RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the scientific productions that used educational technologies to promote self-care for people with diabetes. METHOD: Integrative review carried out from October 2022 to January 2023, in the databases: LILACS; Scopus; Embase; PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL. The search was paired, and the sample consisted of ten articles. The levels of evidence were analyzed by the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies, and the results were synthesized for interpretation of the findings. RESULTS: The educational technologies identified to promote self-care were: mobile applications, interactive platforms, print, telemonitoring, video and simulation. The focus of the contents was on the promotion of foot care, prevention of neuropathy, self-management, knowledge, and expectation of people with diabetes and prevention of acute complications. CONCLUSION: The synthesis of knowledge about educational technologies to promote self-care for people with diabetes pointed to the need for robust evidence.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , AutocuidadoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To summarize the scientific productions that used educational technologies to promote self-care for people with diabetes. Method: Integrative review carried out from October 2022 to January 2023, in the databases: LILACS; Scopus; Embase; PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL. The search was paired, and the sample consisted of ten articles. The levels of evidence were analyzed by the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies, and the results were synthesized for interpretation of the findings. Results: The educational technologies identified to promote self-care were: mobile applications, interactive platforms, print, telemonitoring, video and simulation. The focus of the contents was on the promotion of foot care, prevention of neuropathy, self-management, knowledge, and expectation of people with diabetes and prevention of acute complications. Conclusion: The synthesis of knowledge about educational technologies to promote self-care for people with diabetes pointed to the need for robust evidence.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Sintetizar las producciones científicas que utilizaron tecnologías educacionales para promoción del autocuidado de personas con diabetes. Método: Revisión integradora realizada entre octubre de 2022 hasta enero de 2023, en las bases de datos: LILACS; Scopus; Embase; PubMed/MEDLINE y CINAHL. La búsqueda ocurrió de manera pareada, y la muestra fue construida por diez artículos. Los niveles de evidencia fueron analizados por el Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies, y los resultados fueron sintetizados para interpretación de los hallados. Resultados: Las tecnologías educacionales identificadas para promoción del autocuidado fueron: aplicativos móviles, plataformas interactivas, impresos, telemonitorización, vídeo y simulado. El enfoque de los contenidos fue en la promoción del cuidado con los pies, prevención de neuropatia, autogestión, conocimiento y expectativa de personas con diabetes y prevención de complicaciones agudas. Conclusión: El síntesis del conocimiento sobre las tecnologías educacionales para promoción del autocuidado de personas con diabetes señaló la necesidad de evidencias robustas.
RESUMO Objetivo: Sumarizar as produções científicas que utilizaram tecnologias educacionais para promoção do autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada no período de outubro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023, nas bases de dados: LILACS; Scopus; Embase; PubMed/MEDLINE e CINAHL. A busca aconteceu de forma pareada, e a amostra foi constituída por dez artigos. Os níveis de evidência foram analisados pelo Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies, e os resultados foram sintetizados para interpretação dos achados. Resultados: As tecnologias educacionais identificadas para promoção do autocuidado foram: aplicativos móveis, plataformas interativas, impressos, telemonitoramento, vídeo e simulação. O enfoque dos conteúdos foi na promoção do cuidado com os pés, prevenção de neuropatia, autogestão, conhecimento e expectativa de pessoas com diabetes e prevenção de complicações agudas. Conclusão: A síntese do conhecimento sobre as tecnologias educacionais para promoção do autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes apontou a necessidade de evidências robustas.
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Although phylogenetic studies have shown covariation between the properties of spider major ampullate (MA) silk and web building, both spider webs and silks are highly plastic so we cannot be sure whether these traits functionally covary or just vary across environments that the spiders occupy. As MaSp2-like proteins provide MA silk with greater extensibility, their presence is considered necessary for spider webs to effectively capture prey. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae) are predominantly non-web building, but a select few species build webs. We accordingly collected MA silk from two web-building and six non-web-building species found in semirural ecosystems in Uruguay to test whether the presence of MaSp2-like proteins (indicated by amino acid composition, silk mechanical properties and silk nanostructures) was associated with web building across the group. The web-building and non-web-building species were from disparate subfamilies so we estimated a genetic phylogeny to perform appropriate comparisons. For all of the properties measured, we found differences between web-building and non-web-building species. A phylogenetic regression model confirmed that web building and not phylogenetic inertia influences silk properties. Our study definitively showed an ecological influence over spider silk properties. We expect that the presence of the MaSp2-like proteins and the subsequent nanostructures improves the mechanical performance of silks within the webs. Our study furthers our understanding of spider web and silk co-evolution and the ecological implications of spider silk properties.
Assuntos
Seda , Especificidade da Espécie , Aranhas/genética , Aranhas/fisiologia , Animais , Ecossistema , Filogenia , Comportamento PredatórioRESUMO
Neonicotinoids are one of the world's most extensively used insecticides, but their sub-lethal influences on non-target and beneficial organisms are not well known. Here we exposed the orb web spider Parawixia audax, which is found on arable lands in Uruguay, to a sub-lethal concentration of the broad spectrum insecticide Geonex (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin) and monitored their web building. We collected their major ampullate silk and subjected it to tensile tests, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) analysis, and amino acid composition analysis. Around half of the exposed spiders failed to build webs. Those that built webs produced irregular webs lacking spiral threads. The mechanical properties, nanostructures, and amino acid compositions of the silk were all significantly affected when the spiders were exposed to insecticides. We found that silk proline, glutamine, alanine and glycine compositions differed between treatments, indicating that insecticide exposure induced downregulation of the silk protein MaSp2. The spiders in the control group had stronger, tougher and more extensible silks than those in the insecticide exposed group. Our WAXS analyses showed the amorphous region nanostructures became misaligned in insecticide exposed silks, explaining their greater stiffness. While the insecticide dose we subjected P. audax to was evidently sub-lethal, the changes in silk physicochemical properties and the impairment to web building will indelibly affect their ability to catch prey.