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INTRODUCTION: Benznidazole, the drug of choice for treating Chagas Disease (CD), has significant limitations, such as poor cure efficacy, mainly in the chronic phase of CD, association with side effects, and parasite resistance. Understanding parasite resistance to benznidazole is crucial for developing new drugs to treat CD. AREAS COVERED: Here, the authors review the current understanding of the molecular basis of benznidazole resistance. Furthermore, they discuss the state-of-the-art methods and critical outcomes employed to evaluate the efficacy of potential drugs against T. cruzi, aiming to select better compounds likely to succeed in the clinic. Finally, the authors describe the different strategies employed to overcome resistance to benznidazole and find effective new treatments for CD. EXPERT OPINION: Resistance to benznidazole is a complex phenomenon that occurs naturally among T. cruzi strains. The combination of compounds that inhibit different metabolic pathways of the parasite is an important strategy for developing a new chemotherapeutic protocol.
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Doença de Chagas , Descoberta de Drogas , Resistência a Medicamentos , Nitroimidazóis , Tripanossomicidas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitroimidazóis/farmacologia , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Humanos , Animais , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Desenvolvimento de MedicamentosRESUMO
Recent studies and literature reviews have shown promising results for 3GPP system solutions in unlicensed bands when coexisting with Wi-Fi, either by using the duty cycle (DC) approach or licensed-assisted access (LAA). However, it is widely known that general performance in these coexistence scenarios is dependent on traffic and how the duty cycle is adjusted. Most DC solutions configure their parameters statically, which can result in performance losses when the scenario experiences changes on the offered data. In our previous works, we demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) techniques can be used to adjust DC parameters. We showed that a Q-learning (QL) solution that adapts the LTE DC ratio to the transmitted data rate can maximize the Wi-Fi/LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) aggregated throughput. In this paper, we extend our previous solution by implementing a simpler and more efficient algorithm based on multiarmed bandit (MAB) theory. We evaluate its performance and compare it with the previous one in different traffic scenarios. The results demonstrate that our new solution offers improved balance in throughput, providing similar results for LTE and Wi-Fi, while still showing a substantial system gain. Moreover, in one of the scenarios, our solution outperforms the previous approach by 6% in system throughput. In terms of user throughput, it achieves more than 100% gain for the users at the 10th percentile of performance, while the old solution only achieves a 10% gain.
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Há muitos anos a cultura celular bidimensional (2D) é utilizada como modelo de estudo de doenças, possuindo grande importância na medicina regenerativa, apesar de ainda conter limitações significativas. A fim de contornar essas limitações, a cultura celular tridimensional (3D) propõe uma organização mais complexa e sustentável que pode ser produzida a partir de células-tronco adultas (ASCs), células-tronco embrionárias (ESCs) ou células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPSCs). A cultura 3D possibilitou o cultivo de células em um ambiente mais próximo do fisiológico, levando à formação de distintos tecidos órgãos-específicos. Em outras palavras, a cultura de células 3D possibilita a criação de estruturas orgânicas muito semelhantes aos órgãos de um ser humano, tanto estruturalmente, quanto funcionalmente. Desse modo, tem-se o que é chamado de organoides. O uso dos organoides tem crescido exponencialmente em ambientes in vitro, permitindo a análise e observação dos diversos fenômenos fisiológicos existentes. Como exemplo, pode-se citar os organoides cerebrais ("mini-brains") reproduzidos in vitro buscando delinear as peculiaridades e complexidades do cérebro humano, com o objetivo de compreender algumas disfunções neurológicas que acometem esse sistema, como as duas principais doenças neurodegenerativas: Doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson. Portanto, os organoides cerebrais podem permitir notável avanço da medicina regenerativa aplicada a doenças neurodegenerativas, já que esses "mini-brains" podem ser produzidos a partir de células do próprio paciente. Isso permitirá intervenções personalizadas, como testagens farmacológicas, a fim de definir qual seria o melhor tratamento medicamentoso. Consequentemente, essa tecnologia pode permitir terapias mais eficientes e individualizadas - o que é fundamental para a Medicina Personalizada (AU).
For many years, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been used as a model to study diseases, having great importance in regenerative medicine, despite still having significant limitations. In order to circumvent these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture proposes a more complex and sustainable organization that can be produced from adult stem cells (ASCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The 3D culture enabled the cultivation of cells in an environment closer to the physiological one, leading to the formation of different organ-specific tissues. In other words, 3D cell culture makes it possible to create organic structures very similar to the organs of a human being, both structurally and functionally. In this way, we have what are called organoids. The use of organoids has grown exponentially in in vitro environments, allowing the analysis and observation of the various existing physiological phenomena. As an example, we can mention the brain organoids ("mini-brains") reproduced in vitro, seeking to delineate the peculiarities and complexities of the human brain, in order to understand some neurological dysfunctions that affect this system, such as the two main neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Therefore, brain organoids may allow a remarkable advance in regenerative medicine applied to neurodegenerative diseases, as these "mini-brains" can be produced from the patient's own cells. This will allow for personalized interventions, such as drug testing, in order to define what would be the best drug treatment. Consequently, this technology can enable more efficient and individualized therapies - which is fundamental for Personalized Medicine (AU).
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Humanos , Doença de Parkinson , Organoides , Medicina ConciergeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to analyze self-care deficit among older men in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to discuss the implications for nursing practice. METHODS: web survey, multicentric, qualitative. A total of 120 older men participated, applying a form from April to June 2020 and April to August 2021. Reflective Thematic Analysis, interpreted by Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, was used. RESULTS: temporally, the self-care of older men was manifested in the self-care requirements - affective bonds, self-care for development - meditation and self-care with health deviations - remote consultations. Fully, partially compensatory, educational/support systems mobilized self-care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: as care managers, nurses can strengthen the support network for older men by activating professionals from the multidisciplinary team, family members, caregivers and the community to promote self-care and correct health deviations in times of crisis.
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COVID-19 , Teoria de Enfermagem , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Autocuidado , Pandemias , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Neurogenesis is a biological process characterized by new neurons formation from stem cells. For decades, it was believed that neurons only multiplied during development and in the postnatal period but the discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mature brain promoted a revolution in neuroscience field. In mammals, neurogenesis consists of migration, differentiation, maturation, as well as functional integration of newborn cells into the pre-existing neuronal circuit. Actually, NSC density drops significantly after the first stages of development, however in specific places in the brain, called neurogenic niches, some of these cells retain their ability to generate new neurons and glial cells in adulthood. The subgranular (SGZ), and the subventricular zones (SVZ) are examples of regions where the neurogenesis process occurs in the mature brain. There, the potential of NSCs to produce new neurons has been explored by new advanced methodologies and in neuroscience for the treatment of brain damage and/or degeneration. Based on that, this review highlights endogenous factors and drugs capable of stimulating neurogenesis, as well as the perspectives for the use of NSCs for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Células-Tronco Neurais , Neurogênese , Animais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Ventrículos Laterais , Neurônios , Neuroglia , MamíferosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Education, and less frequently occupation, has been associated with lower dementia risk in studies from high-income countries. We aimed to investigate the association of cognitive impairment with education and occupation in a low-middle-income country sample. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, cognitive function was assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SOB). We investigated the association of occupation complexity and education with CDR-SOB using adjusted linear regression models for age, sex, and neuropathological lesions. RESULTS: In 1023 participants, 77% had < 5 years of education, and 56% unskilled occupations. Compared to the group without education, those with formal education had lower CDR-SOB (1-4 years: ß $\beta \;$ = -0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.85; -0.14, P = .02; ≥5 years: ß $\beta \;$ = -1.42, 95% CI = -2.47; -0.38, P = .008). Occupation complexity and demands were unrelated to cognition. DISCUSSION: Education, but not occupation, was related to better cognitive abilities independent of the presence of neuropathological insults.
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Disfunção Cognitiva , Reserva Cognitiva , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Ocupações , CogniçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze self-care deficit among older men in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to discuss the implications for nursing practice. Methods: web survey, multicentric, qualitative. A total of 120 older men participated, applying a form from April to June 2020 and April to August 2021. Reflective Thematic Analysis, interpreted by Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, was used. Results: temporally, the self-care of older men was manifested in the self-care requirements - affective bonds, self-care for development - meditation and self-care with health deviations - remote consultations. Fully, partially compensatory, educational/support systems mobilized self-care. Final Considerations: as care managers, nurses can strengthen the support network for older men by activating professionals from the multidisciplinary team, family members, caregivers and the community to promote self-care and correct health deviations in times of crisis.
RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el déficit de autocuidado entre ancianos en el transcurso de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil y discutir las implicaciones para la práctica de enfermería. Métodos: web survey, multicéntrica, cualitativa. Participaron un total de 120 ancianos, aplicando un formulario de abril a junio de 2020 y de abril a agosto de 2021. Se utilizó el Análisis Temático Reflexivo, interpretado por la Teoría del Déficit de Autocuidado de Orem. Resultados: temporalmente, el autocuidado de los ancianos se manifestó en los requerimientos de autocuidado - vínculos afectivos, autocuidado para el desarrollo - meditación y autocuidado con desviaciones de salud - consultas a distancia Los sistemas educativos/de apoyo total o parcialmente compensatorios movilizaron el autocuidado. Consideraciones Finales: como gestores del cuidado, los enfermeros pueden fortalecer la red de apoyo al anciano activando profesionales del equipo multidisciplinario, familiares, cuidadores y comunidad para promover el autocuidado y corregir las desviaciones de salud en tiempos de crisis.
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o déficit do autocuidado entre homens idosos no curso da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil e discutir as implicações para a prática em enfermagem. Métodos: web survey, multicêntrica, qualitativa. Participaram 120 homens idosos, sob aplicação de formulário de abril a junho de 2020 e abril a agosto de 2021. Empregou-se a Análise Temática Reflexiva, interpretada pela Teoria do Déficit do Autocuidado de Orem. Resultados: temporalmente, o autocuidado de homens idosos se manifestou nos requisitos de autocuidado - vínculos afetivos, autocuidado para o desenvolvimento - meditação e autocuidado com desvios de saúde - consultas remotas. Déficits no autocuidado emergiram dos danos biopsicossociais. Os sistemas totalmente, parcialmente compensatórios, educativo/de apoio mobilizaram o autocuidado. Considerações Finais: como gestores do cuidado, enfermeiros podem fortalecer a rede de apoio aos homens idosos acionando profissionais da equipe multiprofissional, familiares, cuidadores e comunidade para promover autocuidado e corrigir desvios de saúde em momentos de crise.
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The mite Pellonyssus gorgasi Yunker & Radovsky is recorded for the first time in Cuba, based on several specimens collected on a young Cuban Emerald, Riccordia ricordii ricordii (Gervais) (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) and in its nest from San Antonio de los Baños, Artemisa Province. In this study, R. r. ricordii represents a new host-association for P. gorgasi, whereas the genus Pellonyssus is also recorded for the first time in Cuba.
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BACKGROUND: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in HIV+ patients on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens has been described. We aimed to characterize parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and correlate with different classes of ART in HIV+ patients in three experimental conditions: rest, cold face, and tilt tests. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with three groups of age- and gender-matched individuals: group 1, 44 HIV+ patients undergoing combination therapy, with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); group 2, 42 HIV+ patients using two NRTI and protease inhibitors (PI's); and group 3, 35 healthy volunteers with negative HIV serology (control group). Autonomic function at rest and during cold face- and tilt-tests was assessed through computerized analysis of HRV, via quantification of time- and frequency domains by linear and non-linear parameters in the three groups. RESULTS: Anthropometric and clinical parameters were similar between both HIV groups, except CD4+ T lymphocytes, which were significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.039). At baseline, time-domain linear HRV parameters, RMSSD and pNN50, and the correlation dimension, a non-linear HRV parameter (p < 0.001; p = 0.018; p = 0.019, respectively), as well as response of RMSSD to cold face test were also lower in the HIV+ group than in the control individuals (p < 0.001), while no differences among groups were detected in HRV parameters during the tilt test. CONCLUSIONS: Despite ART regimens, HIV+ patients presented lower cardiac vagal modulation than controls, whereas no difference was observed among the HIV groups, suggesting that higher cardiovascular risk linked to PIs may be associated with factors other than autonomic dysfunction.
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Infecções por HIV , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a condition characterized by reversible left ventricular dysfunction. TCM usually has a good prognosis but, in rare situations, it can be associated with life-threatening arrhythmias. We report a case and the management of TCM with a high-grade AV block and QT prolongation followed by ventricular fibrillation.
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The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a procedure that has been used for a long time in reference centers worldwide. Its fundamental precept is to serve as a bridge to a definitive treatment in patients with severe, but potentially reversible, clinical conditions. Despite this, its use in cardiopulmonary arrest (ECPR) is still a matter of debate, especially when indicated in the emergency department. There is not yet a sufficient level of evidence to support its routine use. In Brasil, the procedure stopped being considered an experimental technique by the Federal Council of Medicine only in 2017. The objective of the present case is to share the pioneering spirit of a Brazilian reference center with ECPR in the emergency room and to discuss the future challenges of the ECMO technique.
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Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Parada Cardíaca , Brasil , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
SUMMARY The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a procedure that has been used for a long time in reference centers worldwide. Its fundamental precept is to serve as a bridge to a definitive treatment in patients with severe, but potentially reversible, clinical conditions. Despite this, its use in cardiopulmonary arrest (ECPR) is still a matter of debate, especially when indicated in the emergency department. There is not yet a sufficient level of evidence to support its routine use. In Brasil, the procedure stopped being considered an experimental technique by the Federal Council of Medicine only in 2017. The objective of the present case is to share the pioneering spirit of a Brazilian reference center with ECPR in the emergency room and to discuss the future challenges of the ECMO technique.
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Humanos , Masculino , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Brasil , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Muitas vezes impossibilitadas de regeneração natural, áreas degradadas por rejeito de minério devem seguir medidas visando sua recuperação ambiental, como a revegetação por espécies corretas, cujo resultado pode ainda ser potencializado pelo uso de bioestimulantes, contribuindo para melhorias da fertilidade do solo através de uma adubação verde eficiente, favorecendo o aumento da produção de biomassa vegetal e logo a ciclagem de nutrientes no sistema solo-planta. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de matéria seca, acúmulo e índices de exportação de nutrientes por plantas de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis) e Crotalaria juncea cv. IAC-KR-1 em função da aplicação de substâncias húmicas e bactérias diazotróficas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando-se rejeito de minério de ferro como substrato. Foi empregado um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso (4x3x2) com quatro repetições, sendo quatro doses de substâncias húmicas, aplicadas em 3 diferentes épocas, com ou sem inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas. O fornecimento de substâncias húmicas e principalmente a inoculação em ambas espécies aumentaram a produção de matéria seca, atingindo 70% do incremento médio no feijão-de-porco. A inoculação em plantas de feijão-de-porco aumentou a absorção e fator de transferência de Fe e P, e reduziu o fator de transferência de K, Ca e Mg, e nas plantas de...(AU)
Many times prevented from natural regeneration, areas degraded by ore tailings must follow measures aimed at their environmental recovery, such as revegetation by correct species, whose result can still be enhanced by the use of bio-stimulants, contributing to improvements in soil fertility through efficient green manure, favoring increased production of plant biomass and then the cycling of nutrients in the soil-plant system. The objective was to evaluate the dry matter production, accumulation and nutrient export rates by pig bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis) and Crotalaria juncea cv. IAC-KR-1 as a function of the application of humic substances and diazotrophic bacteria. The experiment was conducted in a green house using iron ore tailings as substrate. An experimental design of random blocks (4x3x2) was used with four repetitions, four doses of humic substances, applied at 3 different times, with or without inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria. The supply of humic substances and mainly the inoculation in both species increased the dry matter production, reaching 70% of the average increase in pig beans. Inoculation in pig bean plants increased the absorption and transfer factor of Fe and P, and reduced the transfer factor of K, Ca and Mg, and in crotalaria plants increased the absorption of Mg, P and Mn, and reduced the absorption of Fe. The high content of Fe in mining...(AU)
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Biotecnologia , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental , Canavalia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crotalaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Substâncias Húmicas , FerroRESUMO
Muitas vezes impossibilitadas de regeneração natural, áreas degradadas por rejeito de minério devem seguir medidas visando sua recuperação ambiental, como a revegetação por espécies corretas, cujo resultado pode ainda ser potencializado pelo uso de bioestimulantes, contribuindo para melhorias da fertilidade do solo através de uma adubação verde eficiente, favorecendo o aumento da produção de biomassa vegetal e logo a ciclagem de nutrientes no sistema solo-planta. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de matéria seca, acúmulo e índices de exportação de nutrientes por plantas de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis) e Crotalaria juncea cv. IAC-KR-1 em função da aplicação de substâncias húmicas e bactérias diazotróficas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando-se rejeito de minério de ferro como substrato. Foi empregado um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso (4x3x2) com quatro repetições, sendo quatro doses de substâncias húmicas, aplicadas em 3 diferentes épocas, com ou sem inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas. O fornecimento de substâncias húmicas e principalmente a inoculação em ambas espécies aumentaram a produção de matéria seca, atingindo 70% do incremento médio no feijão-de-porco. A inoculação em plantas de feijão-de-porco aumentou a absorção e fator de transferência de Fe e P, e reduziu o fator de transferência de K, Ca e Mg, e nas plantas de...
Many times prevented from natural regeneration, areas degraded by ore tailings must follow measures aimed at their environmental recovery, such as revegetation by correct species, whose result can still be enhanced by the use of bio-stimulants, contributing to improvements in soil fertility through efficient green manure, favoring increased production of plant biomass and then the cycling of nutrients in the soil-plant system. The objective was to evaluate the dry matter production, accumulation and nutrient export rates by pig bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis) and Crotalaria juncea cv. IAC-KR-1 as a function of the application of humic substances and diazotrophic bacteria. The experiment was conducted in a green house using iron ore tailings as substrate. An experimental design of random blocks (4x3x2) was used with four repetitions, four doses of humic substances, applied at 3 different times, with or without inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria. The supply of humic substances and mainly the inoculation in both species increased the dry matter production, reaching 70% of the average increase in pig beans. Inoculation in pig bean plants increased the absorption and transfer factor of Fe and P, and reduced the transfer factor of K, Ca and Mg, and in crotalaria plants increased the absorption of Mg, P and Mn, and reduced the absorption of Fe. The high content of Fe in mining...
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Biotecnologia , Canavalia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crotalaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ferro , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental , Substâncias HúmicasRESUMO
Cellular broadband Internet of Things (IoT) applications are expected to keep growing year-by-year, generating demands from high throughput services. Since some of these applications are deployed over licensed mobile networks, as long term evolution (LTE), one already common problem is faced: the scarcity of licensed spectrum to cope with the increasing demand for data rate. The LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) forum, aiming to tackle this problem, proposed LTE-U to operate in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. However, Wi-Fi is already the consolidated technology operating in this portion of the spectrum, besides the fact that new technologies for unlicensed band need mechanisms to promote fair coexistence with the legacy ones. In this work, we extend the literature by analyzing a multi-cell LTE-U/Wi-Fi coexistence scenario, with a high interference profile and data rates targeting a cellular broadband IoT deployment. Then, we propose a centralized, coordinated reinforcement learning framework to improve LTE-U/Wi-Fi aggregate data rates. The added value of the proposed solution is assessed by a ns-3 simulator, showing improvements not only in the overall system data rate but also in average user data rate, even with the high interference of a multi-cell environment.
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Telefone Celular , Internet das Coisas , Tecnologia sem Fio/tendências , Algoritmos , Humanos , AprendizagemRESUMO
The quantitative feed restriction of lactating cows has been used in intensive production systems as a strategy to reduce production costs. However, the effects of this restriction in F1 Holstein/Zebu cows are unclear. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, feed efficiency, feed behavior, and productive performance in F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during early lactation. Sixty F1 Holstein × Zebu cows were used at the stage of initial lactation (50 ± 13 days of lactation), and they had an initial body weight (BW) of 482 ± 43 kg. The experimental arrangement adopted was a completely randomized design, with five feed restriction levels (3.39, 2.75, 2.50, 2.25, and 2.00% of BW) and 12 cows in each treatment group. In the short term (63 days), there were reductions of 45.9% and 47.2% in dry matter intake (P < 0.01) and crude protein (P < 0.01), respectively, when the diet supply was limited from 3.39% BW to 2.00% of BW. There were declines in intake of ether extract (P < 0.01) and nonfibrous carbohydrates (P < 0.01), but there was no change in daily milk production (P = 0.44) nor the daily milk production corrected to 3.5% fat (P = 0.12); the averages were 14.01 kg/day and 13.25 kg/day, respectively. Considering the lower body weight loss, feed restriction is recommended up to 2.5% of the BW.
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Bovinos/fisiologia , Digestão , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Feminino , Lactação , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of quantitative feed restriction on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, efficiency and feeding behavior, and productive performance in F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during the middle third of their lactation. METHODS: Sixty F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with 111.5 ± 11.75 days of lactation and an initial body weight (BW) of 499 ± 30 kg (mean ± SEM) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with the following diet levels of feed restriction: 3.39%, 2.75%, 2.50%, 2.25% and 2.00% of BW, with 12 replications for each level.The experiment lasted for 63 days, of which each period lasted 21 days with the first 16 days for diet adaptation followed by 5 days for collection of data and samples. RESULTS: For each 1% of BW diet restriction, there was a decrease in dry matter intake of 5.26 kg/day (p <0.01). There was no difference in daily milk production (p = 0.09) under the restriction levels of 3.39% to 2.0% of BW. When corrected for 3.5% fat, milk production declined (p = 0.05) 3.46 kg/day for each percentage unit of feed restriction. CONCLUSION: Restricting the feed supply for F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in the middle third of their lactation period altered nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and ingestive behavior but did not affect milk production or feed efficiency. However, considering the observed body weight loss and decrease in milk production corrected for 3.5% fat, restriction of no less than 2.5% BW is recommended.
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Aims: This research aims to determine the epidemiology and the spatial distribution of intestinal parasitosis in the city of Teresina, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the data of parasitological fecal exams performed in the Laboratory Raul Bacelar between January, 2014 and July, 2017. In addition to the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and polyparasitism, we verified the association of these diseases with gender, zone and period of the year by means of the chi-squared test, whereas the relation with age was analyzed by the Mann-Kendall tests and multiple comparisons of age classes. The spatial distribution was performed using the QGIS georeferencing software. Results: The prevalence of enteroparasitosis in Teresina was 17.8% with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common species. The prevalence of individuals with polyparasitism was 3.1%, in which an association between the species Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was found. There was no relation between intestinal parasitosis with gender, but we verified that individuals in rural areas were more susceptible to these diseases. The species Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar occured more frequently in the first and second semester, respectively. We observed that there was an apparent tendency to increase cases of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and reduction of cases of Giardia sp. according to aging. Mapping intestinal parasitosis showed us that there was a prevalence between 1 and 20% in most of Teresina's neighborhoods, and Ascariasis embodies at least 40% of cases of enteroparasitosis in these neighborhoods. Conclusions: Investments in basic sanitation and new epidemiological investigations must be carried out to control intestinal parasitosis in Teresina, emphasizing that children and the elderly should be considered priority groups in these programs
Objetivo: Determinar a epidemiologia e a distribuição espacial das parasitoses intestinais no município de Teresina, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com base nos resultados dos exames parasitológicos de fezes executados no laboratório Raul Bacelar, entre janeiro de 2014 e julho de 2017. Além da prevalência de parasitoses intestinais e de poliparasitismo, verificou-se a associação destas doenças com sexo, zona e período do ano, por meio do teste do qui-quadrado, enquanto a relação com a idade foi analisada pelos testes de Mann-Kendall e comparações múltiplas de faixas etárias. A distribuição espacial foi realizada utilizando o software de georreferenciamento QGIS. Resultados: A prevalência de enteroparasitoses em Teresina foi de 17,8%, sendo Ascaris lumbricoides a espécie mais comum. A prevalência de indivíduos com poliparasitismo foi de 3,1%, na qual foi encontrada uma associação entre as espécies Entamoeba coli e Entamoeba histolytica/dispar. Não houve relação entre parasitoses intestinais e sexo, mas verificou-se que indivíduos na zona rural foram mais suscetíveis a essas doenças. As espécies Ascaris lumbricoides e Entamoeba histolytica/dispar ocorreram com maior frequência, respectivamente, no primeiro e no segundo semestre. Observou-se que houve aparente tendência de aumento de casos de E. histolytica/dispar e de redução de casos de Giardia sp. de acordo com o envelhecimento. O mapeamento das parasitoses intestinais demostrou que houve uma prevalência entre 1 e 20% na maioria dos bairros de Teresina, e a ascaridíase representou pelo menos 40% dos casos de enteroparasitose nesses bairros. Conclusões: Investimentos em saneamento básico e novas investigações epidemiológicas devem ser realizados para o controle das parasitoses intestinais em Teresina, enfatizando que crianças e idosos devem ser considerados grupos prioritários nessas ações.
Assuntos
Parasitologia , Enteropatias , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Introdução: O setor de planejamento em saúde é um dos mais estratégicos para as ações de saúde municipais, pois a ele estão destinado as operações de coordenação, avaliação, controle, administração, organização e gerenciamento das práticas que serão executadas pelos diversos setores. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as potencialidades e limites da articulação intersetorial tendo como exemplaridade as ações de Planejamento em Saúde do município de Moreno-PE 2018/2019, visando a superação da fragmentação das políticas públicas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, abordado por métodos de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e o método da Hermenêutica Dialética. Resultados: Todos os sete sujeitos entrevistados reconhecem a importância do planejamento na saúde no intuito de atingir suas respectivas metas. O SisPlan também demonstrou ser de grande importância nesta direção, ainda que as secretarias do município não utilizem esta ferramenta em sua total plenitude, fato que tem sido um elemento impeditivo para o sucesso da integração das ações de Saúde. Discussão: Recomenda-se aos gestores qualificar o diálogo entre as secretarias, intensificar a alimentação de informações no SisPlan e programar e sistematizar os colegiados internos da Secretaria de Saúde, na perspectiva de contribuir em ações de governo que busquem superar a fragmentação das políticas públicas. (AU)
Introduction: The health planning sector is one of the most strategic for municipal health actions, since coordination, evaluation, control, administration, organization and management of the practices that will be performed by the various sectors are destined for it. Objective: This study aims to analyze the potential and limits of intersectoral articulation with exemplary actions in Health Planning in the municipality of Moreno-PE 2018/2019, aiming to overcome the fragmentation of public policies. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, approached by methods of qualitative and quantitative approach. For data analysis, the Collective Subject Discourse technique and the Dialectic Hermeneutics method were used. Results: All seven subjects interviewed recognize the importance of health planning in order to achieve their respective goals. SisPlan also proved to be of great importance in this direction, even though the municipal secretariats do not use this tool to its fullest extent, a fact that has been an impediment to the success of the integration of health actions. Discussion: It is recommended to managers to qualify the dialogue between the secretariats, to intensify the feeding of information in the SisPlan and to program and systematize the internal collegiate bodies of the Secretariat of Health, with the perspective of contributing to government actions that seek to overcome the fragmentation of public policies. (AU)
Introducción: El sector de la planificación de la salud es uno de los más estratégicos para las acciones municipales de salud, ya que la coordinación, evaluación, control, administración, organización y gestión de las prácticas que realizarán los diversos sectores están destinados a ello. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el potencial y los límites de la articulación intersectorial con acciones ejemplares en Planificación de la Salud en el municipio de Moreno-PE 2018/2019, con el objetivo de superar la fragmentación de las políticas públicas. Metodología:Este es un estudio descriptivo, abordado por métodos de enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron la técnica del discurso del sujeto colectivo y el método de la dialéctica hermenéutica. Resultados: Los siete sujetos entrevistados reconocen la importancia de la planificación de la salud para lograr sus respectivos objetivos. SisPlan también demostró ser de gran importancia en esta dirección, aunque las secretarías municipales no utilizan esta herramienta en toda su extensión, un hecho que ha sido un impedimento para el éxito de la integración de las acciones de salud. Discusión: Se recomienda a los gerentes calificar el diálogo entre las secretarías, intensificar el suministro de información en el Programa y el SisPlan y sistematizar los órganos colegiados internos de la Secretaría de Salud, con la perspectiva de contribuir a las acciones gubernamentales que buscan superar la fragmentación de las políticas públicas. (AU)
Assuntos
Colaboração Intersetorial , Planejamento em SaúdeRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction level on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, efficiency and feeding behavior, and productive performance of F1 Holstein × Zebu cows in late lactation. Sixty F1 Holstein × Zebu cows were used at the stage of late lactation (183.0±17.5 days of lactation) and with initial body weight (BW) of 499±30 kg. The experimental arrangement adopted was the completely randomized design, with five feed restriction levels (3.39, 2.75, 2.50, 2.25, and 2.00% of BW) and twelve cows as replicates for each treatment. The roughage:concentrate ratio was of 75:25 in the total dry matter of the diet. The restriction of dietary supply from 3.39 to 2.0% of BW linearly reduced dry matter intake by 51.74%. The restriction in diet supply linearly increased dry matter digestibility in 13.76%. For each 1% BW restriction in the diet supply for the animals, there was a linear reduction of 3 h in feeding time. Restriction in diet supply of crossbred cows from 3.39 to 2.0% of BW reduced milk production by 24.84%. For each 1% restriction on supply, 2.17 L of milk were not produced. Milk production corrected to 3.5% fat was not altered with the feed restriction. Final BW decreased 41 kg for each percentage unit of diet restriction. Feed efficiency increased 28.72% with feed restriction. For F1 Holstein × Zebu cows in the late lactation, the restriction of dietary supply up to 2.0% of body weight decreases nutrient intake, nitrogen balance, rumination time, and milk production; however, it improves nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency of the animals.(AU)