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Caffeine has been extensively studied in the context of CNS pathologies as many researchers have shown that consuming it reduces pro-inflammatory biomarkers, potentially delaying the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies. Several lines of evidence suggest that adenosine receptors, especially A1 and A2A receptors, are the main targets of its neuroprotective action. We found that caffeine pretreatment 15 min before LPS administration reduced the expression of Il1b in the hippocampus and striatum. The harmful modulation of caffeine-induced inflammatory response involved the downregulation of the expression of A2A receptors, especially in the hippocampus. Caffeine treatment alone promoted the downregulation of the adenosinergic receptor Adora2A; however, this promotion effect was reversed by LPS. Although administering caffeine increased the expression of the enzymes DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3A and decreased the expression of the demethylase enzyme Tet1, this effect was reversed by LPS in the hippocampus of mice that were administered Caffeine + LPS, relative to the basal condition; no significant differences were observed in the methylation status of the promoter regions of adenosine receptors. Finally, the bioinformatics analysis of the expanded network demonstrated the following results: the Adora2B gene connects the extended networks of the adenosine receptors Adora1 and Adora2A; the Mapk3 and Esr1 genes connect the extended Adora1 network; the Mapk4 and Arrb2 genes connect the extended Adora2A network with the extended network of the proinflammatory cytokine Il1ß. These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of acute caffeine administration in the hippocampus may be mediated by a complex network of interdependencies between the Adora2B and Adora2A genes.
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Cafeína , Regulação para Baixo , Hipocampo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Receptor A2A de Adenosina , Animais , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cafeína/farmacologia , Masculino , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/induzido quimicamente , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the reorganization of health services to cater to the needs of individuals affected by the virus. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between musculoskeletal pain during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the utilization of health services among adults in southern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals aged 18 years and older, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between December 2020 and March 2021. Questionnaires were electronically collected using tablets through the REDCap platform via phone calls. The health service utilization outcomes assessed included Primary Health Care, general practitioners, private emergency care, and specialized services. The exposure variable was the presence of musculoskeletal pain during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in different regions, such as cervical, upper limbs, thoracic, lumbar, and lower limbs. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between health service utilization during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection and musculoskeletal pain during and after the infection with SARS-CoV-2 among adults in southern Brazil. Data were analyzed using the Stata 16.1 statistical package. RESULTS: A total of 2,919 individuals were interviewed. Overall, individuals with musculoskeletal pain were found to utilize health services approximately 15 percentage points higher when compared to those without musculoskeletal pain. In adjusted analysis, individuals who reported musculoskeletal pain during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection were up to twice as likely to use health services. Among them, the emergency care unit was the most frequently used service, particularly in those with pain in the lower limbs (RP=2.19, 95% CI 1.66-2.87) and thoracic region (RP=2.04, 95% CI 1.47-2.84). Notably, the highest magnitudes of association were observed with emergency care units, specialist doctors, and specialized services, especially neurologists, who were two to three times more likely to be sought, followed by pulmonologists. CONCLUSION: Health service utilization was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. All regions, except for the cervical region, showed a correlation with the use of Primary Health Care. The thoracic region featured an association with pulmonologists and emergency room utilization. Additionally, health services like emergency care units, specialist doctors, and specialized services, including cardiologists and neurologists, were commonly utilized across all regions in southern Brazil.
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COVID-19 , Dor Musculoesquelética , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Dor Musculoesquelética/diagnóstico , Dor Musculoesquelética/epidemiologia , Dor Musculoesquelética/terapia , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
Brain Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in the regulation of several important biological processes, including neuronal activity, cognitive processes, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. In this context, the transcriptional repressor, RE1 silencing transcription factor (Rest), acts regulating the expression of neuronal genes as well as of lncRNAs and multiple miRNAs in the central nervous system. Nevertheless, its role in neuroinflammation was less explored. Here, we demonstrate, using an in vivo model of neuroinflammation induced by i.p. injection of LPS (0.33 mg/kg), that neuroinflammation increases gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines concomitant with the native and truncated forms of Rest and of non-coding RNAs. Additionally, the increased expression of enzymes Drosha ribonuclease III) (Drosha), Exportin 5 (Xpo5) and Endoribonuclease dicer (Dicer), associated with high expression of neuroprotective miRs 22 and 132 are indicative that the activation of biogenesis of miRs in the hippocampal region is a Central Nervous System (CNS) protective mechanism for the deleterious effects of neuroinflammation. Our results indicate that positive regulation of Rest gene expression in the hippocampal region by neuroinflammation correlates directly with the expression of miRs 22 and 132 and inversely with miR 335. In parallel, the confirmation of the possible alignment between the lncRNAs with miR 335 by bioinformatics corroborates with the sponge effect of Hottip and Hotair hybridizing and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory action of miR 335. This suggests the existence of a possible correlation between the activation of miR biogenesis machinery with increased expression of the transcription factor Rest, contributing to neuroprotection.
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Hipocampo , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Neuroproteção/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Animais , CamundongosRESUMO
To investigate the presence of burnout syndrome in child athlete tryouts for the Brazilian Handball Team, before and after the National Development and Technical Improvement Camp is of great interest. A correlational study, with longitudinal design of the before-and-after type, carried out with 64 male athletes in the children's category, immersed in the National Camp for Development and Improvement of Handball Technique, in the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil, in December 2018. To evaluate burnout syndrome, we used the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). There was a statistically significant increase of the mean scores for burnout and dimensions (Physical and Emotional Exhaustion = 1.5 to 1.6; p-value < 0.001; Reduced Sense of Accomplishment = 2.7 to 2.9; p-value < 0.001; Sports Devaluation = 1.4 to 1.6; p-value < 0.001; and General Burnout = 1.9 to 2.0; p-value < 0.001). The athletes selected for the national team had lower mean scores for general burnout and dimensions (Physical and Emotional Exhaustion = 1.5; Reduced Sense of Accomplishment = 2.7; Sports Devaluation = 1.5; General Burnout = 1.9). The National Camp for Development and Technical Improvement can have a negative impact on the mental health of athletes. This event is important to select the competitors with greater ability to face the pressure and adversities present in the sport environment.
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Esgotamento Profissional , Esportes , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil , Esportes/psicologia , Atletas/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologiaRESUMO
Abstract Hemodialysis central venous catheter (CVC) insertion can be complicated in patients with anomalous vessel anatomy. In such cases detailed knowledge of thoracic vessel anatomy is necessary to identify the exact location of the catheter. Central venous placement under ultrasound control has significantly reduced the complications associated with blind puncture and allows an appropriate puncture of the desired vessel, but the CVC can still get misplaced if it follows an anomalous route. Herein, we report a case of dialysis catheter placed into a left sided superior vena cava, only diagnosed after CT scan study.
Resumo A inserção do cateter venoso central (CVC) para hemodiálise pode ser complicada em pacientes com anatomia anômala dos vasos. Nesses casos, o conhecimento detalhado da anatomia do vaso torácico é necessário para identificar a localização exata do cateter. A colocação venosa central sob controle de ultrassom tem reduzido significativamente as complicações associadas à punção às cegas e permite uma punção apropriada do vaso desejado, mas o CVC ainda pode ficar mal posicionado se seguir uma rota anômala. Aqui, relatamos um caso de cateter de diálise colocado em uma veia cava superior esquerda, apenas diagnosticado após estudo de tomografia computadorizada.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney transplant recipients are a subgroup of patients at higher risk of critical forms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and poor outcomes due to immunosuppression treatment. Herein, we present data from a single center cohort of kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: In a prospective study, baseline characteristics, clinical features, antiviral and immunosuppression management were compared between outpatients and hospitalized patients, during a one-year period. Results: Seventy-seven kidney transplant recipients were analyzed, including outpatients and hospitalized patients, with a median age of 57.7 (IQR 49.7-64.9) years. Twenty-eight (36.4%) were managed as outpatients, while 49 (63.6%) patients required hospital admission. Among hospitalized patients, 18.4% were admitted in ICU, 49% had AKI, and 20.4% died. Immunosuppression adjustments were performed in 95.9% of hospitalized patients, with dose of anti-metabolites adjusted in 83.7%, mTOR inhibitors in 14.3%, calcineurin inhibitors in 12.2%, and corticosteroid therapy in 81.6%. Conclusion: Among hospitalized patients, immunosuppression management included reduction or withdrawal of anti-metabolite and increase of corticosteroid dose. AKI occurred in almost half of patients and mortality in hospitalized patients reached 20%, reflecting greater disease severity than the general population.
RESUMO Introdução: Receptores de transplante renal são um subgrupo de doentes com maior risco de apresentar formas críticas de infecção por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave pelo Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) e piores outcomes devido ao tratamento imunossupressor. Aqui, apresentamos dados de uma coorte de um único centro de receptores de transplante renal com infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Num estudo prospectivo, características basais, características clínicas, adaptação da terapêutica antiviral e de imunossupressão foram comparados entre doentes seguidos em ambulatório e doentes hospitalizados durante um período de um ano. Resultados: Foram analisados setenta e sete receptores de transplante renal, incluindo doentes de ambulatório e hospitalizados, com idade média de 57,7 (IIQ 49,7-64,9) anos. Vinte e oito (36,4%) foram tratados em ambulatório enquanto 49 (63,6%) doentes necessitaram de internação hospitalar. Entre os doentes hospitalizados, 18,4% foram admitidos na UTI, 49% apresentaram LRA, e 20,4% morreram. Foram realizados ajustes de imunossupressão em 95,9% dos pacientes hospitalizados, com dose de antimetabólitos ajustada em 83,7%, inibidores de mTOR em 14,3%, inibidores de calcineurina em 12,2%, e terapia com corticosteroides em 81,6%. Conclusão: Entre os pacientes hospitalizados, a optimização da terapêutica imunossupressora incluiu redução ou retirada de antimetabólito e aumento da dose de corticosteroides. A LRA ocorreu em quase metade dos pacientes e a mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados atingiu 20%, refletindo uma maior gravidade da doença em relação à população em geral.
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INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplant recipients are a subgroup of patients at higher risk of critical forms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and poor outcomes due to immunosuppression treatment. Herein, we present data from a single center cohort of kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: In a prospective study, baseline characteristics, clinical features, antiviral and immunosuppression management were compared between outpatients and hospitalized patients, during a one-year period. RESULTS: Seventy-seven kidney transplant recipients were analyzed, including outpatients and hospitalized patients, with a median age of 57.7 (IQR 49.7-64.9) years. Twenty-eight (36.4%) were managed as outpatients, while 49 (63.6%) patients required hospital admission. Among hospitalized patients, 18.4% were admitted in ICU, 49% had AKI, and 20.4% died. Immunosuppression adjustments were performed in 95.9% of hospitalized patients, with dose of anti-metabolites adjusted in 83.7%, mTOR inhibitors in 14.3%, calcineurin inhibitors in 12.2%, and corticosteroid therapy in 81.6%. CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized patients, immunosuppression management included reduction or withdrawal of anti-metabolite and increase of corticosteroid dose. AKI occurred in almost half of patients and mortality in hospitalized patients reached 20%, reflecting greater disease severity than the general population.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , COVID-19 , Transplante de Rim , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Calcineurina , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The mineralogical and geochemical characterization of sediments of the Reconquista River allows analyzing the geochemical partition of trace elements in one of the most polluted water courses of Argentina. The low dissolved oxygen and high ammonia contents, together with the high chemical oxygen demand, attest to the poor water quality. Ammonia, Cd and Cu content in surficial water exceeds the maximum guidelines for freshwater in Argentina. The recent sediments of the uppermost bed are enriched in organic matter (OM), sulfur, Zn, Cu and Pb. The enrichment factor is moderate, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu and Pb indicates uncontaminated to moderately contaminated sediments. The positive and significant correlation between As, Cr, Pb and Zn with the iron content suggests that their retention is controlled by the amount of iron oxy (hydr)oxides in the sediments, probably combined with the silt + clay abundance. In comparison with its tributary, the Las Catonas Stream, the Reconquista River, has less OM and trace elements in the sediments and more dissolved trace elements in the interstitial water. We interpret that OM is the main sorbent of the trace element. In the absence of OM, the iron oxy (hydr)oxides and the silt + clay fraction are a less efficient substitute. Consequently, the interstitial waters of the Reconquista River are enriched in these elements. Therefore, minor changes in the environmental conditions may generate significant release of hazardous trace elements from the sediments to the interstitial water and, in turn, to the surficial water of the river. As most of the big cities and the agricultural activities of Argentina are developed on the loessic substrate, the understanding of its interaction with polluted waters is crucial.
Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Oligoelementos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Argentina , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Metais Pesados/análise , Rios/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Hemodialysis central venous catheter (CVC) insertion can be complicated in patients with anomalous vessel anatomy. In such cases detailed knowledge of thoracic vessel anatomy is necessary to identify the exact location of the catheter. Central venous placement under ultrasound control has signiï¬cantly reduced the complications associated with blind puncture and allows an appropriate puncture of the desired vessel, but the CVC can still get misplaced if it follows an anomalous route. Herein, we report a case of dialysis catheter placed into a left sided superior vena cava, only diagnosed after CT scan study.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Diálise Renal , Veia Cava Superior , Humanos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/métodos , Ultrassonografia , Veia Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Cava Superior/anormalidadesRESUMO
Introducción: Brasil expandió el mercado de agrotóxicos y Río Grande do Sul se destaca como mayor comercializador desde 2014. La población rural, factores socioeconómicos, ambientales y la exposición a agrotóxicos pueden ocasionar la prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer. Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre la comercialización de agrotóxicos y la ocurrencia de prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer y factores socioeconómicos. Métodos: Estudio ecológico con 496 municipios del estado do Río Grande do Sul, Brasil, en los años 2017 y 2018. La población fueron los nacidos vivos por residencia materna, notificados en el Sistema de Informaciones Sobre Nacidos Vivos. La comercialización de agrotóxicos fue obtenida del Sistema Integrado de Gestión de Agrotóxicos. Se clasificaron los municipios en cuatro grupos de orden creciente, con base en cuartiles de comercialización. Se realizaron análisis de estadísticas en el programa IBM SPPS versión 21.0, considerando nivel de significancia de 5 por ciento (p 0,05). Conclusión: El consumo de agrotóxicos, la disminución de acceso a educación, servicios de salud y ambientes inseguros de trabajo, pueden contribuir para surgimiento de recién-nacidos prematuros y con bajo peso(AU)
Introduction: Brazil expanded the pesticide market and Rio Grande do Sul stands out as the largest marketing state since 2014. The rural population, socioeconomic and environmental factors, as well as exposure to pesticides can cause prematurity and low weight at birth. Objective: To verify the association between the commercialization of pesticides and the occurrence of prematurity, low weight at birth and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Ecological study carried out, in the years 2017 and 2018, with 496 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The population was made up of the live births by maternal residence and reported in the Live Births Information System. Information regarding the commercialization of pesticides was obtained from the Integrated System for Pesticide Management. The municipalities were classified into four groups of increasing order, based on marketing quartiles. Statistical analyses were carried out in the program IBM SPPS (version 21.0); considering a significance level of 5 percent (P 0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of pesticides, decrease in access to education and healthcare services, as well as unsafe work settings, can contribute to the occurrence of premature and underweight newborns(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Agroquímicos/efeitos adversos , População Rural , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
Gills represent one of the major sites of gas exchange of fish, consequently they are in continuous close contact with the aquatic environment and its pollutants. In the present study the effects on gills of pejerrey fish, Odontesthes bonariensis, under glyphosate-based herbicide subchronic exposure were analyzed. Adult animals were exposed to sublethal concentrations of a glyphosate-based commercial formulation (1 and 10 PMG mg L-1, PMG: glyphosate active ingredient) for 15 days, while control group was maintained in rearing water. Ultrastructural changes in gills were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of the surface epithelium and specific surface area were determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and N2 (g) adsorption-desorption isotherms, respectively. The herbicide exposure induced severe alterations in gill ultrastructure, as shown in the SEM micrographs. Accordingly, an increase in surface area of the gills of exposed animals was determined. These results support that gills parameters of freshwater fish are sensitive morphological biomarkers for glyphosate exposure.
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Peixes/fisiologia , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Água Doce , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Testes de Toxicidade Subcrônica , GlifosatoRESUMO
The herbicide glyphosate [N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine; PMG] and the insecticide chlorpyrifos [O, O-diethyl O- (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) -phosphorothioate, CPF] are widely used in agricultural practices around the world and can reach aquatic environments. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the toxicity of these pesticides on non-target species. The use of biomarkers as a tool to assess responses of organisms exposed to pollutants requires the understanding of their natural fluctuation and the dose-response relationship. In the present work, the effect of the exposure to PMG and CPF on the acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE, biomarker of neurotoxicity) in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, a native teleost, was evaluated in different environmental conditions. Semi-static bioassays of acute toxicity were carried out under controlled conditions during the four weather seasons of the year using animals of homogeneous size. Circannual rhythms in the basal levels of AChE activity in homogenates of the anterior section were confirmed. Statistically significant average inhibition of AChE activity (47.1⯱â¯0.7% for 1⯵g CPFâ¯×â¯L-1; 69.7⯱â¯2.5% for 5⯵g CPFâ¯×â¯L-1; 23.1⯱â¯1.1% for 1â¯mg PMGâ¯×â¯L-1 and 32.9⯱â¯3.3% for 10â¯mg PMGâ¯×â¯L-1) was determined during summer, winter and spring weather seasons. Interestingly, animals exhibit an increased susceptibility to exposure during the autumn season (inhibition of 55.4⯱â¯0.6% for 1⯵g CPFâ¯×â¯L-1; 81.9⯱â¯3.3% for 5⯵g CPFâ¯×â¯L-1; 41.4⯱â¯1.7% for 1â¯mg PMGâ¯×â¯L-1 and 61.1⯱â¯0.3% for 10â¯mg PMGâ¯×â¯L-1). A different sensitivity of the enzyme between seasons was evaluated by in vitro tests. The inhibition pattern for chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon, the active metabolite of CPF) was not affected when test was performed using homogenates of unexposed specimens of summer or autumn. Otherwise, PMG in vitro inhibitory effect was not observed in a wide range of concentrations. The results confirm that AChE activity is a sensitive biomarker for exposure to CPF and PMG, even at environmentally relevant concentrations. Finally, this work highlights the existence of seasonal variations in the dose-response relationship, which could be due to variations in the metabolism of the pollutants.
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Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Clorpirifos/análogos & derivados , Inibidores da Colinesterase/toxicidade , Ciprinodontiformes/metabolismo , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Estações do Ano , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Água Doce/química , Glicina/toxicidade , GlifosatoRESUMO
Since the first studies of luminescent sensors based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) about ten years ago, there has been an increased interest in the development of specific sensors towards cations, anions, explosives, small molecules, solvents, etc. However, the detection of toxic compounds related to agro-industry and nuclear activity is noticeably scarce or even non-existent. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of luminescent lanthanide-based MOFs (Ln-MOFs) with diverse crystalline architectures obtained by solvothermal methods. The luminescent properties of the lanthanides, and the hypersensitive transitions of Eu3+ (5D0â7F2) and Tb3+ (5D4â7F5) intrinsically found in the obtained MOFs in particular, were evaluated and employed as chemical sensors for agrochemical and cationic species. The limit of detection (LOD) of Tb-PSA MOFs (PSA = 2-phenylsuccinate) was 2.9 ppm for [UO22+] and 5.6 ppm for [Cu2+]. The variations of the 4fâ»4f spectral lines and the quenching/enhancement effects of the Ln-MOFs in the presence of the analytes were fully analyzed and discussed in terms of a combinatorial "hostâ»guest" vibrational and "in-silico" interaction studies.
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The effects of a commercial glyphosate formulation on the oxidative stress parameters and morphology (including the ultrastructure) of the phytoplanktonic green microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus were evaluated. After 96â¯h of exposure to increasing herbicide concentrations (0, 4, 6, 8â¯mgâ¯L-1 active ingredient) with the addition of alkyl aryl polyglycol ether surfactant, the growth of the cultures decreased (96 h-IC50- 4.90â¯mgâ¯L-1) and metabolic and morphology alterations were observed. Significant increases in cellular volume (103-353%) and dry weight (105%) and a significant decrease in pigment content (41-48%) were detected. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly affected, showing an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and a decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Cells exposed to glyphosate formulation were larger and showed an increase in vacuole size, bleaching, cell wall thickening and alteration of the stacking pattern of thylakoids. The results of this study showed the participation of oxidative stress in the mechanism of toxic action of the commercial glyphosate formulation on S. vacuolatus and the relation between the biochemical, morphological and ultrastructure alterations.
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Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Scenedesmus/efeitos dos fármacos , Scenedesmus/metabolismo , Scenedesmus/ultraestrutura , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Glicina/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Vacúolos/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacúolos/metabolismo , GlifosatoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Due to the subjectivity of the tinnitus diagnosis and its diverse etiologies, establishing an effective treatment is complex. In this context, transcranial direct current stimulation, a noninvasive option, is available for most patients and has shown good results in the treatment of other symptoms such as chronic pain. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic response of tinnitus to transcranial direct current stimulation. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the following descriptors: tinnitus, transcranial direct current stimulation and randomized clinical trial. The research was carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, Lilacs, and Scielo databases. The inclusion criteria were: patients over 18 years of age with no associated comorbidities, who had a diagnosis established by a specialist or through the application of previously validated scales and criteria applied by a non-specialist physician. Results: A total of 4165 studies were found, and a total of six were selected after the inclusion criteria were applied, obtaining a sample of 602 patients. Based on the defined criteria, there was a positive response to transcranial direct current stimulation in 14.86% of the participants. Conclusion: Based on literature studied, there is no therapeutic response of tinnitus to transcranial direct current stimulation.
Resumo Introdução: Devido à subjetividade do diagnóstico do zumbido e a suas diversas etiologias, o estabelecimento de um tratamento eficaz é complexo. Nesse contexto surge a transcranial direct current stimulation, uma opção não invasiva, acessível para grande parte dos pacientes, e que tem apresentado bons resultados no tratamento de outros sintomas como dor crônica. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta terapêutica do zumbido ao transcranial direct current stimulation. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, por meio dos seguintes descritores: zumbido, transcranial direct current stimulation e ensaio clínico randomizado. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: pacientes maiores de 18 anos sem outras comorbidades associadas, que tiveram diagnóstico estabelecido por um especialista ou por meio da aplicação de escalas e critérios previamente validados aplicados por médico não especialista. Resultados: Foram encontrados 4.165 estudos, sendo selecionado após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão um total de seis, obtendo-se uma amostra de 602 pacientes. A partir dos critérios definidos, houve uma resposta positiva ao transcranial direct current stimulation em 14.86% dos participantes. Conclusão: Baseada na presente revisão, não há ainda uma resposta terapêutica do zumbido ao transcranial direct current stimulation.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Zumbido/terapia , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Zumbido/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The most worldwide used herbicide is glyphosate, phosphonomethylglycine (PMG). Consequently, a significant amount of PMG, its metabolites (sarcosine, SAR, and aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) and the degradation product, methylphosphonic acid (MPA), reaches the soil, which acts as final sink. Because clays are one of the most reactive components of soils, expansive clays such as montmorillonite (Mt) are used to retain agriculture contaminants with some success. In this work, as a preliminary step for the evaluation of the risk that PMG, SAR, AMPA, and MPA occurrence could have on the environment, their adsorption on Mt surface was performed. The adsorption process was analyzed at constant adsorbate concentrations and two pH values to take into account the different protonation states of the amino group. DTA, XRD, zeta potential measurements, and XPS were used to identify the interactions or association mechanisms with the clay surface, the entry of adsorbates into the Mt interlayer, and electric charge changes on the Mt surface, and evaluate the acid-base surface complex constants, respectively. The interlayer thickness in acid media indicated that adsorbates are able to enter the interlayer in planar form. Besides, for the Mt-PMG sample, some PMG molecules could be also inserted as a bilayer or with a tilt angle of 52.4° in the interlayer. However, in alkaline media, the interlayer thickness indicated that the adsorbate arrangement differed from that of acidic media where PMG and MPA could have more than one orientation. The surface complex deprotonation constants were determined for the =NH+2 â =NH+H+ process, being 3.0, 5.0, and 7.3 for PMG, AMPA, and SAR, respectively.
Assuntos
Bentonita/química , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Adsorção , Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Argentina , Argila , Glicina/análise , Modelos Teóricos , GlifosatoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Due to the subjectivity of the tinnitus diagnosis and its diverse etiologies, establishing an effective treatment is complex. In this context, transcranial direct current stimulation, a noninvasive option, is available for most patients and has shown good results in the treatment of other symptoms such as chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic response of tinnitus to transcranial direct current stimulation. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the following descriptors: tinnitus, transcranial direct current stimulation and randomized clinical trial. The research was carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, Lilacs, and Scielo databases. The inclusion criteria were: patients over 18 years of age with no associated comorbidities, who had a diagnosis established by a specialist or through the application of previously validated scales and criteria applied by a non-specialist physician. RESULTS: A total of 4165 studies were found, and a total of six were selected after the inclusion criteria were applied, obtaining a sample of 602 patients. Based on the defined criteria, there was a positive response to transcranial direct current stimulation in 14.86% of the participants. CONCLUSION: Based on literature studied, there is no therapeutic response of tinnitus to transcranial direct current stimulation.
Assuntos
Zumbido/terapia , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Zumbido/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Due to the relatively low investment, operation costs, and technical requirements, landfills are still the most widespread alternative for final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). The biogas produced in the landfill, a renewable energy source, may be an important alternative for electric power generation. Brazil has a significant number of operating landfills, which receive the most part of the collected MSW. However, the country has only 17 landfill biogas power plants (LBPPs), resulting in about 122â¯MW of capacity. The United Kingdom, for instance, which is about 3 times smaller than Brazil in population, has 442 LBPPs (corresponding to 1051â¯MW of capacity). This fact highlights a considerable unexplored potential of landfill biogas in Brazil. It is also important to estimate this potential throughout the country to provide information for the government, researchers and companies in decision making, planning and formulation of public policies regarding this use of landfill biogas. Therefore, this study aims at estimating the spatially distributed potential of landfill biogas production that can be used for electric power generation in Brazil from 2015 to 2045, considering two scenarios: (i) operating sanitary landfills and (ii) hypothetical scenario of Territorial Arrangements (TA) comprising every Brazilian city, considering one landfill per TA. The total installed capacity estimated in 2018 for scenario 1 is about 523â¯MW and 87% of this number are related to LBPPs bigger than 1â¯MW. In this same year, the total installed capacity estimated for scenario 2 is 768â¯MW and 95% of this number are related to LBPPs bigger than 1â¯MW. These results emphasize that Brazil has a considerable unexplored potential of landfill biogas and the importance of municipal consortiums for MSW management.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Eliminação de Resíduos , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Brasil , Cidades , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Glyphosate is currently the most widely used herbicide in agricultural production. It generally enters aquatic ecosystems through surface water runoff and aerial drift. We evaluated the effect of glyphosate acid on biochemical parameters of periphyton exposed to concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 mg/L in outdoor mesocosms in the presence and absence of the mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Periphyton ash-free dry weight, chlorophyll a content, carotene/chlorophyll a ratio, lipid peroxidation levels, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were determined at days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 26 of the experimental period. Ash-free dry weight was similar between control and glyphosate-treated periphyton in the absence of L. fortunei. The latter had significantly lower carotene to chlorophyll a ratios and enzyme activities, and higher lipid peroxidation levels and chlorophyll a content than the former. These results show an adverse effect of glyphosate on the metabolism of periphyton community organisms, possibly inducing oxidative stress. On the contrary, no differences were observed in any of these variables between control and glyphosate-treated periphyton in the presence of L. fortunei. Mussels probably attenuated the herbicide effects by contributing to glyphosate dissipation. The results also demonstrate that biochemical markers provide useful information that may warn of herbicide impact on periphyton communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1775-1784. © 2016 SETAC.