RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: No prospective study has been published investigating etiology of HCC in Latin America. The primary aim of this prospective study was to analyze the etiology of liver disease in patients with HCC from our area. Secondary aims were to evaluate staging using Okuda and BCLC classifications; and percentage of patients receiving treatment. METHODS: The Governing Board of the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver designed the protocol. During a 18 month period, all members were invited to load their incident HCC cases on line. RESULTS: 240 cases from 9 countries were uploaded, 174 were male (72.5%), median age was 64 years, interquartile range 57-72. In 85.4% of cases, patients had underlying cirrhosis. Main etiological factors were: HCV in 74 patients (30.8%), alcohol in 49 (20.4%), cryptogenic cirrhosis in 35 (14.6%), HBV in 26 (10.8%), HCV plus alcohol in 14 (5.8%). Considering the combinations, hepatitis C was shown in 91 patients (38%); chronic alcoholism in 68 patients (28%); and hepatitis B in 33 patients (14%). There were no significant differences between the groups in the age at diagnosis. Percentage of male gender was higher in groups of alcohol (94%), HCV plus alcohol (93%) and HBV (85%) than in cryptogenic cirrhosis (60%) and HCV (59%) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study showed that hepatitis C is the more frequent etiology of HCC in Latin America, followed by alcoholic cirrhosis. Demographical results showed a male predominance (male:female ratio 2.6) with an important proportion of patients being diagnosed at their sixties.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Cooperação Internacional , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , América Latina/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/complicações , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción. El CHC afecta de manera importante la supervivencia porque se diagnostica tardíamente en muchos países. Objetivos. Describir la supervivencia, características clínicas y bioquímicas en pacientes con diagnóstico de CHC. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en pacientes diagnosticados con CHC. Se recolectaron variables y se analizó el desenlace, con seguimiento de 6 meses. El diagnóstico de CHC se hizo según los criterios de la Asociación Europea para el estudio del hígado y criterios histológicos en caso de disponer de biopsia. Resultados. Un total de 35 pacientes ingresaron al estudio. Doce tenían diagnóstico de CHC (34%) y 23 (66%) diagnóstico de CHC asociado a cirrosis. Las etiologías de los casos de cirrosis y CHC fueron consumo de alcohol (12, 52%), virus B (VHB) (3, 13%), virus C (VHC) (1, 4,3%), criptogénica (5, 21,7%), esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA) (1, 4,3%), y coexistencia de virus B y alcohol (1, 4,3%). Con base en los criterios del BCLC cinco pacientes recibieron transplante hepático (15,6%), 3 (9,4%) resección quirúrgica, 8 (25%) quimioembolización transarterial (TACE) y 16 (50%) cuidado paliativo. Veintinueve (83%) pacientes fallecieron. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los pacientes solo recibieron terapia debido al diagnóstico tardío lo cual se relaciona con una supervivencia pobre en esta serie, de ahí que sea pertinente buscar políticas de atención en salud que permitan una vigilancia estrecha y tamización adecuada para CHC en los pacientes con hepatopatía crónica. Como se ha descrito por otros autores, los niveles de AFP se relacionan con la supervivencia de los pacientes, independiente del tratamiento recibido.
Introduction. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shortens survival significantly due to its usual late diagnosis.Objectives. Describe retrospectively the survival, clinical and biochemical characteristics in patients with a diagnosis of HCC.Patients and Methods. A retrospective study which included patients diagnosed with HCC was performed. The variables of interest were taken and the outcome was analyzed with a follow up of 6 month. The diagnosis of HCC was made in agreement with the criteria of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and histologic criteria in the cases were biopsies were available. Results. 35 patients were included. Twelve (34%) had HCC and 23 (66%) cirrhosis with HCC. The etiologies of the cirrhosis and HCC cases were alcohol (12, 52%), HBV (3, 13%), HCV (1, 4.3%), cryptogenic (5, 21.7%), NASH (1, 4.3%), and coexistence of HBV and alcohol (1, 4.3%). In agreement with the Barcelona Clinic for Liver Cancer criteria 5 patients received liver transplantation (14.3%), 3 (8.6%) surgical resection, 8 (22.9%) TACE and 19 (54.2%) palliative care. Twenty nine (83%) of the patients died. Conclusions. The majority of patients only received palliative therapy due to the late diagnosis which is related with a poor survival in this series, thats why is important to search for health policies that permit a close follow up and screening for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease. AFP levels are related with the survival of the patients independent of the treatment received.