RESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in the elderly population in the city of Belém, PA from 2011 to 2015 according to the Living Conditions Index (LCI). This was an epidemiological, descriptive, ecological, and retrospective study involving 1,134 cases. Data were collected through the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). For data analysis, we used the incidence coefficient, global and local empirical Bayesian model, Kernel density, and Kernel ratio. The construction of the LCI was based on the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) method. The incidence of TB remained the same over the five years studied. No neighborhood was found to have a high incidence of TB and a high LCI, but most of the cases occurred in the south of the city where the neighborhoods with the most precarious conditions are located. Moreover, the lowest incidence was in neighborhoods that historically had better infrastructure. Spatial analysis tools facilitate studies on the dynamics of disease transmission such as TB. In this study, it was shown that TB is heterogeneously distributed throughout the municipality. Living conditions, especially in slums, influenced TB incidence.
Assuntos
Condições Sociais , Tuberculose , Idoso , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Tuberculose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in the elderly population in the city of Belém, PA from 2011 to 2015 according to the Living Conditions Index (LCI). This was an epidemiological, descriptive, ecological, and retrospective study involving 1,134 cases. Data were collected through the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). For data analysis, we used the incidence coefficient, global and local empirical Bayesian model, Kernel density, and Kernel ratio. The construction of the LCI was based on the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) method. The incidence of TB remained the same over the five years studied. No neighborhood was found to have a high incidence of TB and a high LCI, but most of the cases occurred in the south of the city where the neighborhoods with the most precarious conditions are located. Moreover, the lowest incidence was in neighborhoods that historically had better infrastructure. Spatial analysis tools facilitate studies on the dynamics of disease transmission such as TB. In this study, it was shown that TB is heterogeneously distributed throughout the municipality. Living conditions, especially in slums, influenced TB incidence.
RESUMO
Given that the criteria for sexual performance including males considered normal is not clear in available literature, the authors sought a way to choose standards that would leave no doubts as far competence of performance and neurophysiological integrity in the control of sexual performance. The results found in more than 5,000 electromyographic evaluations on erectile dysfunction were equivalent to the results from a previous research, "The electromyographic gold standard to male sexual capacity", where normal males were evaluated according to the latency period, amplitude and morphology. To classify the results as "The gold standard", we used a selected and accurate method that excluded any doubts about the sexual performance. These men had the installation capacity, maintenance and control of their ejaculation, totally voluntary. The similarity between the clinical picture and the electromyographic events, suggests that the amplitude and the morphology, beyond the latency period, may indicate the quality of neurotransmission.