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The entero-mammary pathway is a specialized route that selectively translocates bacteria to the newborn's gut, playing a crucial role in neonatal development. Previous studies report shared bacterial and archaeal taxa between human milk and neonatal intestine. However, the functional implications for neonatal development are not fully understood due to limited evidence. This study aimed to identify and characterize the microbiota and metabolome of human milk, mother, and infant stool samples using high-throughput DNA sequencing and FT-ICR MS methodology at delivery and 4 months post-partum. Twenty-one mothers and twenty-five infants were included in this study. Our results on bacterial composition suggest vertical transmission of bacteria through breastfeeding, with major changes occurring during the first 4 months of life. Metabolite chemical characterization sheds light on the growing complexity of the metabolites. Further data integration and network analysis disclosed the interactions between different bacteria and metabolites in the biological system as well as possible unknown pathways. Our findings suggest a shared bacteriome in breastfed mother-neonate pairs, influenced by maternal lifestyle and delivery conditions, serving as probiotic agents in infants for their healthy development. Also, the presence of food biomarkers in infants suggests their origin from breast milk, implying selective vertical transmission of these features.

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Resumen El sentido del gusto tiene un papel importante porque ha permitido discriminar entre lo que puede ser alimento y lo que no, e incluso en lo que puede ser tóxico o peligroso al ingerirlo. La búsqueda de nuevos sabores está presente en toda la historia de la humanidad. Desde la antigüedad, las especias aportaron nuevas experiencias gustativas para hacer más palatables los alimentos o incluso para conservarlos durante más tiempo. La búsqueda de especias fue una motivación para realizar viajes que llevaron a descubrimiento de nuevas tierras y continentes. Más recientemente, la pandemia por un virus que altera los sentidos del olfato y del gusto, nos ha hecho recordar la importancia de estos sentidos. El sentido del gusto está determinado por unas pequeñas estructuras que se ubican en las papilas linguales. Hay cuatro tipos que definen cinco sabores y uno que aún está en duda. Las alteraciones de este sentido tienen varios posibles orígenes que se comentan en esta revisión.

Abstract Taste is relevant because it has allowed us to discriminate between what is food and what is not, and even what can be toxic or dangerous when ingested. The search for new flavors is present in history of mankind. Since ancient times, the spices provided new taste experiences to make meals more palatable or as a means of preserving food; the search for spices was a motivation to make voyages that led to the discovery of new lands and continents. More recently, a viral pandemic that damages the olfaction and taste senses made us to remember the relevance of the senses. Small structures, called taste buds, located in the papillae of the tongue are responsible of the sense of taste. There are four types of taste buds that identify five tastes and one whose existence has not yet been fully proven. Taste alterations have different etiologies which will be commented on this review.

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Bats are one of the groups of mammals with the highest number of associated Trypanosoma taxa. There are 50 Trypanosoma species and genotypes infecting more than 75 species of bats across five continents. However, in Mexico, the inventory of species of the genus Trypanosoma associated with bats is limited to only two species (Trypanosoma vespertilionis and Trypanosoma cruzi) even though 140 species of bats inhabit this country. Specifically, 91 bat species have been recorded in the state of Veracruz, but records of trypanosomatids associated with this mammalian group are absent. Due to the complex Trypanosoma-bat relationship, the high diversity of bat species in Veracruz, as well as the lack of records of trypanosomatids associated with bats for this state, the aim of this work was to analyze the diversity of species of the genus Trypanosoma and their presence from a bat community in the central area of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. During the period of January to August 2022 in the Tequecholapa Environmental Management Unit where bats were collected using mist nets and blood samples were obtained from their thumbs. We extracted genetic material and amplified a fragment of 800 bp of the 18S ribosomal gene of the genus Trypanosoma by conventional PCR. The positive amplicons were sequenced, and phylogenetic reconstruction was performed to identify the parasite species. A total of 285 bats (149♀, 136♂) belonging to 13 species from 10 genera and a single family (Phyllostomidae) were collected. Twenty-three specimens from six species tested positive for the presence of Trypanosoma dionisii, Trypanosoma sp. Neobat 4, and a potential novelty species provisionally named as Trypanosoma sp. Neobat 6. The results of the present work increase the number of species of the genus Trypanosoma infecting bats in Mexico and in the Neotropical region.

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The world has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, causing people to remain isolated and decreasing the interaction between people. Accordingly, various measures have been taken to continue with a new normal way of life, which is why there is a need to implement the use of technologies and systems to decrease the spread of the virus. This research proposes a real-time system to identify the region of the face using preprocessing techniques and then classify the people who are using the mask, through a new convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The approach considers three different classes, assigning a different color to identify the corresponding class: green for persons using the mask correctly, yellow when used incorrectly, and red when people do not have a mask. This study validates that CNN models can be very effective in carrying out these types of tasks, identifying faces, and classifying them according to the class. The real-time system is developed using a Raspberry Pi 4, which can be used for the monitoring and alarm of humans who do not use the mask. This study mainly benefits society by decreasing the spread of the virus between people. The proposed model achieves 99.69% accuracy with the MaskedFace-Net dataset, which is very good when compared to other works in the current literature.

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BACKGROUND: Persons submitted to bariatric metabolic surgery present micronutrient deficiency before and after surgery, due to the lack of proper supplementation. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in people before and after bariatric metabolic surgery in Latin America. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA Guidelines. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies and 2135 participants were included. The highest prevalence of deficiency before surgery was reported for vitamin D (74%), zinc (71%), and hemoglobin (62%); after surgery, they were vitamin A (90.6%), vitamin D (90%), and zinc (68%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiency before and after bariatric metabolic surgery from Latin American persons; the micronutrients with the highest deficiency prevalence were vitamin D before and vitamin A after bariatric metabolic surgery.

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In this paper, the latest global COVID-19 pandemic prediction is addressed. Each country worldwide has faced this pandemic differently, reflected in its statistical number of confirmed and death cases. Predicting the number of confirmed and death cases could allow us to know the future number of cases and provide each country with the necessary information to make decisions based on the predictions. Recent works are focused only on confirmed COVID-19 cases or a specific country. In this work, the firefly algorithm designs an ensemble neural network architecture for each one of 26 countries. In this work, we propose the firefly algorithm for ensemble neural network optimization applied to COVID-19 time series prediction with type-2 fuzzy logic in a weighted average integration method. The proposed method finds the number of artificial neural networks needed to form an ensemble neural network and their architecture using a type-2 fuzzy inference system to combine the responses of individual artificial neural networks to perform a final prediction. The advantages of the type-2 fuzzy weighted average integration (FWA) method over the conventional average method and type-1 fuzzy weighted average integration are shown.

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We describe in this paper an approach for predicting the COVID-19 time series in the world using a hybrid ensemble modular neural network, which combines nonlinear autoregressive neural networks. At the level of the modular neural network, which is formed with several modules (ensembles in this case), the modules are designed to be efficient predictors for each country. In this case, an integrator is used to combine the outputs of the modules, in this way achieving the goal of predicting a set of countries. At the level of the ensembles, forming a part of the modular network, these are constituted by a set of modules, which are nonlinear autoregressive neural networks that are designed to be efficient predictors under particular conditions for each country. In each ensemble, the results of the modules are combined with an aggregator to achieve a better and improved result for the ensemble. Publicly available datasets of coronavirus cases around the globe from the last months have been used in the analysis. Interesting conclusions have been obtained that could be helpful in deciding the best strategies in dealing with this virus for countries in their fight against the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, the proposed approach could be helpful in proposing strategies for similar countries.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the population older than 45 years in rural Western Honduras and contribute to the limited literature on MS in Central America. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the District of Copan. The study includes 382 men and women aged 45 to 75 years. With proper consent, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, blood sugar, and lipid profile were evaluated. MS was diagnosed by using the National Cholesterol Education Program Criteria - Adult Panel Treatment III (NCEP-ATP III). Data were stored in REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) and analyzed with STATA14. Results: Data were collected on 382 patients; of these, 38% were male and 62% female. The prevalence of obesity was 24.1% for both sexes. The prevalence of MS was 64.9%. Prevalence in males and females was 54% and 71%, respectively. Notable parameters were elevated triglycerides (71%), low High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (63.4%), and abdominal obesity (56.8%). In men, the distribution of MS was more homogeneous, with a mean result of 80% amongst all ages. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of obesity and MS is severely underestimated in rural Honduras. The most remarkable parameter for MS was high triglycerides (71%). Sixty-nine percent of the population has above-normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Public health efforts to control comorbidities and tackle risk factors in this population should take utmost priority.

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OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present article was to test a self-care model explained by the relationship between self-efficacy, body image, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression in people with bariatric surgery in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. METHOD: this was a correlational cross-sectional study carried out between August and December 2020. Validated instruments were administered to 102 participants to measure their self-care capacity, general self-efficacy, psychopathological symptoms, and body image perception and satisfaction. The variables of interest were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to develop a model using path analysis. RESULT: a significant model was obtained with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (chi-square χ2 (8) = 11.451, p = .177; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)= 0.000; goodness-of-fit index (GFI)= 0.965; comparative fit index (CFI)= 0.985; parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI)= 0.509, and Akaike information criterion (AIC)= 37.451). Self-efficacy (Zß=0.294) and body image dissatisfaction (So= -0.376) were shown to influence self-care abilities while psychopathological symptoms influenced body dissatisfaction: obsessive-compulsive disorder (Zß=0.370) and depression (Zß=0.320). CONCLUSION: adequate levels of self-efficacy and body satisfaction predict a high capacity for self-care.

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Obesity and dyslipidemias are both signs of metabolic syndrome, usually associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we tried to identify cardiac electrical alteration and biomarkers in nonobese rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and these findings might lead to more lethal arrhythmias than obese animals. The MetS model was developed in Wistar rats with high-sucrose diet (20%), and after twenty-eight weeks were obtained two subgroups: obese (OMetS) and nonobese (NOMetS). The electrocardiogram was used to measure the ventricular arrhythmias and changes in the heart rate variability. Also, we measured ventricular hypertrophy and its relationship with electrical activity alterations of both ventricles, using micro-electrode and voltage clamp techniques. Also, we observed alterations in the contraction force of ventricles where a transducer was used to record mechanical and electrical papillary muscle, simultaneously. Despite both subgroups presenting long QT syndrome (0.66 ± 0.05 and 0.66 ± 0.07 ms with respect to the control 0.55 ± 0.1 ms), the changes in the heart rate variability were present only in OMetS, while the NOMetS subgroup presented changes in QT interval variability (NOMetS SD = 1.8, SD2 = 2.8; SD1/SD2 = 0.75). Also, the NOMetS revealed tachycardia (10%; p < 0.05) with changes in action potential duration (63% in the right papillary and 50% in the left papillary) in the ventricular papillary which are correlated with certain alterations in the potassium currents and the force of contraction. The OMetS showed an increase in action potential duration and the force of contraction in both ventricles, which are explained as bradycardia. Our results revealed lethal arrhythmias in both MetS subgroups, irrespectively of the presence of obesity. Consequently, the NOMetS showed mechanical-electrical alterations regarding ventricle hypertrophy that should be at the NOMetS, leading to an increase of CV mortality.

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Abstract Objective: The CoVIDA project is a public-private collaboration led by Universidad de los Andes that contributed to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance in Bogotá and nearby municipalities. We aimed to describe the development and performance of the Drive/Walk-through free RT- PCR for SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy implemented by CoVIDA. Material and method: We performed a descriptive analysis of the characteristics and performance of the CoVIDA Drive/Walk-through testing centers. The model and the process indicators to assess the model's performance were based on international experiences and scientific literature. Two screening centers were imple mented in shopping centers in the north and south of Bogotá. We reported the number of tests taken, the number of positive tests, and the number of participants that used the model by the type of occupations. Results: In total, 36,689 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed with a 5.75% cumulative positivity. Process indicators showed an excellent performance and an important contribution in reducing barriers to access to testing. Conclusions: the CoVIDA Drive/Walk-through testing centers supported the epidemiological surveillance in asymptomatic or mild-symptomatic population in Bo gotá. Low and middle-income countries can use this model as a cost-effective and innovative solution strategy to intensify testing and help mitigate the pandemic.

Resumen Objetivo: El proyecto CoVIDA es una colaboración público-privada liderada por la Universidad de los Andes que contribuyó a la vigilancia epidemiológica del SARS-CoV-2 en Bogotá y municipios cercanos. Nuestro objetivo fue describir el desarrollo y rendimiento de la estrategia de tamizaje gratuito con RT-PCR mediante un modelo Drive/Walk through para SARS-CoV-2 implementado por CoVIDA. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos un análisis descriptivo de las características y desempeño de los centros de tamizaje Drive/Walk through de CoVIDA. El modelo y los indicadores de proceso para evaluar el desempeño del modelo se basaron en experiencias internacionales y la literatura científica. Se implementaron dos cen tros de tamizaje en centros comerciales del norte y sur de Bogotá. Se reportó la cantidad de pruebas tomadas, pruebas positivas y de participantes que utilizaron el modelo de acuerdo con el tipo de ocupaciones. Resultados : En total, se realizaron 36,689 pruebas RT-PCR nasofaríngeas para SARS-CoV-2 con una positividad acumulada del 5,75%. Los indicadores de proceso mostraron un excelente desempeño y una contribución importante en la reducción de las barreras de acceso a las pruebas. Conclusiones: los centros de tamizaje con modelo Drive/Walk through de CoVIDA apoyaron la vigilancia epidemiológica en población asintomática o con síntomas leves en Bogotá. Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos pueden utilizar este modelo como una estrategia innovadora y rentable para aumentar la realización de las pruebas y ayudar a mitigar la pandemia.

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Genetics is responsible for 80% of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) predisposition. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to AGA risk and the metabolism of its first-line therapies. Genotypic and allelic frequencies have not been described in Mexican individuals; therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the genetic distribution of SNPs associated with AGA predisposition and drug metabolism. Using Real Time-PCR, we genotyped SNPs rs4827528 (AR), rs7680591 (FGF5), rs1042028, rs1042157, rs788068 and rs6839 (SULT1A1) and rs776746 (CYP3A5) in 125 (controls = 60, cases = 65) male volunteers from Northern and Western Mexico. The SULT1A1 SNPs rs1042028 (C/T) and rs788068 (T/A/C) resulted in a 100% distribution of the ancestral allele C and mutated allele A, respectively; rs1042028 diverges from the previously reported frequency, while the rs788068 ancestral allele was found to be more predominant than the reported frequency. Rs1042028, rs788068 and rs4827528, were not in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium; conversely, rs1042157 and rs6839, rs776746, and rs7680591 followed HW principles. A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was obtained for the rs1042157 allelic frequency between cases and controls in Western Mexico. We reported the genotypic and allelic frequencies of seven polymorphisms in Mexican individuals from Northern and Western Mexico.

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Resumo Objetivo: testar um modelo de autocuidado explicado pela relação entre autoeficácia, imagem corporal, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e depressão em pessoas com cirurgia bariátrica na cidade de Tijuana, no México. Método: estudo transversal correlacional realizado entre agosto e dezembro de 2020. Instrumentos validados foram aplicados a 102 participantes para medir sua capacidade de autocuidado, autoeficácia geral, sintomas psicopatológicos, e percepção e satisfação com a imagem corporal. As variáveis de interesse foram analisadas utilizando estatísticas descritivas e correlações de Pearson e Spearman para finalmente desenvolver um modelo utilizando a análise de caminho (path analysis). Resultados: foi obtido um modelo significativo com bons indicadores de bondade de ajuste (qui-quadrado χ 2 (8)= 11,451, p = 0,177; raiz quadrada da média do erro de aproximação (RMSEA)= 0,000; índice de bondade de ajuste (GFI)= 0,965; índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI)= 0,985; índice de ajuste normalizado parcimonioso (PNFI)= 0,509 e critério de informação de Akaike (AIC)= 37,451). A autoeficácia (Zβ= 0,294) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (Zβ= -0,376) demonstraram ter um efeito sobre as capacidades de autocuidado, enquanto os sintomas psicopatológicos influenciam a insatisfação corporal: transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (Zβ= 0,370) e depressão (Zβ= 0,320). Conclusão: níveis adequados de autoeficácia e satisfação corporal predizem uma alta capacidade de autocuidado.

Abstract Objective: the aim of the present article was to test a self-care model explained by the relationship between self-efficacy, body image, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression in people with bariatric surgery in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Method: this was a correlational cross-sectional study carried out between August and December 2020. Validated instruments were administered to 102 participants to measure their self-care capacity, general self-efficacy, psychopathological symptoms, and body image perception and satisfaction. The variables of interest were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to develop a model using path analysis. Result: a significant model was obtained with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (chi-square χ2 (8) = 11.451, p = .177; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)= 0.000; goodness-of-fit index (GFI)= 0.965; comparative fit index (CFI)= 0.985; parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI)= 0.509, and Akaike information criterion (AIC)= 37.451). Self-efficacy (Zβ=0.294) and body image dissatisfaction (So= -0.376) were shown to influence self-care abilities while psychopathological symptoms influenced body dissatisfaction: obsessive-compulsive disorder (Zβ=0.370) and depression (Zβ=0.320). Conclusion: adequate levels of self-efficacy and body satisfaction predict a high capacity for self-care.

Resumen Objetivo: probar un modelo de autocuidado explicado por la relación entre autoeficacia, imagen corporal, obsesión-compulsión y depresión en personas con cirugía bariátrica de la ciudad de Tijuana, B.C. Método: estudio transversal correlacional realizado entre agosto y diciembre de 2020. Se aplicaron instrumentos validados a 102 participantes para medir su capacidad de autocuidado, autoeficacia general, síntomas psicopatológicos, percepción y satisfacción de la imagen corporal. Las variables de interés fueron analizadas mediante estadística descriptiva y correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman para finalmente elaborar un modelo mediante análisis de ruta (Path Analysis). Resultados: se obtuvo un modelo significativo con buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste (chi-cuadrado χ 2 (8)= 11.451, p = .177; error de aproximación raíz-media-cuadrada (RMSEA)= 0.000; índice de bondad de ajuste (GFI)= 0.965; índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI)= 0.985; índice de ajuste normado parsimonioso (PNFI)= 0.509 y criterio de información de Akaike (AIC)= 37.451). Se demostró que la autoeficacia (Zβ= 0.294) y la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal (Zβ= -0.376) tienen un efecto sobre las capacidades de autocuidado mientras que los síntomas psicopatológicos influyen sobre la insatisfacción corporal: obsesión-compulsión (Zβ= 0.370) y depresión (Zβ= 0.320). Conclusión: los niveles adecuados de autoeficacia y satisfacción corporal predicen una alta capacidad de autocuidado.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among bariatric patients; this study aimed to determine whether a cognitive dissonance-based virtual program improved adherence to multivitamin use in bariatric patients from northern Mexico. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial of the supplementation strategy was conducted over three months. The participants were randomized to an intervention or waitlisted control group and received two psycho-educative and four cognitive dissonance virtual sessions. Multiple linear regression was used to determine standardized estimates of associations between the intervention and dependent variables. Two path analyses were evaluated considering baseline and post-test measurements. RESULTS: Intervention was associated with higher concentrations of Hb (ß=0.758, p<0.001), vitamin D (ß=0.577, p<0.001), iron (ß=0.523, p<0.001), folate (ß=0.494, p<0.01), calcium (ß=0.452, p<0.01), higher adherence (ß=0.467, p<0.001), and level of knowledge (ß=0.298, p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The dissonance-based intervention potentiated the level of supplementation adherence. A higher level of adherence was reflected in micronutrient concentrations, thus providing confirmation of intervention. Thus, support is found for a multidisciplinary clinical practice that enhances nutrition status after bariatric surgery for obesity.

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The use of exotic species for pest biocontrol has been a common pathway for introduction and dispersal of invasive species that may have undesired outcomes. Biocontrol agents are believed to be a less damaging alternative than pesticides, but some species may also prey on or parasitize native species or outcompete them for resources. The harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) is a well-known biocontrol agent originally from Asia that has established invasive populations in 59 countries around the globe. Harlequin ladybirds are generalist predators that in addition to pests prey on an array of different species including other coccinelids' eggs and larvae. In Mexico, native ladybirds that share ecological requirements with harlequin ladybirds are at risk of being outcompeted and predated upon. The aim of our study was to compare the foraging efficiency of harlequin ladybirds against three species of native coccinelids when preying on aphids. We investigated the foraging behaviour of ladybirds alone and in pairs with a conspecific, a native heterospecific or an exotic heterospecific. We found that the native Cycloneda sanguinea was the species that consumed the most aphids, while Hippodamia convergens was the fastest to find and consume each aphid. Harlequin ladybirds and H. convergens consumed the same number of aphids while P. vittigera consumed less. Conspecific competition was stronger than heterospecific competition. We discuss the suitability of using the exotic invasive harlequin ladybird for aphid biocontrol in comparison with native coccinelids.

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Este artículo analiza, desde la perspectiva del principio de justicia distributiva, los procesos de obtención de componentes anatómicos para trasplante. Se examinan, a partir de la revisión de la literatura, la consulta de fuentes de datos estadísticos y el recurso de narrativas fílmicas, documentales y ficcionales, algunos factores que inciden en la brecha existente entre la oferta y demanda, el fenómeno del turismo de trasplantes, la obtención forzada de componentes anatómicos y algunos de los mitos divulgados por medios de comunicación que impactan negativamente la donación de órganos, tanto a nivel global como en el contexto del Sistema de Salud en Colombia. Se examinan también las nociones de justicia distributiva (equidad y utilidad) que legitiman los criterios de obtención, distribución y asignación de órganos y tejidos, partir de la categorización de estos bio-objetos como bienes sociales

This chapter analyzes, from the perspective of the principle of distributive justice, the processes of obtaining anatomical components for transplantation. Based on the review of the literature, the consultation of sources of statistical data and the use of film narratives are examined, some factors that affect the gap between supply and demand, the phenomenon of transplant tourism, forced obtaining of anatomical components and some of the myths disclosed by the media that negatively impact organ donation, both globally and in the context of the Health System in Colombia. The notions of distributive justice (equity and utility) that legitimize the criteria for obtaining, distributing and assigning organs and tissues are also examined, based on the categorization of these bio-objects as social goods

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BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic surveillance of COVID-19 is essential to collect and analyse data to improve public health decision making during the pandemic. There are few initiatives led by public-private alliances in Colombia and Latin America. The CoVIDA project contributed with RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in mild or asymptomatic populations in Bogotá. The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in working adults. METHODS: COVID-19 intensified sentinel epidemiological surveillance study, from April 18, 2020, to March 29, 2021. The study included people aged 18 years or older without a history of COVID-19. Two main occupational groups were included: healthcare and essential services workers with high mobility in the city. Social, demographic, and health-related factors were collected via phone survey. Afterwards, the molecular test was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. FINDINGS: From the 58,638 participants included in the study, 3,310 (5·6%) had a positive result. A positive result was associated with the age group (18-29 years) compared with participants aged 60 or older, participants living with more than three cohabitants, living with a confirmed case, having no affiliation to the health system compared to those with social health security, reporting a very low socioeconomic status compared to those with higher socioeconomic status, and having essential occupations compared to healthcare workers. INTERPRETATION: The CoVIDA study showed the importance of intensified epidemiological surveillance to identify groups with increased risk of infection. These groups should be prioritised in the screening, contact tracing, and vaccination strategies to mitigate the pandemic. FUNDING: The CoVIDA study was funded through donors managed by the philanthropy department of Universidad de los Andes.

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Resumen Introducción: en una unidad de electrofisiología de un hospital de tercer nivel de Manizales, Caldas, se han atendido pacientes en la cuarta edad; sin embargo, existe poca claridad en la literatura sobre las conductas terapéuticas en este grupo etario. Presentamos nuestra experiencia de atención e intervención en pacientes mayores de 80 años entre el 20 de septiembre de 2017 y 7 de octubre de 2019. Métodos: estudio tipo cohorte longitudinal, se recogió información con base en revisión de historias clínicas. Se realizaron seguimientos telefónicos al tercer y sexto mes del procedimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 80 años intervenidos de cualquier procedimiento en la sala de electrofisiología. Se excluyeron los pacientes sin información sobre los datos de seguimiento. Resultados: se recogieron datos de 75 pacientes llevados a procedimiento. El 62.7% de los pacientes fueron hombres, las edades oscilaron entre 80 y 95 años. 32.7%, de pacientes con diagnóstico de disfunción sinusal. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue hipertensión arterial (92%). El procedimiento más realizado fue el implante de marcapaso bicameral. La mediana del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 1 día. EL 70% de los pacientes tuvieron riesgo medio o bajo según la escala CHA2DS2VASc. En el lapso de seis meses se encontró una incidencia acumulada de complicaciones de 4%, con 8% de reconsultas y una mortalidad de 1.3%. Conclusiones: las complicaciones posquirúrgicas, la necesidad y duración de la hospitalización, la tasa de reconsulta y la mortalidad asociada a los procedimientos en este grupo de edad son similares a las observadas en estudios con población menor de 80 años.

Abstract Introduction: fourth age patients have been cared for in the electrophysiology unit of a tertiary care hospital in Manizales, Caldas; however, there is little clarity in the literature regarding therapeutic conduct in this age group. We present our experience of care and intervention in patients over the age of 80 between September 20, 2017 and October 7, 2019. Methods: a longitudinal cohort study in which data was collected from a chart review. Telephone follow up was performed three and six months after the procedure. Patients over the age of 80 who had undergone any procedure in the electrophysiology lab were included. Patients without follow up information were excluded. Results: data were collected on 75 patients undergoing a procedure: 62.7% of the patients were men, ages ranged from 80 to 95, and 32.7% of the patients had a diagnosis of sinus dysfunction. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (92%). The most frequently performed procedure was dual chamber pacemaker implantation. The median hospital stay was one day. Seventy percent of the patients had a medium or low risk according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scale. Over a six-month period, a 4% cumulative incidence of complications was found, with 8% reconsultation and 1.3% mortality. Conclusions: postsurgical complications, the need for and length of hospitalization, the rate of reconsultation and the mortality associated with procedures in this age group are similar to those seen in studies of populations under 80 years old.

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Tintinnids are loricated ciliates found in coastal and oceanic waters that play a key role in the transference of energy to highest trophic levels. The purpose of this article is intended to integrate the available information about the taxonomy and distribution of Colombian tintinnids. An annotated distributional checklist based on published data is presented. One hundred and seven valid species of tintinnids, belonging to 12 families and 33 genera were listed. The genera Tintinnopsis and Eutinntinnus presented the highest number of species. Eighty-three species were recorded in the Caribbean basin and 51 in the Pacific, with a higher number in coastal waters.

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We describe in this paper an analysis of the spatial evolution of coronavirus pandemic around the world by using a particular type of unsupervised neural network, which is called self-organizing maps. Based on the clustering abilities of self-organizing maps we are able to spatially group together countries that are similar according to their coronavirus cases, in this way being able to analyze which countries are behaving similarly and thus can benefit by using similar strategies in dealing with the spread of the virus. Publicly available datasets of coronavirus cases around the globe from the last months have been used in the analysis. Interesting conclusions have been obtained, that could be helpful in deciding the best strategies in dealing with this virus. Most of the previous papers dealing with data of the Coronavirus have viewed the problem on temporal aspect, which is also important, but this is mainly concerned with the forecast of the numeric information. However, we believe that the spatial aspect is also important, so in this view the main contribution of this paper is the use of unsupervised self-organizing maps for grouping together similar countries in their fight against the Coronavirus pandemic, and thus proposing that strategies for similar countries could be established accordingly.