RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) improves respiratory capacity. However, there is little evidence of its effectiveness in youth with post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC). This study analyzed the effects of a PTR program on young adults with PCC. METHODS: Sixteen youths were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or an experimental group (EG), with eight participants each. The EG participated in a PTR program that included twelve remote, asynchronous four-week sessions with diaphragmatic breathing and aerobic exercises. Vital signs (SpO2, HR, RR, BP), physical capacity (sit-to-stand test), cardiorespiratory capacity (6-Minute Walk Test), and perceived exertion (Borg scale) were assessed in both groups. RESULTS: Statistical analyses showed a significant decrease in RR and HR (p < 0.012) and an increase in SpO2 (p < 0.042), physical (p < 0.012), and respiratory (p < 0.028) capacity. Perceived effort decreased significantly in both groups (CG: p < 0.006; EG: p < 0.001) only for physical but not for cardiorespiratory capacity (p < 0.106). There were no statistical changes registered in BP (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The PTR program, which includes respiratory and aerobic exercises, is feasible and effective in improving physical and cardiorespiratory capacity in young people with PCC, as well as reducing HR, RR, and dyspnea.
RESUMO
Resumen En los años 90s, se empezó con el uso de la resina compuesta como agente cementante, la cual tiene como ventajas: un margen con alto contenido de relleno, facilidad de limpiar excesos antes de la polimerización, potencial de rellenar cualquier defecto en la preparación mejorando el sellado marginal, etc. Uno de las controversias de esta técnica, es la elevación de la temperatura intra pulpar, la cual, sumada al proceso de polimerización podría llegar a elevarse hasta causar algún daño irreversible, sin embargo, se ha demostrado, que la resina precalentada se enfría rápidamente, gracias a los tejidos dentarios que disipan el calor y al tiempo transcurrido de llevar la resina del horno a la boca. Con el calentamiento de las resinas, se produce una reducción de su viscosidad, permitiendo una menor formación de gaps y una mejor adaptación marginal, sin afectar las propiedades mecánicas de las resinas compuestas, esto ocurre debido al aumento de la movilidad molecular, las cuales optimizan sus propiedades mecánicas luego de la polimerización. Con respecto a las propiedades adhesivas los cementos resinosos y las resinas precalentadas han sido evaluadas mediante la fijación de las restauraciones indirectas a la estructura dentaria, obteniéndose con las resinas precalentada resultados favorables con relación a la filtración, resistencia adhesiva, pero en cuanto al grosor, el cemento resinoso genera una película más fina, sin embargo logra ser posible utilizar la resina precalentada como agente cementante como una técnica segura.
Abstract In the 90s, the use of the composite resin as a cementing agent began, which has the following advantages: a margin with a high filler content, ease of cleaning excesses before polymerization, potential to fill any defect in the preparation, improving marginal sealing etc. One of the controversies of this technique is the elevation of the intra-pulp temperature, which, added to the polymerization process, could rise to cause irreversible damage, however, it has been shown that the preheated resin cools rapidly, thanks to the dental tissues that dissipate heat and the elapsed time of bringing the resin from the oven to the mouth. With the heating of the resins, a reduction in their viscosity occurs, allowing less gaps and better marginal adaptation, without affecting the mechanical properties of the composite resins, this occurs due to increased molecular mobility, which optimizes its mechanical properties after polymerization. Regarding the adhesive properties, the resinous cements and the pre-heated resins have been evaluated by fixing the indirect restorations to the dental structure, obtaining with the pre-heated resins favorable results in relation to filtration, adhesive resistance, but in terms of thickness, resinous cement generates a thinner film, however it becomes possible to use pre-heated resin as a cementing agent as a safe technique.
Resumo Nos anos 90, iniciou-se o uso da resina composta como agente de cimentação, com as seguintes vantagens: margem com alto teor de carga, facilidade de limpeza dos excessos antes da polimerização, potencial para preencher qualquer defeito na preparação, melhorando a vedação marginal etc. Uma das controvérsias dessa técnica é a elevação da temperatura intra-pulpar, que, somada ao processo de polimeri- zação, pode subir para causar danos irreversíveis, no entanto, foi demonstrado que a resina pré-aquecida esfria rapidamente, graças aos tecidos dentários que dissipam o calor e o tempo decorrido de levar a resina do forno à boca. Com o aquecimento das resinas, ocorre uma redução na viscosidade, permitindo menos folgas e melhor adaptação marginal, sem afetar as propriedades mecânicas das resinas compostas, devido ao aumento da mobilidade molecular, que otimiza suas propriedades mecânicas após a polimerização. Com relação às propriedades adesivas, os cimentos resinosos e as resinas pré-aquecidas foram avaliados fixando as restaurações indiretas na estrutura dentária, obtendo com as resinas pré-aquecidas resultados favoráveis em relação à filtração, resistência adesiva, mas em termos de espessura, o cimento resinoso gera uma película mais fina, no entanto, é possível usar a resina pré-aquecida como agente de cimentação como uma técnica segura.
RESUMO
RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en determinar la frecuencia de aceptación de creencias populares sobre la salud oral de embarazadas atendidas en los servicios de obstetricia de los hospitales Luis Albrecht y Belén de Trujillo, La Libertad - Perú. Se trabajó con 320 gestantes atendidas entre los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2016, usando el método de selección no probabilístico accidental. Para determinar la confiabilidad de la encuesta se empleó el estadístico Kuder-Richardson Formula 20, encontrando una confiabilidad de 0.765 (p<0.05); además, fue validado por juicio de expertos. Se usó la estadística descriptiva para la presentación de los resultados. La creencia popular de aceptación más frecuente fue "Mi bebé le quita calcio y flúor a mis dientes durante el embarazo" con un 55,94 %, mientras que la menos frecuente fue "Si veo un relámpago o rayo mi hijo nacerá con labio partido", con un 3,13 %. Según nivel educativo, la más aceptada fue "Mi bebé le quita calcio y flúor a mis dientes durante el embarazo" con un 68 % en aquellas de nivel de instrucción secundario; según rango de edad, la más frecuente fue "El calcio de mi leche saldrá de mis dientes cuando amamante a mi bebé", con un 53,3 % entre las edades de 15-29 años; mientras que, la creencia más aceptada según hospital fue "El calcio de mi leche saldrá de mis dientes cuando amamante a mi bebé", con un 53,1 % en las gestantes del hospital Belén de Trujillo. La creencia popular de aceptación más frecuente fue "Mi bebé le quita calcio y flúor a mis dientes durante el embarazo", mientras que la menos frecuente fue "Si veo un relámpago o rayo mi hijo nacerá con labio partido". La aceptación de creencias populares sobre la pérdida de calcio durante la gestación son las más frecuentes según nivel educativo, rango de edad y hospital.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of acceptance of popular beliefs about the oral health of pregnant women attended at the obstetric services of the Luis Albrecht and Belén hospitals in Trujillo, La Libertad - Peru. We worked with 320 pregnant women attended between October and November 2016, using the accidental non-probabilistic selection method. To determine the reliability of the survey, the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 statistic was used, finding a reliability of 0.765 (p <0.05); In addition, it was validated by expert judgment. Descriptive statistics was used to present the results. The popular belief of more frequent acceptance was "My baby takes calcium and fluoride from my teeth during pregnancy" with 55.94 %, while the least frequent was "If I see a lightning or lightning, my son will be born with a split lip", with 3.13 %. According to educational level, the most accepted was "My baby takes calcium and fluoride from my teeth during pregnancy" with 68 % in those of secondary education level; according to age range, the most frequent was "The calcium in my milk will come out of my teeth when I breastfeed my baby", with 53.3 % between the ages of 15 - 29 years; while, the most accepted belief according to hospital was "The calcium of my milk will come out of my teeth when I breastfeed my baby", with 53.1 % in the pregnant women of Bethlehem hospital in Trujillo. The popular belief of more frequent acceptance was "My baby takes calcium and fluoride from my teeth during pregnancy", while the least frequent was "If I see a lightning or lightning, my son will be born with a split lip". The acceptance of popular beliefs about the loss of calcium during pregnancy are the most frequent according to educational level, age range and hospital.