RESUMO
Two hundred and forty Japanese quail aged 125 days were randomly allocated to five treatment groups based on laying (%) and quail's weight (90.71 ± 1.8% egg/day × 100 and 178.05 ± 9.38 g, respectively), each of which included six replicates of eight quails. The diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, and industrial amino acids. An optimal diet achieves 100% of amino acids required by the quail requirements, except for threonine. Five treatments were made: 20% less amino acid; 10% less amino acid; optimal diet; 10% more amino acid; and 20% more amino acids than those in the optimal diet. The increase in amino acid levels in a fixed Lys: amino acid ratio led to histological alterations in the liver and uterine epithelium, reduction in blood lipid peroxidation, lower hepatic HSP70 gene expression, and the performance of laying Japanese quail. The optimal diet based on the NRC with an adjusted Thr: Lys 78 ratio (Lys 1.0%) improved the performance and efficiency of Japanese quail from 125 to 230 days of age.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , RNA de Transferência de Treonina/análise , Coturnix/fisiologia , Lisina/administração & dosagem , Saúde Reprodutiva , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição AnimalRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physic nut and neem oil on the hatching of caterpillars of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794). Tests were conducted in acclimatized chambers at 25 ± 2 C, RH 70 ± 10% and photophase of 12h. The treatments were: distilled water (control), aqueous solution of physic nut oil at 3%; aqueous solution of neem oil at 3%, and aqueous solution of physic nut and neem oil, both at 3%. A total of 250 eggs from D. saccharalis up to 24 hours of age were used for each treatment. Each egg mass containing 50 eggs, constituting one repetition, was immersed three times, for one second, in the respective treatments. Then the eggs were distributed in Petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing filter paper moistened with distilled water at the bottom to prevent drying of the egg mass. Evaluations were made of the embryonic period and the percentage of hatched larvae of D. saccharalis. Differences were found that indicate that the vegetable oils had a toxic effect on the hatching of sugarcane borer larvae. In the treatment with neem oil only 42.4% of the eggs hatched. In the treatment with physic nut + neem oil 70% of the eggs hatched, and in the treatment with physic nut oil 60% of the eggs hatched. An increase in the embryonic period was also observed, particularly in the treatment with physic nut oil (7.09 days). It can be inferred that the oils of.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos dos óleos de pinhão-manso e neem na eclosão de lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794). Os testes foram conduzidos em câmaras climatizadas a 25 ± 2 C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Os tratamentos foram compostos por: água destilada (testemunha); solução aquosa de óleo de pinhão-manso a 3%; solução aquosa de óleo de neem a 3% e solução aquosa de óleo de pinhão-manso + óleo de neem a 3%. Foram utilizados 250 ovos de D. saccharalis com até 24 horas de idade, por tratamento. Cada massa de ovos contendo 50 ovos, constituindo uma repetição, foi imersa três vezes, durante um segundo, nos respectivos tratamentos. Em seguida, os ovos foram distribuídos em placas de Petri (5 cm de diâmetro) contendo no fundo papel filtro umedecido com água destilada, para evitar o ressecamento das massas de ovos. Foram avaliados o período embrionário e a porcentagem de lagartas eclodidas de D. saccharalis. Verificou-se efeito tóxico dos óleos vegetais sobre a eclosão das lagartas da broca-da-cana, constatando-se diferenças. Observou-se que, no tratamento com neem, apenas 42,4% das lagartas eclodiram. Para o tratamento de pinhão-manso + neem ocorreu 70% da eclosão das lagartas e com o óleo de pinhão-manso, 60% de lagartas eclodidas. Foi verificado também um alongamento do período embrionário, principalmente do tratamento com óleo de pinhã.(AU)
Assuntos
Inseticidas , JatrophaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physic nut and neem oil on the hatching of caterpillars of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794). Tests were conducted in acclimatized chambers at 25 ± 2 C, RH 70 ± 10% and photophase of 12h. The treatments were: distilled water (control), aqueous solution of physic nut oil at 3%; aqueous solution of neem oil at 3%, and aqueous solution of physic nut and neem oil, both at 3%. A total of 250 eggs from D. saccharalis up to 24 hours of age were used for each treatment. Each egg mass containing 50 eggs, constituting one repetition, was immersed three times, for one second, in the respective treatments. Then the eggs were distributed in Petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing filter paper moistened with distilled water at the bottom to prevent drying of the egg mass. Evaluations were made of the embryonic period and the percentage of hatched larvae of D. saccharalis. Differences were found that indicate that the vegetable oils had a toxic effect on the hatching of sugarcane borer larvae. In the treatment with neem oil only 42.4% of the eggs hatched. In the treatment with physic nut + neem oil 70% of the eggs hatched, and in the treatment with physic nut oil 60% of the eggs hatched. An increase in the embryonic period was also observed, particularly in the treatment with physic nut oil (7.09 days). It can be inferred that the oils of.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos dos óleos de pinhão-manso e neem na eclosão de lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794). Os testes foram conduzidos em câmaras climatizadas a 25 ± 2 C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Os tratamentos foram compostos por: água destilada (testemunha); solução aquosa de óleo de pinhão-manso a 3%; solução aquosa de óleo de neem a 3% e solução aquosa de óleo de pinhão-manso + óleo de neem a 3%. Foram utilizados 250 ovos de D. saccharalis com até 24 horas de idade, por tratamento. Cada massa de ovos contendo 50 ovos, constituindo uma repetição, foi imersa três vezes, durante um segundo, nos respectivos tratamentos. Em seguida, os ovos foram distribuídos em placas de Petri (5 cm de diâmetro) contendo no fundo papel filtro umedecido com água destilada, para evitar o ressecamento das massas de ovos. Foram avaliados o período embrionário e a porcentagem de lagartas eclodidas de D. saccharalis. Verificou-se efeito tóxico dos óleos vegetais sobre a eclosão das lagartas da broca-da-cana, constatando-se diferenças. Observou-se que, no tratamento com neem, apenas 42,4% das lagartas eclodiram. Para o tratamento de pinhão-manso + neem ocorreu 70% da eclosão das lagartas e com o óleo de pinhão-manso, 60% de lagartas eclodidas. Foi verificado também um alongamento do período embrionário, principalmente do tratamento com óleo de pinhã.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , JatrophaRESUMO
A comparative histopathological study of three snails species--Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. straminea--which had been infected with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia revealed similar qualitative features; consisting of areas of sporocyst proliferation and differentiation associated with reactive host reaction, at the time they were actively eliminating great number of cercariae. However, in specimens that were exposed to miracidia but failed to eliminate cercariae later on, different histopathological pictures were observed in different snail species. While B. glabrata exhibited frequent focal (granulomatous) proliferation of amebocytes in several organs, B. tenagophila and B. straminea only rarely showed such reactive changes, suggesting that the mechanism of resistance to miracidial infection probably follows different pathways in the snail species studied.