, o trocarte de 5mm não foi adequado para remoção do útero e ovários sem necessidade de ampliação da incisão de acesso.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the current experimental study, two different instruments were compared for prophylactic hemostasis during a 3-port technique of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Moreover, the need for port enlargement for specimen retrieval using 5mm or 10mm trocartes, technical difficulties and complications were assessed. Ultrasonic energy and a vascular sealing system were tested. Duration of surgery, patient weight and diameter of the uterine arteries and veins were compared among the groups. Fifteen dogs randomly divided into three groups (GI, GII, GIII) were submitted to ovariohysterectomy with hemostasis from the use of ultrasonic scalpel or vascular sealing equipment. In GI and GII the LigaSure(tm) impedance-controlled bipolar vessel-sealing device was used, differing in the size of trocartes used between groups, and in GIII Autosonix(tm) was used. Patients' weight, duration of surgery, technical difficulties and complications were compared among the groups. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the data analyzed among the groups. In conclusion, both methods of hemostasis were effective for 3-port total laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in bitches. However, 5mm trocartes were not adequate for retrieval of the uterus and ovaries without need for enlargement of the port incision.(AU)

No presente experimento, foram comparados dois diferentes equipamentos, um com emprego de energia ultrassônica, e outro utilizando sistema de selamento vascular, como única forma de hemostasia em ovário-histerectomias laparoscópicas com três portais em cadelas. Ademais, a necessidade de ampliação da incisão do portal de 5mm ou de 10mm para a remoção dos espécimes ressecados, dificuldades técnicas e complicações foram avaliadas. Quinze cadelas aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos (GI, GII, GIII) foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia com hemostasia a partir da utilização de bisturi ultrassônico ou equipamento de selamento vascular. Nos GI e GII foi utilizado um sistema de selamento vascular eletrotérmico bipolar (LigaSure(r)), diferindo-se no tamanho dos portais utilizados, em GIII foi utilizado bisturi ultrassônico (Autosonix(r)). A análise estatística não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os dados analisados nos três grupos. Conclui-se que ambos os métodos de hemostasia utilizados mostraram-se adequados e viabilizaram a realização de ovário-histerectomia laparoscópica em cadelas. Todavia, o trocarte de 5mm não foi adequado para remoção do útero e ovários sem necessidade de ampliação da incisão de acesso.(AU)

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Two trials were performed to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values and coefficients of apparent metabolizability of nitrogen (CAMN) and of ether extract (CAMEE) of slow- and fast-growing broilers (Isa label and Cobb, respectively) fed four different diets between 10 to 17 days or 28 to 35 days of age. The method of total excreta collection was applied. The tested feedstuffs were corn, whole corn germ (WCG), sorghum, and soybean meal (SBM). A randomized block experimental design was applied, with two treatments (breeds) and four replicates of ten animals each in the first trial, and four replicates of six animals each in the second trial. No differences in CAMN values were observed between the breeds; however, Isa Label birds presented higher CAMEE for all tested feedstuffs. The AME and AMEn values obtained in Isa Label chickens fed the corn diet were 5.75 and 3.44% higher relative tothe Cobb birds, respectively. Breed did not influence AME and AMEn values of the other tested feedstuffs. Independently of breed, age influenced the AME and AMEn values of WCG, sorghum and SBM, suggesting that birds become utilize feed more efficiently as they age.

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RESUMO

Two trials were performed to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values and coefficients of apparent metabolizability of nitrogen (CAMN) and of ether extract (CAMEE) of slow- and fast-growing broilers (Isa label and Cobb, respectively) fed four different diets between 10 to 17 days or 28 to 35 days of age. The method of total excreta collection was applied. The tested feedstuffs were corn, whole corn germ (WCG), sorghum, and soybean meal (SBM). A randomized block experimental design was applied, with two treatments (breeds) and four replicates of ten animals each in the first trial, and four replicates of six animals each in the second trial. No differences in CAMN values were observed between the breeds; however, Isa Label birds presented higher CAMEE for all tested feedstuffs. The AME and AMEn values obtained in Isa Label chickens fed the corn diet were 5.75 and 3.44% higher relative tothe Cobb birds, respectively. Breed did not influence AME and AMEn values of the other tested feedstuffs. Independently of breed, age influenced the AME and AMEn values of WCG, sorghum and SBM, suggesting that birds become utilize feed more efficiently as they age.(AU)

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The cross-species transferability of 20 microsatellite markers was tested in the genus Lippia. Eleven markers were polymorphic after screening 19 accessions of Lippia sidoides and Lippia gracilis maintained in the Active Germplasm Bank (AGB) from Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Additionally, 40 accessions of Lippia spp were collected in Sergipe to increase the germplasm bank. A total of 23, 22, and 36 alleles were identified, with an average of 2.3, 2.2, and 3.27 alleles per locus, respectively, for each group. The markers that were used were efficient tools to access genetic diversity in the germplasm bank and will be useful for further research aiming at the conservation and management of these important aromatic species.

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Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da formulação de rações para frangos de corte de crescimento lento, com a utilização de valores de energia metabolizável (EMAn) dos alimentos determinados por linhagens de crescimento rápido e lento, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, biometria de órgãos digestórios e valores energéticos das rações experimentais. Utilizaram-se 72 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Isa Label, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (energia dos alimentos) e seis repetições de seis animais cada. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos consistiram na formulação de rações baseadas na energia do milho e no farelo de soja determinados com frangos Cobb (EMAn Cobb) e Isa Label (EMAn Isa Label). O experimento foi conduzido na fase inicial, e as aves consumiram as dietas por 28 dias. A formulação da dieta baseada na EMAn Cobb e Isa Label não afetou o desempenho, a biometria de órgãos digestórios e as características de carcaça de aves de crescimento lento. Porém, a dieta formulada com a EMAn Isa Label resultou em melhor conversão calórica e menor deposição de gordura abdominal na carcaça das aves. EMAn da ração semelhante ao nível calculado foi determinada com a formulação baseada na EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinada com a linhagem Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Os valores de EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinados com aves Isa Label não afetam o desempenho dos frangos de crescimento lento, porém resultam em menor gordura abdominal, atendendo aos anseios dos consumidores de aves alternativas...

We conducted this work aiming to evaluate the effect of using the metabolizable energy of food, determined by different strains (AMEn Cobb and AMEn Isa Label), on diet formulation for slow growing broilers on the performance, carcass characteristics, biometrical morphometry measures of digestive organs and energetic values of the experimental diets. A total of 72 male broiler chickens, Isa Label, were used and the experiment followed a randomized blocks design with two treatments (feedstuff energy), and six replicates of six birds each. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments consisted in formulating diets using the energy of corn and soybean meal determined by Cobb and Isa Label strains. The experiment was conducted in the starter phase and the birds consumed the diets for 28 days. The diet formulated based on AMEn Cobb or Isa Label did not affect the performance, biometrical and morphometry measures of digestive organs and carcass characteristics. However, the diet formulated according to AMEn Isa Label resulted in better caloric conversion, bioeconomic energetic conversion and lower deposition of abdominal fat. AMEn of the diets similar to those calculated levels were determined with the formulation based on AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined for the line Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Values of AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined with Isa Label strains not affect the performance of slow growing broilers, but resulted in lower abdominal fat according to the desires of consumers for alternative poultry...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da formulação de rações para frangos de corte de crescimento lento, com a utilização de valores de energia metabolizável (EMAn) dos alimentos determinados por linhagens de crescimento rápido e lento, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, biometria de órgãos digestórios e valores energéticos das rações experimentais. Utilizaram-se 72 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Isa Label, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (energia dos alimentos) e seis repetições de seis animais cada. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos consistiram na formulação de rações baseadas na energia do milho e no farelo de soja determinados com frangos Cobb (EMAn Cobb) e Isa Label (EMAn Isa Label). O experimento foi conduzido na fase inicial, e as aves consumiram as dietas por 28 dias. A formulação da dieta baseada na EMAn Cobb e Isa Label não afetou o desempenho, a biometria de órgãos digestórios e as características de carcaça de aves de crescimento lento. Porém, a dieta formulada com a EMAn Isa Label resultou em melhor conversão calórica e menor deposição de gordura abdominal na carcaça das aves. EMAn da ração semelhante ao nível calculado foi determinada com a formulação baseada na EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinada com a linhagem Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Os valores de EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinados com aves Isa Label não afetam o desempenho dos frangos de crescimento lento, porém resultam em menor gordura abdominal, atendendo aos anseios dos consumidores de aves alternativas.(AU)

We conducted this work aiming to evaluate the effect of using the metabolizable energy of food, determined by different strains (AMEn Cobb and AMEn Isa Label), on diet formulation for slow growing broilers on the performance, carcass characteristics, biometrical morphometry measures of digestive organs and energetic values of the experimental diets. A total of 72 male broiler chickens, Isa Label, were used and the experiment followed a randomized blocks design with two treatments (feedstuff energy), and six replicates of six birds each. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments consisted in formulating diets using the energy of corn and soybean meal determined by Cobb and Isa Label strains. The experiment was conducted in the starter phase and the birds consumed the diets for 28 days. The diet formulated based on AMEn Cobb or Isa Label did not affect the performance, biometrical and morphometry measures of digestive organs and carcass characteristics. However, the diet formulated according to AMEn Isa Label resulted in better caloric conversion, bioeconomic energetic conversion and lower deposition of abdominal fat. AMEn of the diets similar to those calculated levels were determined with the formulation based on AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined for the line Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Values of AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined with Isa Label strains not affect the performance of slow growing broilers, but resulted in lower abdominal fat according to the desires of consumers for alternative poultry.(AU)

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RESUMO

Avaliaram-se duas novas técnicas de inseminação laparoscópica intrauterina com o uso de agulha espinhal em ovinos. Foram realizadas quatro etapas experimentais, sendo os animais separados em dois grupos em cada etapa. Para tanto, foram utilizados os posicionamentos quadrupedal e dorsal. Realizou-se a inseminação de 80 ovinos após a sincronização de cio. Verificou-se que os acessos laparoscópicos propostos foram viáveis para a inseminação em ovinos. Considerou-se que a inseminação em posicionamento quadrupedal foi tecnicamente mais difícil se comparada ao acesso laparoscópico em decúbito dorsal, porém, com o aprimoramento da técnica e na dependência dos resultados quanto aos índices de prenhez, poderá se tornar procedimento adequado para a inseminação de ovelhas.

This study evaluated two new laparoscopic intrauterine insemination techniques with spinal needles in sheep. Four experimental stages were done, in which the animals were separated into two groups aiming to evaluate the techniques used. We used a total of 80 estrus-synchronized sheep, which were placed in quadrupedal or dorsal recumbence. The results showed that both insemination techniques using a spinal needle are feasible, but the quadrupedal insemination is technically more difficult compared to the laparoscopic approach in the dorsal position. With technical improvement and depending on the results in relation to pregnancy rates, this access could be considered an alternative procedure for sheep insemination.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliaram-se duas novas técnicas de inseminação laparoscópica intrauterina com o uso de agulha espinhal em ovinos. Foram realizadas quatro etapas experimentais, sendo os animais separados em dois grupos em cada etapa. Para tanto, foram utilizados os posicionamentos quadrupedal e dorsal. Realizou-se a inseminação de 80 ovinos após a sincronização de cio. Verificou-se que os acessos laparoscópicos propostos foram viáveis para a inseminação em ovinos. Considerou-se que a inseminação em posicionamento quadrupedal foi tecnicamente mais difícil se comparada ao acesso laparoscópico em decúbito dorsal, porém, com o aprimoramento da técnica e na dependência dos resultados quanto aos índices de prenhez, poderá se tornar procedimento adequado para a inseminação de ovelhas.(AU)

This study evaluated two new laparoscopic intrauterine insemination techniques with spinal needles in sheep. Four experimental stages were done, in which the animals were separated into two groups aiming to evaluate the techniques used. We used a total of 80 estrus-synchronized sheep, which were placed in quadrupedal or dorsal recumbence. The results showed that both insemination techniques using a spinal needle are feasible, but the quadrupedal insemination is technically more difficult compared to the laparoscopic approach in the dorsal position. With technical improvement and depending on the results in relation to pregnancy rates, this access could be considered an alternative procedure for sheep insemination.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to ten antimicrobial agents and the presence of bla ( TEM1 ) gene of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from three natural oligotrophic lakes with varying degrees of anthropogenic influence. A total of 272 indigenous bacteria were recovered on eosin methylene blue medium; they were characterized for antimicrobial resistance and identified taxonomically by homology search and phylogenetic comparisons. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequences analysis, 97% of the isolates were found to be Gram-negative bacteria; they belonged to 11 different genera. Members of the genera Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas predominated. Most of the bacteria were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The incidence of resistance to beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and mercury was high, whereas resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and nalidixic acid was low. There was a great frequency of multiple resistances among the isolates from the three lakes, although no significant differences were found among the disturbed and reference lakes. The ampicillin resistance mechanism of 71% of the isolates was due to the gene bla ( TEM1 ). Our study suggests that multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria and the bla ( TEM1 ) gene are common in freshwater oligotrophic lakes, which are subject to different levels of anthropogenic inputs.

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Lychnophora pinaster Mart. (Asteraceae) is a Brazilian medicinal plant, extensively employed in popular medicine as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and healing agent. Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed and optimized for L. pinaster from an enriched genomic library. The markers were used to analyse 37 plants from two native populations, generating an average number of 6.6 alleles per polymorphic locus. These loci are important tools for future studies of population genetics.

RESUMO

The tyrannids are one of the most diverse groups of birds in the world, and the most numerous suboscine family in the Neotropics. Reflecting such diversity, many taxonomic issues arise in this group, mainly due to morphological similarities, even among phylogenetically distant species. Other issues appear at higher taxonomic levels, mostly brought up by genetic studies, making systematics a rather inconclusive issue. This study looks into the use of DNA barcodes method to discriminate and identify Tyrannidae species occurring in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes of Brazil. We analysed 266 individuals of 71 tyrant-flycatcher species from different geographical locations by sequencing 542 bp of the mtDNA COI gene. The great majority of the analysed species showed exclusive haplotypes, usually displaying low intraspecific diversity and high interspecific divergence. Only Casiornis fuscus and Casiornis rufus, suggested in some studies to belong to a single species, could not be phylogenetically separated. High intraspecific diversity was observed among Elaenia obscura individuals, which can suggest the existence of cryptic species in this taxon. The same was also observed for Suiriri suiriri, considered by some authors to comprise at least two species, and by others to be divided into three subspecies. Additionally, the use of sequences from voucher specimens allowed us to correct four misidentifications that had happened in the field. Our findings suggest a great power of the COI barcodes to discriminate species of the Tyrannidae family that are found in Brazil.