RESUMO
Apparent resistant hypertension (aTRH) is a significant public health issue. Once low adherence to antihypertensive treatment has been ruled out and true resistant hypertension is diagnosed, aldosterone-direct-renin-ratio (ADRR) aids in the screening of an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Once PA and other secondary causes have been ruled out, the values of aldosterone and renin allow patients to be classified into phenotypes such as low renin hypertension (LRH), Liddle's-like (LLph), and primary hyperaldosteronism (PAph). These classifications could aid in the treatment decision-making process. However, optimal cut-off points for these classifications remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the prevalence of these phenotypes and the behavior of different cut-offs of the ADRR in an Afro-Colombian population with apparent resistant hypertension, as well to describe their sodium consumption. Afro-descendant individuals 18 years of age or older, diagnosed with resistant hypertension and attending to a primary care center in Colombia were recruited as volunteers. As part of the study, their plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured. The phenotypes were categorized into three groups based on multiple cut-off points from different authors: low renin and low aldosterone phenotype (LLph), low renin and high aldosterone phenotype (PAph), and high renin and high aldosterone phenotype, referred to as the renal phenotype (Rph). The prevalence of ADRR values exceeding the cut-off and phenotypes were calculated. A linear regression model was derived to assess the effect of sodium consumption with PAC, PRC and ADRR. A total of 88 patients with aTRH were included. Adherence to at least 3 antihypertensive medications was 62.5%. The median age was 56 years (IQR 48-60), 44% were female, and 20% had diabetes. The study found that the prevalence of ADRR values exceeding the cut-off ranged from 4.5 to 23%, while low-renin hypertension (LRH) varied from 15 to 74%, Rph was found in approximately 30 to 34% of patients, PAph in 30 to 51%, and the LLph in 15 to 41%, respectively, depending on the specific cut-off value by different authors. Notably, sodium consumption was associated with lower aldosterone (ß - 0.15, 95% CI [- 0.27, - 0.03]) and renin concentrations (ß - 0.75, 95% CI [- 1.5, - 0.02]), but ADRR showed no significant association with sodium consumption. There were no significant differences in prevalences between the groups taking < 3 vs ≥ 3 antihypertensive medications. Altered aldosterone-direct-renin-ratio, low renin hypertension, Liddle's-like, and primary hyperaldosteronism are prevalent phenotypes in patients within Afro-Colombian patients with apparent treatment-Resistant hypertension.
Assuntos
Aldosterona , Anti-Hipertensivos , Hipertensão , Fenótipo , Renina , Humanos , Renina/sangue , Aldosterona/sangue , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/sangue , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Adulto , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hiperaldosteronismo/sangue , Hiperaldosteronismo/diagnóstico , Hiperaldosteronismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperaldosteronismo/epidemiologia , População Negra , Idoso , Resistência a MedicamentosRESUMO
La enfermedad de Darier White es una enfermedad autosómica dominante, de penetrancia completa con expresividad variable que afecta al cromosoma 12q23-24.1. Se caracteriza por manifestaciones dermatológicas como: placas o pápulas no foliculares en zonas seborreicas, que tienen un olor característico. La presente investigación busca presentar reportes de casos de dos pacientes, en un Hospital Universitario en Bogotá-Colombia y la relación que existe con enfermedades psiquiátricas, tales como: trastorno afectivo bipolar y retraso mental. Se realizó una historia clínica y examen físico completo. Posteriormente, se firmó un consentimiento informado para toma de fotos y uso de las mismas, con fines educativos. Con estos elementos, se buscó información en las bases de datos más requeridas hoy en día, como: Pubmed, Science Direct, Embase y Scielo utilizando búsquedas con palabras claves, relacionando enfermedad de Darier White y enfermedades psiquiátricas en general. Consecutivamente, se buscó información de trastorno afectivo bipolar y retraso mental. En definitiva se enfocó cada uno de los casos descritos, como enfermedad de Darier con la asociación clínica de enfermedades psiquiátricas, en relación con el trastorno afectivo bipolar y retraso mental, con los que esta enfermedad muestra una relación estrecha.
Darier White or dyskeratosis follicularis disease is a genetic disorder of autosomal dominant trait, affecting chromosome 12q23-24.1. It starts at first or second decade of life, it is characterized by cutaneous manifestations due to several hyperkeratotic papules that affect seborrheic areas such as head, neck and thorax. This article seeks to present reports of cases of two patients in a Hospital in Bogotá-Colombia and their relationship with psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar affective disorder and mental retardation. A complete clinical history was made, the patients were examined, and informed consent was signed for taking pictures and using them for educational purposes. With this information, we proceeded to look for bibliography in the most recognized databases such as: Pubmed, Science Direct, Embase using advanced searches with key words, related words like Darier White disease and its relationship with psychiatric illnesses in general. Finally, each of the cases described as Darier's disease was approached with the clinical association of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar affective disorder and mental retardation, with which this disease shows a close relationship in relation to the percentages of presentation.
RESUMO
This paper presents original results on the Sb and heavy metals contents in sediments and waste tailings, plants and water from the giant Wadley antimony mine district (San Luis Potosí State, Mexico). The dominant antimony phases in mining wastes are stibiconite, montroydite and minor hermimorphite. The waste tailings contain high concentrations of metals and metalloids (antimony, iron, zinc, arsenic, copper, and mercury). Manganese, copper, zinc, and antimony contents exceed the quality guidelines values for groundwater, plants and for waste tailings. Results indicate that peak accumulation is seasonal due to the concentration by high metabolism plants as Solanaceae Nicotiana. The metal phytoavailability in waste tailings is highly dependant on the metal speciation, its capability to be transported in water and, more particularly, the plant metabolism efficiency.
Assuntos
Antimônio/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Metaloides/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Antimônio/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Água Subterrânea/análise , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Metaloides/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , México , Mineração , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Serious soft tissue lesions in patients with high energy trauma are usually underdiagnosed. They are considered as true surgical emergencies that, without an early diagnosis and treatment, lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. We report herein the case of a patient who sustained a high energy lesion and developed compartmental syndrome of the thigh associated with a Morel-Lavallée lesion, including the therapeutic approach used and the results obtained.
Assuntos
Síndromes Compartimentais/etiologia , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles/complicações , Coxa da Perna/lesões , Adulto , Síndromes Compartimentais/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Coxa da Perna/cirurgiaRESUMO
This study demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of plants employed in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are able to modify the tone of arterial smooth muscle. Agastache mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling (Labiatae), Chenopodium murale L. (Chenopodiaceae), Chirantodendron pentadactylon Larreat (Sterculiaceae), Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Labiatae), Psittacanthus calyculatus G. Don (Loranthaceae), Prunus serotina ssp. capuli (Cav. ex Spreng) McVaugh (Rosaceae), and Sechium edule Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) contain secondary metabolites that promote vascular relaxation and display antioxidant activities. As expected, their antioxidant effects showed a significant correlation with the polyphenolics content. However, a lower correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and the maximum vasodilatory effect, suggesting that the vasodilatation elicited by the plant extracts could be only partly attributed to their antioxidant properties. The extract of P. calyculatus, which displayed a maximum vasorelaxant effect that was higher than that of acetylcholine, induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Futhermore, the vasorelaxant response to the P. calyculatus extract was reduced after adding an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase activity, providing evidence that the NO/cGMP pathway is involved. On the other hand, the extracts of Bocconia frutescens L. (Papaveraceae), Magnolia grandiflora L. (Magnoliaceae), and Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae) induced concentration-dependent contraction of rat aortic rings, suggesting that these plants have potential health benefits for the treatment of ailments such as venous insufficiency. The pharmacological activities of the extracts studied provide scientific support for their ethnomedical use.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Flavonoides/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , México , Fenóis/análise , Picratos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of prostatic symptomatology, premature ejaculation (PE), erectile function, symptoms in the older adult/andropause assessment and to determine the risk factors involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted by the Mexican Society of Urology and was carried out from June to October 2006. Epidemiological information was obtained through the completion of four validated questionnaires by patients receiving non-institutional urology treatment. The large database was statistically analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 1,779 men with an average age of 56.6 years were included in the study. The average prostate-specific antigen value in the sample was 1.73 (n = 1,316). Prostatic symptomatology in accordance with the international prostate symptom score was 7.96 points. A total of 41.9% of participants reported experiencing PE. The average time to reach ejaculation was 10.97 min. Of the participating individuals, 39.5% were diagnosed with andropause. Prostatic symptomatology was associated with risk factors of age and prostatitis, P < 0.01. Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction were associated with age, P < 0.01. Vasomotor problems in the older adult were identified with an association tendency towards alcoholism and excess weight, P < 0.063, but without statistical significance. Sexual problems in the older adult were associated with diabetes mellitus, P < 0.01. Andropause was associated with traumatic problems in general.
Assuntos
Andropausa , Ejaculação/fisiologia , Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Doenças Prostáticas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad el estudio de los patrones normales de los Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tallo Cerebral (PEATC) en recién nacidos hospitalizados en el Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Recién Nacidos del Hospital Central de San Cristóbal, en número de 30, en el período comprendido entre los meses de mayo a octubre del año 2007. El objetivo general es el de valorar la conducción nerviosa en la vía auditiva del tallo cerebral en recién nacidos sanos. Además del estudio de la respuesta auditiva tronco encefálica en los recién nacidos a término sanos, para tener como marco de referencia estos valores en el Hospital Central de San Cristóbal, el establecer los valores de normalidad para la latencia de las Ondas I, III, V de los PEATC en recién nacidos sanos y estimar la utilidad de los PEATC como técnica de investigación auditiva en el período neonatal, para diseñar a futuro un protocolo que determine precozmente la hipoacusia. Es una investigación prospectiva, transversal, analítica, no experimental, observacional. Los parámetros de estimulación son: tipo: Click; Duración: 100 ms; Ratio: 19/seg; Polaridad: alternante; Intensidad: 90 dB nHL; Auriculares: Beyerdynamic DT48. Los parámetros de registro son: Electrodos: Cz Fz M1 M2, Filtro de paso alto: 160 Hz; Filtro de paso bajo: 3.2 kHz; Sensibilidad: 50 mV; n° de promediaciones: 2000. Los resultados se presentan en valores de medias en milisegundos y desviaciones típicas para latencias de la onda I, III y V del total de sujetos estudiados n=30 para oído izquierdo a 80 dB y n=80 para oído derecho. Se incluyen los valores de ± 2,5 desviaciones típicas a 80 dB. También se presentaron las diferencias interaurales entre ambos oídos registradas en este estudio y una comparación de los valores PEATC de este estudio con los valores normales en pediatría. En conclusión se consiguieron una serie de patrones locales de los PEATC que sirven como guía para los futuros estudios.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/prevenção & controle , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos/fisiologia , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Orelha/lesões , Pediatria , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
In the xenodiagnosis (XD) of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma cruzi in the triatomine bugs fed on the patient can now be detected using PCR (XD-PCR) as well as by microscopy (XD-M). In a study to compare XD-PCR with XD-M, triatomine bugs were fed on 50 cases of chronic American trypanosomiasis, of whom only 25 were ever found positive by XD-M. Overall, the bugs fed on 34 of the patients (all 25 cases found positive by XD-M and nine of the other patients) were found PCR-positive, giving a 330-bp fragment corresponding to part of the hyper variable region of the kinetoplast DNA of T. cruzi. Of the 25 patients who were ever found positive by XD-M, 20 gave bugs that were smear-positive on day 90 and a similar number (24; P=0.125) gave bugs that were PCR-positive at this time. On day 30, however, the bugs fed on only 11 of these 25 patients were found positive by microscopy, whereas 23 of these patients were found positive by XD-PCR (P=0.0016). Thus, not only was XD-PCR more sensitive than XD-M but it was also quicker, revealing more cases within 30 days than detected using XD-M over a period of 90 days.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Triatoma/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Xenodiagnóstico/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Chile , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Trypanosoma cruzi/genéticaRESUMO
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays for two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human beta-defensin 1 gene have been validated with real-time PCR in 101 healthy individuals from western Mexico. Allele frequencies were 52.5% (692-A) and 98.5% (1836-A). These assays can be confidently used as a cheaper alternative genotyping method for these sites.
Assuntos
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , beta-Defensinas/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
The pentanucleotide STR (TAAAA)n DXYS156 offers advantages for genetic identity testing. In addition to establish the gender, DXYS156 expands the DNA profile and is able to indicate the possible geographic origin of the individual. We analyzed DXYS156 in 757 individuals of both sexes from Mexican populations. We studied the cosmopolitan Mestizo population and six Mexican ethnic groups: Tarahumaras, Purépechas, Nahuas, Mayas, Huicholes and Mezcala Indians. The six shorter (4-10) and the three larger alleles (11-13) were specific for the X and Y-chromosomes, respectively. A random distribution of alleles into genotypes was observed in males and females from each population. We estimated the power of exclusion for paternity testing according to the son's gender, and the power of discrimination in forensic casework. In addition, we detected a relatively high frequency of an X-linked allele null, principally in Mexican-Mestizos (3.6%), which must be considered when DXYS156 be applied for identification purposes.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos X , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem , Cromossomos Humanos Y , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Etnicidade/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The etiology of preeclampsia is still a matter of controversy. An association between hyperhomocysteinemia and preeclamptic patients has been described. A common missense mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentrations. In addition, the polymorphism of gene encoding for Factor V Leiden G1691A is associated with a prothrombotic state in heterozygous subjects. Both mutations in these thrombophilic proteins appear to have different prevalence in the general population and in patients with preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E). We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms for MTHFR C677T and coagulation Factor V Leiden in 33 Mexican patients with PE/E as a genetic risk factor for these diseases, comparing with a normotensive pregnant control group. The genotype and allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T and Factor V Leiden mutations between Mexican women with PE/E and healthy controls were not different. We conclude that these polymorphisms do not contribute in the etiology of PE/E as it has been reported in other populations.
Assuntos
Fator V/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , México , Epidemiologia Molecular , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, and -DRB1 genes were typed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) in 159 healthy volunteers from 32 families living in Guadalajara, Mexico. Three-locus genotype data from all family members were used to infer haplotypes in 54 unrelated individuals of the sample, from which estimate of segregating haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between loci were computed. Genotype distributions were concordant with Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) for all three loci, and allele distributions were similar to the ones observed in other Latin-American populations. Of the 56 distinct three-site (DQB1-DQA1-DRB1) haplotypes observed in the sample, the five most common (i.e., with frequencies of five counts or more) were: *0302-*0301-*04, *0201-*0201-*07, *0301-*0501-*14, *0402-*0401-*08, and *0501-*0101-*01. These common three-locus haplotypes also contributed to the majority of the significant two-locus linkage disequilibria of these three sites.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , População Branca , Cadeias alfa de HLA-DQ , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , México , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, associated with the thermolabile form of the enzyme, has reportedly been found to be increased in neural-tube defects (NTD), though this association is still unclear. A group of 107 mestizo parents of NTD children and five control populations: 101 mestizo (M), 50 Huichol (H), 38 Tarahumara (T), 21 Purepecha (P) and 20 Caucasian (C) individuals were typed for the MTHFR C677T variant by the PCR/RFLP (HinfI) method. Genotype frequencies were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in all six populations. Allele frequency (%) of the C677T variant was 45 in NTD, 44 in M, 56 in H, 36 in T, 57 in P, 35 in C. Pairwise inter-population comparisons of allele frequency disclosed a very similar distribution between NTD and M groups (exact test, P=0.92). Among controls, differences between M and individual native groups were NS (0.06Assuntos
Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética
, Defeitos do Tubo Neural/enzimologia
, Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH/genética
, Polimorfismo Genético
, DNA/análise
, Análise Mutacional de DNA
, Feminino
, Genótipo
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)
, México/epidemiologia
, Defeitos do Tubo Neural/etnologia
, Defeitos do Tubo Neural/genética
, Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH/sangue
, Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
, Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição
RESUMO
Only nine non-polymorphic constitutional pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 have been described. We report on a familial inv(9)(p24q13) associated with sterility in three brothers. The mother's chromosomes were normal in blood lymphocytes (n=130); the father was already deceased and his karyotype unknown. However, the presence of any of the maternal chromosomes 9 (as assessed by C-banding) in her carrier children is inconsistent with the assumption of maternal mosaicism. Two single sisters were also carriers. The same rearranged chromosome 9 in the three sterile brothers can hardly be regarded as a fortuitous association, especially when the breakpoints are almost identical to those of the sole inversion previously found in an azoospermic male. If their father was a carrier, the observed sterility may be the result of 'chromosome anticipation', a phenomenon already invoked for certain familial chromosomal rearrangements.
Assuntos
Inversão Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 9 , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Adulto , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Genitália Masculina/anormalidades , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/sangue , Infertilidade Masculina/patologia , Masculino , Núcleo Familiar , Oligospermia/genética , LinhagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Low blood Se levels have been previously shown in normal pregnancies (third trimester) and significantly lower levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), in Finland and in Chile, suggesting that a low or marginal dietary availability of Se may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a temporal change in plasma concentration of Se, and seasonal fluctuations in plasma concentrations of Se, Zn and Cu, could coincide with changes in the prevalence of ICP. METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort study was done including 21 ICP patients, 98 women in the third trimester of a normal pregnancy, 29 non-pregnant women, and also 13 individuals (seven non-pregnant women and six men) who had been studied 9 years before. Plasma Se, Zn and Cu were measured by atomic spectroscopy. Plasma Se levels in the present study were compared to the results obtained 5 to 7 years before, employing identical methodology in similar population samples. RESULTS: Plasma Se concentrations in non-pregnant women were higher than in the previous study: 1.43+/-0.34 micromol/l vs 0.85+/-0.13; p<0.001. In comparison to non-pregnant women, normal pregnancies near term had lower plasma levels of Se: 1.08+/-0.25 micromol/l; p<0.01, and Zn: 17.90+/-3.61 micromol/l vs 19.71+/-3.21; p<0.05, but higher plasma levels of Cu: 34.35+/-7.12 micromol/l vs 20.62+/-3.34; p<0.01. In normal pregnancies, plasma Se concentration was significantly higher in summer (1.34+/-0.19 micromol/l) than in the other seasons, while Zn and Cu diminished. Similar to previous studies, ICP patients had significantly lower Se plasma levels than normal pregnancies: 0.94+/-0.12 micromol/l, p<0.05, and Cu levels were significantly higher: 50.80+/-7.02 micromol/l, p<0.01. Cu plasma levels correlated with the biochemical severity of the disease. Zn did not change in ICP. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the decrease in the prevalence of ICP in Chile during the last decade coincides with an increase in plasma Se levels. Its lower incidence during summer coincides with a higher plasma Se concentration in summer than in other seasons, as observed in normal pregnancies.
Assuntos
Colestase Intra-Hepática/sangue , Cobre/sangue , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Selênio/sangue , Zinco/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Allele distributions of two polymorphisms with variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), D1S80 and APOB, and four polymorphisms with short tandem repeats (STR), VWA, TH01, CSF1PO, and HPRTB, were analyzed in three Mexican ethnic groups: Huichol, Purepecha, and Tarahumara. Genotype distribution was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations for each locus and ethnic group. Heterozygosity (H), power of discrimination, and probability of exclusion were estimated. The three groups presented some distinctive genetic features: (1) a diminished genetic diversity (H = 66.8% to 73.4%) and mean number of alleles by locus (5.8 to 6.3) in comparison with Mexican mestizos (H = 78.3%, 10.5 alleles/locus), and (2) uneven allele distributions as evidenced by "distinctive alleles" with high frequencies, especially in the Tarahumara and the Huichol. Genetic relatedness analysis included data from a previously typed mestizo population, the largest and most widely distributed population in Mexico. Allele distribution differentiation was observed among all four groups, except between mestizo and Purepecha (p > 0.05), which was interpreted as indicating a larger Spanish component in the Purepecha as a result of gene flow effects. Although intrapopulation inbreeding (FIS) was not significant, heterozygote deficiency in the total population (FIT) and divergence among populations (FST) were significant (p < 0.05). Genetic distances displayed a closer relationship among mestizos, Purepechas, and Huichols in relation to Tarahumaras. Correlation between the observed genetic features and the geographic isolation level points to genetic drift as the main cause of differentiation among these Mexican populations.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Repetições Minissatélites , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem , Consanguinidade , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Indígenas Centro-Americanos/genética , MéxicoRESUMO
The haplotypes of 97 beta(A) independent chromosomes from a Mexican Huichol Native American group were analyzed. The analysis also included 87 beta(A) chromosomes from a Mexican Mestizo population previously studied. Among Huichols, eight different 5' beta haplotypes (5Hps) were observed, with types 1(+ - - - -), 13(+ + + - +) and 2(- + + - +) at frequencies of 0.794, 0.093, and 0.041, respectively. In Mestizos, 17 5Hps were found, types 1, 3(- + - + +), 2, 5(- + - - +) and 9(- - - - -) being the most common at frequencies of 0.391, 0.172, 0.092, 0.069, and 0.046, respectively. 3' haplotype (3Hps) frequency distributions were 0.443(+ +), 0.083(+ -), and 0.474(- +) in Huichols and 0.563(+ +), 0.149(+ -), and 0.287(- +) in Mestizos. Pairwise comparison for both haplotype distributions between the two populations showed significant differences. Pairwise distributions of 3Hps for Huichols were compared with nine worldwide populations, three African, two Asian, two Melanesian, one Caucasian, and one United States Native American. The distributions of the Huichol were different (P < 0.05) from all populations except the Native American. Nei's genetic distances showed the Huichols to be closer to the Native Americans, followed by Melanesians from Vanuatu and Asians; Africans were the farthest. The 5Hp distributions in Mexicans were also compared with 23 worldwide populations (including African, Native American, Asian, Caucasian, and Pacific Islanders). Huichol distributions were different (P < 0.05) from all other populations except Koreans. The Mestizo distribution was also different from the others, except three Caucasian groups. Nei's genetic distance between the same populations disclosed that the Huichols are in relatively close proximity to five out of six Asian populations considered. The same analysis with grouped worldwide populations showed Native Americans as population closest to the Huichols, followed by Pacific Islanders and Asians. Present observations are consistent with an important Asian contribution to the Huichol genome in this chromosomal region. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:201-206, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RESUMO
Toxoplasmosis, a world-wide zoonotic infection, is generally asymptomatic and benign in immunocompetent individuals, but it can be serious in immunodeficiencies particularly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in children infected in utero. So, it is important to dispose methods which permit discriminate between recent and chronic infections. In order to contribute to improve the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis ELISA IgG, IgM, IgA and ELISA IgG avidity were performed in 15 and 24 sera from patients suspected of having acute and chronic infection respectively, according dye test (DT) titres. ELISA IgG was positive in both groups, ELISA IgM was positive in 78.6 and 58.3% respectively, while ELISA IgA was positive in 85.7 and 33.3% of recent and chronic group respectively. In those sera with low IgG avidity (18.8%) we found specific IgM in 71.5 and 4.2% and IgA in 78.6 and 0.0% of recent and chronic groups respectively. Parallelling, 208 sera samples were classified according to the results of DT, indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests in the following groups: acute (97), intermediate (36), chronic (35) and negative (40). The results were: acute (96.9-64.9-55.6 and 65.9%); intermediate (97.2-63.8-44.4 and 47.2%); chronic (45.7-42.8-5.7 and 34.3%) for IgG, IgM, IgA and low IgG avidity respectively. The use of both acute markers, IgA and low IgG avidity in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is discussed.