RESUMO
The epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in rural Mexico is largely unknown. The seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in 439 pregnant women from 9 communities in rural Durango State, Mexico was investigated. Using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays, sera were tested for T. gondii IgG, IgM, and avidity antibodies. Prevalences of T. gondii IgG antibodies in the communities varied from 0% to 20%. Overall, 36 (8.2%) of the 439 women had IgG T. gondii antibodies. Ten (2.3%) women had also T. gondii IgM antibodies; IgG avidity was high in all IgM-positive women, suggesting chronic infection. None of the women, however, had delivered a known T. gondii-infected child. The seroprevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in women from low socio-economic conditions (14%) than in those with higher socio-economic status (6.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii infection was associated with soil floors at home (adjusted OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.12-7.49). This is the first epidemiological study of T. gondii infection in pregnant women in rural Mexico.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Feminino , Pisos e Cobertura de Pisos , Habitação , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in inhabitants of traditional indigenous communities from Durango, Mexico, a transversal descriptive study was conducted. Tepehuano, Huichol and Mexicanero tribe members without racial admixture and a minimal Western influence on lifestyle were studied. One hundred and ninety-three subjects were included, this figure corresponding to approximately 20% of subjects aged from 30 to 64 years of the target population. Glycemia was determined in capillary blood after an overnight fast of 10-12 h, and 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose load using a Glucometer II device; NIDDM diagnosis was established according to the WHO criteria. Personal risk factors of NIDDM were determined. The average glucose level was 87.5 +/- 19.3 mg/dl. There were no NIDDM cases, hence the prevalence was 0.0%. The personal risk factors profile for NIDDM were as follows: 0.0% of cases with family history of NIDDM and with residency in urban areas > 40% of their lifetime, 7.2% of obese subjects and 15.5% of subjects with alcohol intake > or = 8 g/day. The absence of NIDDM suggests that this disease may be rare in traditional indigenous communities of Mexico and may be associated with less exposure to risk factors or genetic differences.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Adulto , Idoso , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Glicemia/análise , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , População RuralRESUMO
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in rural inhabitants of Durango, Mexico, and some of the risk factors for the disease. A random samples of 30,996 individuals aged 30 years and over was selected from 627 rural communities in Durango. These persons were interviewed between November 1993 and December 1994 to obtain information on several sociodemographic variables. A capillary blood sample was collected from each individual to determine his or her glucose level after 10-12 hours of fasting. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated, and percentage distributions for the study variables were determined. Comparisons among proportions were made utilizing the chi-square test, and means were compared using Student's t test. The strength of associations was estimated with odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were calculated for proportions. The final sample consisted of 31,028 persons, of whom 22,890 (73.8%) were women and 8,138 (26.2%) were men. A total of 1,004 cases of NIDDM were detected (3.2%; CI 95%:3.0 to 3.4), 767 in women and 237 in men. Only 9.2% of the study population was obese. The highest frequency of NIDDM was documented in persons 60 to 69 years of age. Family history of NIDDM was identified in 59.5% of the persons with the disease (CI 95%: 58.9 to 60.0) and in 26.3% of the healthy persons (CI 95%: 25.8 to 26.8). The low prevalence of NIDDM found in this study may be related to the low level of obesity in the population surveyed.