RESUMO
The use of biomass for energy production constitutes a promising strategy that warrants the search for new sources of biomass. Elephant grass has been gaining notoriety due to its high dry matter yield and rapid growth. The present study was carried out to quantify the genetic divergence of nine elephant grass half-sib families in order to identify genotypes with greater genetic divergence and productive potential for hybridization, using the hierarchical clustering methodology based on principal components. Half-sib families were generated using genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Elephant Grass. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with nine half-sib families, three replicates, and eight plants per plot. A total of 216 genotypes of elephant grass were evaluated. Principal component (PC), biplot, and hierarchical clustering analyses for diversity estimation were conducted using R software. The first two PCs of biplot analysis accounted for 64% of the cumulative variation. Dry matter yield was the most important trait for genotype discrimination (0.89), followed by plant height (0.67) and stem diameter (0.61) in PC1. In this analysis, the distances between accessions were considered and there were no family links, which indicates the existence of wide variability within the evaluated families, since genotypes belonging to the same family were not grouped together, but rather distributed into different groups. Crosses between genotypes of group three and genotypes of groups one and two are recommended for the development of high-yielding genotypes when aiming at energy production.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Hibridização Genética , Biomassa , Variação Genética/genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Reptiles, as well as other vertebrate groups, harbour a significant diversity of parasitic organisms, from nematodes and other helminths to viruses and bacteria. The Northeast is one of the richest regions in Brazil in terms of the reptile diversity, number of species and endemism. Parasites are diverse organisms and knowledge about the parasitic fauna of vertebrates is an important factor in understanding the ecological relationships between hosts and the environment. Studies on the parasitic fauna of reptiles in South America have increased in the past few years. The present review is a compilation of 122 studies published from 1924 to 2021. We present information on 101 species of reptiles from five groups (amphisbaenians, crocodile, testudines, snakes and lizards) and 183 parasitic taxa belonging to four phyla: Nematoda; Arthropoda; Platyhelminthes; and Acanthocephala. Nematodes were the most frequently recorded species. Lizards and snakes had more records of parasitism and higher levels of parasite richness and diversity. Ceará was the state with most studies and recorded cases of parasite-host association. The Caatinga and Atlantic Forest were the most investigated environments. The objective of this review was to contribute knowledge on the parasitic biodiversity in reptiles from Northeast Brazil, which may help identify gaps in our knowledge and guide future studies.
Assuntos
Lagartos , Nematoides , Parasitos , Animais , Brasil , Lista de Checagem , Lagartos/parasitologia , Serpentes/parasitologiaRESUMO
The application of sewage sludge in soils can bring benefits to agricultural productivity, however, the risks arising from this application must be measured and carefully evaluated. Persistent organics compounds and drugs can be present in the sewage sludge and if applied to the soil, they can cause severe risks to the soil biota and contamination of groundwater. This work determined 174 persistent organic compounds and drugs in sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant using chromatographic methods. The drugs ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and diclofenac were quantified, and values varied according to sampling period. For persistent organic compounds, cresols were the most abundant compounds in sewage sludge. With the analyses made of both the elutriate and the filtrate, it was possible to verify the potential for soil retention or leaching that each compound can present with the application of sewage sludge in the agriculture.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um modelo matemático para predição do peso corporal de cordeiros com base nas medidas biométricas. Foram utilizados dados de 51 cordeiros, com composição genética de pelo menos 50% da raça Santa Inês. O peso corporal (PC) dos animais foi acompanhado durante 91 dias por meio de pesagens semanais. Após as pesagens, foram tomadas as medidas: altura anterior (AA); altura posterior (AP); comprimento corporal (CC); largura de peito (LP); largura de garupa (LG); perímetro torácico (PT) e perímetro de barril (PB). Essas medidas foram utilizadas como variáveis de entrada do modelo. Foi observado correlações positivas e significativas (P<0,05) entre todas as variáveis biométricas com o PC. No entanto, o PC apresentou uma alta correlação com o PT (0,836), seguido do PB (0,818) e AP (0,740). Dessa forma, essas três medidas foram significativas para estimativa do PC. Portanto, o modelo para predizer o PC dos cordeiros foi: Peso (kg)=0,4455* PT - 0,5794 * PB + 0,0019 * AP2 + 0.0053* PB2. O perímetro torácico, perímetro de barril e altura de posterior podem ser utilizados como variáveis preditoras do peso corporal em ovinos mestiços, independente do sexo.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/veterinária , Ovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biometria/métodosRESUMO
The use of chitosan to harvest microalgae is a strategic step that seeks to reach an economically competitive price to recover lipids, proteins, and pigments. The aim of the present work was to design low-molecular-weight chitosan from shrimp shells and its physicochemical characterization, to be used for the harvesting of wild microalgae consortia. The chitosan was obtained by chemical deacetylation of shrimp shells, and physicochemical characterization was made using the instrumental methods DSC, TGA, X-ray, FTIR, and SEM. The harvesting of wild microalgae consortia was performed by the jar test method. The obtained chitosan had a low molecular weight (169 KDa), a deacetylation degree of 83 %, a decomposition temperature (TD) of 280⯰C, and a crystallinity of 38.2 %. The microalgae genera found in the consortium were Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Schroderia sp., and Chlamydomonas sp. The microalgae removal efficiency of the chitosan was 99.2 % with 20â¯mgâ¯L-1.
RESUMO
This work deals with the development of a nonlinear Periodic Event-Triggered Control strategy employed to the consensus of a multi-vehicle autonomous system based on (3,0) mobile robots. First, the existence of the Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) applicable to the consensus problem is proven. This is subsequently used to develop event and feedback functions. The Periodic Event-Triggered Control ensures trajectories boundedness and convergence to consensus while a specific sampling period is provided. Also, the formation problem is addressed as an extension of the presented work. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed control strategy which reduces 99.78% the number of control updates compared to a continuous control law, resulting in energy saving for the information transfer from central control to the mobile robots.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: An association has been found between lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and emotional and behavioral problems, particularly in cases of urinary incontinence. Other associated symptoms and the coexistence of functional constipation require further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether emotional and behavioral problems are more common in children and adolescents with LUTD. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in public places. Parents answered questions on urinary and psychological symptoms in their children aged 5-14 years. Children/adolescents with neurological problems or anatomical urinary tract abnormalities were excluded. The Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System was used for assessing urinary symptoms, the Rome III Diagnostic Criteria for evaluating bowel symptoms, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for evaluating emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS: Of the 806 children/adolescents included, 53% were female. The mean age was 9.1 ± 2.7 years. The prevalence of LUTD was 16.4%. Overall, 26.2% had abnormal scores in the overall SDQ scale, 29.2% in the emotional problems subscale, and 30% in the conduct problems subscale. Of the children with LUTD, 40.5% screened positive for emotional/behavioral problems, with a significant association being found for the overall SDQ scale (P < 0.001) and for the emotional problems (P < 0.001), conduct problems (P < 0.001), and hyperactivity (P = 0.037) subscales. Urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, and voiding postponement were significantly associated with a greater prevalence of abnormalities in the overall SDQ score (P = 0.05; P = 0.004, and P = 0.012, respectively). Bladder and bowel dysfunction was an aggravator of emotional and behavioral problems, with more intense symptoms, both in the overall SDQ scale and in the subscales. In the multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with the presence of emotional and behavioral problems were LUTD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91), constipation (OR = 1.7), studying in a government-funded school (OR = 2.2), and poor education of the head of the family (OR = 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with LUTD have more emotional and behavioral problems, with bladder and bowel dysfunction being an aggravating factor for this association.
Assuntos
Constipação Intestinal/psicologia , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/psicologia , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Incontinência Urinária/psicologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Criança , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/diagnóstico , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/epidemiologia , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Incontinência Urinária/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermentation time on the qualitative and chemical characteristics of Gliricidia sepium silage grown in the agreste of Sergipe. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates was used. The treatments were the different opening times of the silos (7, 14, 30, 42 and 60 days after the closing date). Mini PVC silos measuring 10 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length were used. The production of lactic acid was influenced (P = 0.01) by fermentation time, which showed a positive quadratic effect. Fermentation time exerted a linear effect (P=0.02) on the buffering capacity and a negative quadratic effect (P=0.01) on pH values. A positive quadratic effect (P<0.01) was observed on ammoniacal nitrogen in silage. There was a positive quadratic effect (P=0.04) on EE concentration during the fermentation times analyzed. There was no effect (P>0.05) of fermentation time on the other chemical variables, with mean values of 230.2, 66.4, 514.8, 407.6, 66.7, 107.2, 447.4 and 213.4 g/kg DM for DM, MM, NDF, ADF, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and NFC, respectively. No effect (P>0.05) of fermentation time was observed for crude protein content or protein fractions, with mean values of 204.2, 356.2, 128.8, 353 and 162.6 g/kg for crude protein, fraction A, fraction B1 + B2, fraction B3 and fraction C, respectively. Gliricidia showed potential as a food source in the form of silage, as fermentation preserved its bromatological characteristics. It is suitable for consumption by the animals at 60 days of fermentation.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tempo da fermentação sobre as características qualitativas e químicas da silagem de Gliricidia sepium cultivada no agreste sergipano. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos os diferentes períodos de abertura dos silos (7, 14, 30, 42 e 60 dias após a data do fechamento). Foram utilizados silos experimentais de PVC com 10 cm de diâmetro e 30 cm de comprimento, foram avaliadas as características fermentativas, química e o fracionamento protéico. Foi observada uma taxa de resistência de 0,13 do poder tampão em promover o abaixamento do pH por cada dia de fermentação do material. O ácido latíco apresentou efeito quadrático positivo, com ponto de máximo aos 44 dias com valor de 4,7%. O pH apresentou comportamento quadrático negativo, estima-se que aos 73,5 dias o pH atingiria o menor valor (4,0). Observou-se comportamento quadrático positivo sobre o N-NH3. O ponto de máximo para N-NH3 foi aos 68 dias com valor de 5,5%. Observou-se efeito quadrático positivo (P=0,04) na concentração de EE durante os tempos de fermentação analisados, não houve efeito (P>0,05) do tempo de fermentação para as demais variáveis químicas com valores médios de 230,2 g/kg, 66,4; 514,8; 407,6; 66,7; 107,2; 447,4 e 213,4 (g/kg da MS) para MS, MM, FDN, FDA, Lig, Hem, Cel e CNF, respectivamente. Não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) do tempo de fermentação para o teor de proteína bruta (PB) e para os fracionamentos protéicos, tendo valores médios de 204,2 g/kg, 356,2, 128,8, 353, 162,6, para PB, fração A, fração B1+B2, fração B3 e fração C, respectivamente. Os parâmetros fermentativos indicam que a silagem de Gliricídia está em condições adequadas aos 60 dias de fermentação.(AU)
Assuntos
Fabaceae/química , Silagem/análise , Fermentação , Proteínas/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermentation time on the qualitative and chemical characteristics of Gliricidia sepium silage grown in the agreste of Sergipe. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates was used. The treatments were the different opening times of the silos (7, 14, 30, 42 and 60 days after the closing date). Mini PVC silos measuring 10 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length were used. The production of lactic acid was influenced (P = 0.01) by fermentation time, which showed a positive quadratic effect. Fermentation time exerted a linear effect (P=0.02) on the buffering capacity and a negative quadratic effect (P=0.01) on pH values. A positive quadratic effect (P0.05) of fermentation time on the other chemical variables, with mean values of 230.2, 66.4, 514.8, 407.6, 66.7, 107.2, 447.4 and 213.4 g/kg DM for DM, MM, NDF, ADF, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and NFC, respectively. No effect (P>0.05) of fermentation time was observed for crude protein content or protein fractions, with mean values of 204.2, 356.2, 128.8, 353 and 162.6 g/kg for crude protein, fraction A, fraction B1 + B2, fraction B3 and fraction C, respectively. Gliricidia showed potential as a food source in the form of silage, as fermentation preserved its bromatological characteristics. It is suitable for consumption by the animals at 60 days of fermentation.
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tempo da fermentação sobre as características qualitativas e químicas da silagem de Gliricidia sepium cultivada no agreste sergipano. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos os diferentes períodos de abertura dos silos (7, 14, 30, 42 e 60 dias após a data do fechamento). Foram utilizados silos experimentais de PVC com 10 cm de diâmetro e 30 cm de comprimento, foram avaliadas as características fermentativas, química e o fracionamento protéico. Foi observada uma taxa de resistência de 0,13 do poder tampão em promover o abaixamento do pH por cada dia de fermentação do material. O ácido latíco apresentou efeito quadrático positivo, com ponto de máximo aos 44 dias com valor de 4,7%. O pH apresentou comportamento quadrático negativo, estima-se que aos 73,5 dias o pH atingiria o menor valor (4,0). Observou-se comportamento quadrático positivo sobre o N-NH3. O ponto de máximo para N-NH3 foi aos 68 dias com valor de 5,5%. Observou-se efeito quadrático positivo (P=0,04) na concentração de EE durante os tempos de fermentação analisados, não houve efeito (P>0,05) do tempo de fermentação para as demais variáveis químicas com valores médios de 230,2 g/kg, 66,4; 514,8; 407,6; 66,7; 107,2; 447,4 e 213,4 (g/kg da MS) para MS, MM, FDN, FDA, Lig, Hem, Cel e CNF, respectivamente. Não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) do tempo de fermentação para o teor de proteína bruta (PB) e para os fracionamentos protéicos, tendo valores médios de 204,2 g/kg, 356,2, 128,8, 353, 162,6, para PB, fração A, fração B1+B2, fração B3 e fração C, respectivamente. Os parâmetros fermentativos indicam que a silagem de Gliricídia está em condições adequadas aos 60 dias de fermentação.
Assuntos
Fabaceae/química , Fermentação , Proteínas/química , Silagem/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fracturas maxilofaciales se asocian a importante morbilidad, peÌrdida de función y secuelas esteÌticas, entre otros. Dentro de las fracturas mandibulares, las fracturas de cóndilo mandibular son las más frecuentes. Estas pueden ser tratadas mediante un tratamiento quirúrgico (reducción abierta más estabilización con miniplacas de titanio) o un tratamiento conservador (ortopédico). MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos ocho revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 66 estudios primarios, de los cuales, seis corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que, en comparación con el tratamiento conservador, el tratamiento quirúrgico en fracturas de cóndilo mandibular probablemente se asocia a menor dolor articular, menor maloclusión y menor desviación lateral en apertura bucal.
INTRODUCTION: Maxillofacial fractures are associated with significant morbidity, loss of function and aesthetic sequelae, among others. Within mandibular fractures, mandibular condylar fractures are the most frequent. These can be treated by surgical treatment or conservative treatment (orthopedic). METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified eight systematic reviews including 66 primary studies overall, of which six were randomized trials. We concluded surgical treatment of mandibular condyle fractures, compared to conservative treatment, is probably associated with less joint pain, less malocclusion and less lateral deviation in buccal opening.
Assuntos
Humanos , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Côndilo Mandibular/lesões , Fraturas Mandibulares/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Tratamento Conservador/métodos , Fraturas Mandibulares/patologiaRESUMO
This study evaluated the chemical composition and kinetics of ruminal fermentation of four forage species submitted or not to irrigation. The species evaluated were Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 (MG-5), Andropogon gayanus (Andropogon), Urochloa humidicola (Humidicola), and Digitaria umfolozi. The experiment was conducted on the Campus Rural experimental farm, São Cristóvão, SE. Significant differences (P<0.0001) were observed in the content of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC), hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, and lignin. Andropogon exhibited higher DM, OM, CP, ADF and lignin concentrations. NFC and cellulose content was higher in MG-5 grass. A significant difference (P=0.0002 and P=0.0004) was observed in the rate of DM and OM disappearance, respectively. These rates were higher in D. umfolozi and Humidicola, as well as in irrigated versus non-irrigated forages. There was a significant difference in cumulative gas volume which was higher in Andropogon and MG-5 compared to the other forages. Significant differences were also found in the fermentation parameters, with Andropogon grass exhibiting a lower volume and rate of gas production from the fractions of fast and slow digestion, as well as a higher lag time. Irrigation does not affect the fermentation parameters of forages and reduces their DM and CP content. The higher protein and lignin content and lower NFC content observed in Andropogon reduced fermentation parameters and cumulative gas production over time. Humidicola exhibits a higher volume of gas produced, as well as a higher gas volume from the faster- and slower-digesting fractions and the highest gas production from these fractions.(AU)
Avaliou-se a composição química e a cinética de fermentação ruminal de quatro es-pécies forrageiras submetidas ou não à irrigação. As espécies avaliadas foram Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 (MG-5), Andropogon gayanus (Andropogon), Urochloa humidicola (Humidicola) e Digitaria umfolozi (Digitaria umfolozi). O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Campus Rural, São Cristóvão, SE. Observou-se diferença significativa (P<0,0001) nos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), hemicelulose, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose e lignina. O capim Andropogon apresentou maiores teores de MS, MO, PB, FDA e lignina. O capim MG-5 apresentou maiores teores de CNF e celulose. Ob-servou-se diferença significativa (P=0,0002 e P=0,0004) na taxa de desaparecimento da MS e MO, respectivamente. Já, as espécies D. umfolozi e Humidicola apresentaram os maiores percentuais de desaparecimento da MS e MO, sendo que as forrageiras irrigadas foram maiores que as não irrigadas. Observou-se diferença significativa no volume acumulado de gás, onde os capins An-dropogon e MG-5 apresentaram maiores valores que os demais. Também foi observada diferença significativa nos parâmetros fermentativos, sendo que o capim Andropogon apresentou menores volumes e taxas de produção de gás das frações de rápida e lenta degradação, bem como maior lag time. A irrigação não afeta os parâmetros fermentativos das forrageiras e reduz o teor de matéria seca e proteína bruta das mesmas. O capim Andropogon apresenta maior teor proteico e de ligni-na, e menor teor de carboidratos não fibrosos, o que resultou em redução dos parâmetros fermen-tativos e da produção de gás acumulada ao longo do tempo...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Irrigação Agrícola/métodos , Ruminação Digestiva , Andropogon/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
This study evaluated the chemical composition and kinetics of ruminal fermentation of four forage species submitted or not to irrigation. The species evaluated were Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 (MG-5), Andropogon gayanus (Andropogon), Urochloa humidicola (Humidicola), and Digitaria umfolozi. The experiment was conducted on the Campus Rural experimental farm, São Cristóvão, SE. Significant differences (P<0.0001) were observed in the content of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC), hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, and lignin. Andropogon exhibited higher DM, OM, CP, ADF and lignin concentrations. NFC and cellulose content was higher in MG-5 grass. A significant difference (P=0.0002 and P=0.0004) was observed in the rate of DM and OM disappearance, respectively. These rates were higher in D. umfolozi and Humidicola, as well as in irrigated versus non-irrigated forages. There was a significant difference in cumulative gas volume which was higher in Andropogon and MG-5 compared to the other forages. Significant differences were also found in the fermentation parameters, with Andropogon grass exhibiting a lower volume and rate of gas production from the fractions of fast and slow digestion, as well as a higher lag time. Irrigation does not affect the fermentation parameters of forages and reduces their DM and CP content. The higher protein and lignin content and lower NFC content observed in Andropogon reduced fermentation parameters and cumulative gas production over time. Humidicola exhibits a higher volume of gas produced, as well as a higher gas volume from the faster- and slower-digesting fractions and the highest gas production from these fractions.
Avaliou-se a composição química e a cinética de fermentação ruminal de quatro es-pécies forrageiras submetidas ou não à irrigação. As espécies avaliadas foram Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 (MG-5), Andropogon gayanus (Andropogon), Urochloa humidicola (Humidicola) e Digitaria umfolozi (Digitaria umfolozi). O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Campus Rural, São Cristóvão, SE. Observou-se diferença significativa (P<0,0001) nos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), hemicelulose, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose e lignina. O capim Andropogon apresentou maiores teores de MS, MO, PB, FDA e lignina. O capim MG-5 apresentou maiores teores de CNF e celulose. Ob-servou-se diferença significativa (P=0,0002 e P=0,0004) na taxa de desaparecimento da MS e MO, respectivamente. Já, as espécies D. umfolozi e Humidicola apresentaram os maiores percentuais de desaparecimento da MS e MO, sendo que as forrageiras irrigadas foram maiores que as não irrigadas. Observou-se diferença significativa no volume acumulado de gás, onde os capins An-dropogon e MG-5 apresentaram maiores valores que os demais. Também foi observada diferença significativa nos parâmetros fermentativos, sendo que o capim Andropogon apresentou menores volumes e taxas de produção de gás das frações de rápida e lenta degradação, bem como maior lag time. A irrigação não afeta os parâmetros fermentativos das forrageiras e reduz o teor de matéria seca e proteína bruta das mesmas. O capim Andropogon apresenta maior teor proteico e de ligni-na, e menor teor de carboidratos não fibrosos, o que resultou em redução dos parâmetros fermen-tativos e da produção de gás acumulada ao longo do tempo...
Assuntos
Animais , Andropogon/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Irrigação Agrícola/métodos , Ruminação DigestivaRESUMO
Cambui (Myrciaria tenella O. Berg) is a native species from Brazil, which belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Molecular characterization is one of the most used tools for the study of the biotechnological potential of species because the diversity level between individuals can be inferred. Analysis of genetic diversity is fundamental to the direction of the strategies necessary to form and maintain a germplasm. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in a natural population of cambui using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. The natural population, which provided the plant material, is found at the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage of Caju, which belongs to the experimental field of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, in the municipality of Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE, Brazil. Young leaves of each individual were collected for DNA extraction and analysis of PCR-ISSR. Thirty primers were tested and the top 10 were selected. The use of these primers resulted in 71 fragments with 98.3% polymorphism. Similarity of individuals ranged between 0.30 and 0.92. The most similar individuals were C13 and C17 and the most distant were C1 and C41. Through UPGMA, six distinct groups were identified. This information may be used for conservation of these genetic resources, germplasm exchange, creation of germplasm bank and in future studies with this species.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Árvores/genética , Alelos , Frutas/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Geografia , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Hyptis leucocephala e Hyptis platanifolia (Lamiaceae) são espécies aromáticas endêmicas do semiárido nordestino e possuem grande importância econômica devido ao seu potencial medicinal. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo obter o protocolo para o estabelecimento inicial in vitro das espécies H. leucocephala e H. platanifolia. O meio de cultura WPM promoveu a maior porcentagem de germinação (96,81%) para H. leucocephala, porém não diferiu estatisticamente dos resultados obtidos no MS½ na última semana de cultivo. Para a germinação de sementes de H. platanifolia, o MS½ foi o meio que proporcionou a maior porcentagem (40,83%). O tipo de esterilização não interferiu na germinação in vitro para as duas espécies. Para a espécie H. platanifolia, quando se utilizou o fechamento dos tubos de ensaio com tampão de algodão, a hiperidricidade foi eliminada; porém, a porcentagem de germinação das sementes foi menor. Avaliando-se o tipo de meio de cultura no crescimento in vitro de H. leucocephala observou-se que este fator não influenciou no número de brotações, nem o comprimento de parte aérea e da matéria seca de raiz. O meio MS proporcionou incremento para o número de folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea, e comprimento da maior raiz, enquanto o meio MS½ foi o que promoveu maior número de raízes. O meio de cultura ideal para a germinação de H. leucocephala e H. platanifolia foi o MS½, podendo ser esterilizado com hipoclorito de sódio, enquanto que o MS foi o melhor meio de cultura para o crescimento in vitro de H. leucocephala.
The Hyptis leucocephala and Hyptis platanifolia (Lamiaceae) are aromatic species, endemic to the Brazilian Semiarid northeast, and they have great economic importance becaude of their pharmacological potential. This study aimed to obtain the protocol for the in vitro establishment of H. leucocephala and H. platanifolia plants. The WPM promoted higher germination percentage (96.81%) for H. leucocephala, but there was no difference between the results obtained in ½MS, in the last week of cultivation. For the germination of H. platanifolia, ½MS was the one that provided the highest percentage (40.83%). The type of sterilization did not affect the in vitro germination of both species. For the H. platanifolia species, when we closed the tubes with a cotton plug, hyperhydricity was eliminated, but the percentage of seed germination was the lowest one. Evaluating the type of culture medium on the in vitro growth of H. leucocephala, it did not influence the number of shoots, length of shoot or root dry matter. The MS medium promoted an increase of the number of leaves, dry shoot and longest root length, and the ½MS medium was more suitable for root induction. The optimal culture medium for the germination of H. leucocephala and H. platanifolia is ½MS, as it can be sterilized with sodium hypochlorite, while the MS was the best culture medium for the in vitro growth of H. leucocephala.
Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Germinação , Hyptis/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The trypanosomatids Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma brucei spp. cause Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis, respectively. It is estimated that over 10 million people worldwide suffer from these neglected diseases, posing enormous social and economic problems in endemic areas. There are no vaccines to prevent these infections and chemotherapies are not adequate. This picture indicates that new chemotherapeutic agents must be developed to treat these illnesses. For this purpose, understanding the biology of the pathogenic trypanosomatid- host cell interface is fundamental for molecular and functional characterization of virulence factors that may be used as targets for the development of inhibitors to be used for effective chemotherapy. In this context, it is well known that proteases have crucial functions for both metabolism and infectivity of pathogens and are thus potential drug targets. In this regard, prolyl oligopeptidase and oligopeptidase B, both members of the S9 serine protease family, have been shown to play important roles in the interactions of pathogenic protozoa with their mammalian hosts and may thus be considered targets for drug design. This review aims to discuss structural and functional properties of these intriguing enzymes and their potential as targets for the development of drugs against Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and African trypanosomiasis.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Protozoários/antagonistas & inibidores , Serina Endopeptidases/química , Tripanossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Tripanossomíase/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Prolil Oligopeptidases , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Tripanossomicidas/química , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Trypanosoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Trypanosoma/enzimologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the infectious agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), is responsible for substantial economic losses in goat and sheep production. Molecular characterization of C. pseudotuberculosis isolates by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR has shown promising results in genotyping strains isolated from sheep with CLA. We evaluated the genetic diversity of C. pseudotuberculosis isolates collected from the Sertão region of the Pernambuco (PE) State, Brazil, and investigated the potential of ERIC-PCR as a tool for the molecular typing of strains of C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from goats. Thirty-two C. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from goats in the municipalities of Floresta and Ibimirim, PE, C. pseudotuberculosis type strain ATCC 19410, the 1002 vaccine strain, and a field isolate of Rhodococcus equi were fingerprinted using the primers ERIC-1R and ERIC-2 and the primer pair ERIC- 1R+ERIC-2. Using 100% similarity as the cutoff, 8, 10, and 7 genotypes were obtained with ERIC-1-PCR, ERIC-2-PCR, and ERIC-1+2-PCR, respectively. The Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index calculated for the ERIC-1-PCR was 0.75. The index for the ERIC-2-PCR was 0.88, and the index for the ERIC-1+2-PCR was 0.79. Among goat isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis, three, two and four genotypes (found by ERIC-1-PCR, ERIC-2-PCR, and ERIC-1+2-PCR, respectively) had been previously described among sheep isolates from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. These results showed that ERIC-PCR has good discriminatory power and typeability, making it a useful tool for discrimination among C. pseudotuberculosis isolates from goats.
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Sequência Consenso/genética , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/genética , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , DNA Intergênico/genética , Cabras/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Animais , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Enterobacteriaceae/genéticaRESUMO
AFLP markers combined with the bulk segregant analysis methodology was used for the identification of molecular markers associated with the cowpea golden mosaic virus (CGMV) resistance gene in 286 F(2) cowpea plants derived from the cross IT97K-499-35 x Canapu T16. Segregation data in the F(2) population demonstrated that tolerance to CGMV is controlled by a single dominant gene. Among the 196 combinations of AFLP primers tested, which generated approximately 3800 amplicons, three markers linked to the CGMV resistance gene were identified: E.AAC/M.CCC(515) at 4.3 cM, E.AGG/M.CTT(280) at 14.2 cM and E.AAA/M.CAG(352) at 16.8 cM, with 50.4, 24.4, and 28.7 LOD scores, respectively; the former two markers flank the CGMV loci. These markers could be used for the development of 'sequence characterized amplified region' type markers or for greater saturation of this region, to increase the precision of assisted selection for the development of cowpea strains tolerant to CGMV.
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Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Comovirus/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Fabaceae/genética , Fabaceae/virologia , Ligação Genética , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Loci Gênicos/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/virologiaRESUMO
A aroeira-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) é espécie arbórea que apresenta grande valor econômico devido às propriedades químicas da casca com elevado teor de taninos. Em decorrência da exploração predatória encontra-se inserida na lista oficial de espécies da flora brasileira ameaçadas de extinção na categoria vulnerável. A micropropagação vem sendo colocada como importante forma de multiplicação dessa espécie, na busca de alternativa para a exploração sustentável. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de induzir calos a partir de segmentos foliares usando 2,4-D e caracterizá-los quanto aos aspectos morfológicos e bioquímicos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que é possível induzir calos a partir de segmentos foliares de aroeira-do-sertão utilizando-se 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D). Os calos obtidos foram compactos e não-embriogênicos, apresentando valores médios de 43,32 mg g-1 de açúcares solúveis totais; 23,62 mg g-1 de açúcares redutores; 3,157 mg g-1 de proteína total; 3,147 mg g-1 de aminoácidos livres e 0,914 mg g-1 de compostos fenólicos totais na matéria fresca.
"Aroeira-do-sertão" (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) is a tree species that has great economic value due to the chemical properties of its bark, which has high tannin content. On account of the predatory exploitation it has been placed in the official list of threatened species of the Brazilian flora, in the vulnerable category. Micropropagation has been considered an important form of multiplication of this species in the search for an alternative for its sustainable exploitation. This study was conducted with the aim of inducing callus from leaf segments using 2,4-D and characterizing them according to their morphological and biochemical aspects. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to induce callus from leaf segments of M. urundeuva using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D). The obtained calluses were compact and non-embryogenic, with average values of 43.32 mg g-1 total soluble sugars, 23.62 mg g-1 reducing sugars, 3.157 mg g-1 total protein, 3.147 mg g-1 free-form amino acids and 0.914 mg g-1 phenolic compounds in the fresh matter.
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Bioquímica , Bursera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Melhoramento VegetalRESUMO
"Quina" (Strychnos pseudoquina A. St. Hil) is a medicinal plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado. As its seeds show dormancy, they were subjected to the treatments pre-cooling at 5ºC during 7 days, pre-heating at 40ºC during 7 days, pre-soaking in sulfuric acid PA during 5 and 15 min, pre-soaking in boiling water during 5 and 15 min, pre-soaking in 100 and 200 ppm gibberellic acid during 48 h, pre-soaking in distilled water during 24 and 48 h, and mechanical scarification to break dormancy. Counts were daily conducted from the 2nd day after the experiment implementation until the germination stabilization at the 65th day. The germination speed index (GSI) and the germination percentage were evaluated. Germination rates above 96 percent were reached in seeds pre-soaked in water during 48 h and substrate moistened with water or KNO3.
A quina (Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-Hil) é espécie medicinal do Cerrado Brasileiro. As sementes apresentam dormência e, por isso, foram submetidas aos tratamentos pré-resfriamento a 5ºC durante 7 dias, pré-aquecimento a 40ºC durante 7 dias, pré-embebição em ácido sulfúrico P.A. durante 5 e 15 minutos, pré-embebição em água fervente durante 5 e 15 minutos, pré-embebição em ácido giberélico a 100 e 200 ppm, durante 48 horas, pré-embebição em água destilada durante 24 e 48 horas e escarificação mecânica, visando à superação da dormência. Foram realizadas contagens diárias entre o 2º dia após a implantação do experimento até a estabilização da germinação, que ocorreu no 65º dia. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e a porcentagem de germinação. Taxas de germinação acima de 96 por cento foram atingidas em sementes pré-embebidas em água durante 48 horas e substrato umedecido com água ou KNO3.