RESUMO
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies capable of returning cancer survivors back to their previous quality of life. The present study investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) or curcumin (CUR) administration could affect mnemonic function and brain morphological changes following DOX administration in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: DOX group (2.5 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks, i.p., plus distilled water for 28 days, oral gavage - OG), DOX + RSV group (DOX, 2.5 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks, i.p., plus RSV, 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days, OG), DOX + CUR group (DOX, 2.5 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks, i.p., plus CUR, 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days, OG) and control (CTR) group (0.9% saline solution weekly for 4 weeks, i.p., plus distilled water for 28 days, OG). Behavioral analyses (open field - OF - and the novel object recognition test - NORT) were performed. Brains were collected and analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining techniques and by immunohistochemistry for GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) expression in astrocytes and Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) expression in microglia. DOX-injected rats presented short-term and long-term memory impairments as seen in the NORT at 3 and 24 h after habituation and increased GFAP and Iba1 expression, respectively, in astrocytes and microglia of the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Such cognitive deficits were prevented by CUR at both periods and by RSV at 24 h. DOX-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis were avoided by RSV and CUR. No signs of demyelination or neuronal loss were found in any group. Thus, CUR and RSV prevented memory loss, astrogliosis and microgliosis induced by DOX monotherapy.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Curcumina , Animais , Disfunção Cognitiva/induzido quimicamente , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , ResveratrolRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to Standardize a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) protocol for the authentication of bovine and buffalo milk, and to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. For this, the target DNA was extracted, mixed, and subjected to a PCR assay. Milk samples were defrauded and experimentally contaminated with microorganisms to assess the detection of target DNA at different times of cultivation, bacterial titers, and concentration of genetic material. In addition, the protocol was tested with DNA extracted directly from food, without a pre-enrichment step. The proposed quadruplex PCR showed good accuracy in identifying target DNA sequences. It was possible to simultaneously identify all DNA sequences at the time of inoculation (0h), when the samples were contaminated with 2 CFU/250mL and with 6h of culture when the initial inoculum was 1 CFU/250mL. It was also possible to directly detect DNA sequences from the food when it was inoculated with 3 CFU/mL bacteria. Thus, the proposed methodology showed satisfactory performance, optimization of the analysis time, and a potential for the detection of microorganisms at low titers, which can be used for the detection of fraud and contamination.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi padronizar um protocolo de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para a autenticação de leite bovino e bubalino e a detecção da presença de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Para isso, o DNA-alvo foi extraído, misturado e submetido ao ensaio de PCR. Amostras de leite foram fraudadas e contaminadas experimentalmente com os micro-organismos, para se avaliar a detecção do DNA-alvo em diferentes tempos de cultivo, os títulos bacterianos e a concentração de material genético. Além disso, o protocolo foi testado com DNA extraído diretamente do alimento, sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento. A PCR quadriplex proposta mostrou boa precisão na identificação de sequências de DNA-alvo. Foi possível identificar simultaneamente todas as sequências de DNA no momento da inoculação (0h), quando as amostras estavam contaminadas com 2 UFC/250mL, e com seis horas de cultura, quando o inóculo inicial foi de 1 UFC/250mL. Também foi possível detectar diretamente as sequências de DNA do alimento quando este foi inoculado com 3 UFC/mL de bactérias. Dessa forma, a metodologia proposta apresentou desempenho satisfatório, otimização do tempo de análise e potencial para detecção de micro-organismos em baixos títulos, podendo ser utilizada para detecção de fraude e contaminação.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Búfalos , Leite/microbiologia , Fraude/prevenção & controle , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Inocuidade dos Alimentos/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterináriaRESUMO
Purpose: The influence of a challenge dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the behavioural selection between maternal (MB) and predatory behaviours (PB) of female rats prenatally treated with the same endotoxin or saline solution (F1 generation) were studied.Material and methods: Thus, in adult age, these female rats were mated and, at lactation days 5 or 6, the following groups were formed: (1) LPS + LPS group-female rats prenatally treated with LPS and received an LPS challenge dose; (2) S + LPS group-female rats prenatally treated with saline solution and received a challenge LPS dose (3) S + S group-females rats prenatally treated with saline which received a saline injection. MB, PB to cockroaches, exploratory behaviour, periaqueductal grey (PAG) expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and corticosterone and TNF-alpha serum levels were evaluated.Results: Showed that: (1) relative to the S + S group, the LPS + S group showed decreased MB and slightly increased PB, without inducing sickness behaviour; (2) the LPS + LPS group showed decreased MB but few effects on PB; (3) there was increased sickness behaviour associated with increased TNF-alpha serum levels in the LPS + LPS group; (4) a significant increase in GFAP expression was observed in both LPS groups, which was greater in the LPS + LPS group and (5) no differences in the corticosterone of all groups.Conclusions: Prenatal LPS impaired the switch from MB to PB in female rats of the LPS + LPS group by increased sickness behaviour as well as an increase in plasmatic TNF-alpha levels inducing PAG astrogliosis.
Assuntos
Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo , Gliose , Comportamento de Doença , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Comportamento Materno , Comportamento Predatório , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Animais , Corticosterona/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Gliose/induzido quimicamente , Gliose/metabolismo , Comportamento de Doença/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento de Doença/fisiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Materno/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Materno/fisiologia , Substância Cinzenta Periaquedutal/metabolismo , Comportamento Predatório/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Large-scale restoration programmes in the tropics require large volumes of high quality, genetically diverse and locally adapted seeds from a large number of species. However, scarcity of native seeds is a critical restriction to achieve restoration targets. In this paper, we analyse three successful community-based networks that supply native seeds and seedlings for Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado restoration projects. In addition, we propose directions to promote local participation, legal, technical and commercialisation issues for up-scaling the market of native seeds for restoration with high quality and social justice. We argue that effective community-based restoration arrangements should follow some principles: (i) seed production must be based on real market demand; (ii) non-governmental and governmental organisations have a key role in supporting local organisation, legal requirements and selling processes; (iii) local ecological knowledge and labour should be valued, enabling local communities to promote large-scale seed production; (iv) applied research can help develop appropriate techniques and solve technical issues. The case studies from Brazil and principles presented here can be useful for the up-scaling restoration ecology efforts in many other parts of the world and especially in tropical countries where improving rural community income is a strategy for biodiversity conservation and restoration.
Assuntos
Sementes , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , EcologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients with simple chronic otitis media and incomplete ossicular discontinuity should undergo ossicular reconstruction. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised surgical trial comparing no intervention with incus interposition over a 5-year period. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six participants with simple chronic otitis media and erosion of the long process of the incus but apparent good transmission throughout the ossicular chain as tested intra-operatively. Forty-four patients had partial erosion of the incus but still bony contact with the stapes head (Group A-Type I), and 32 had mainly connective tissue binding the incus and stapes (Group B-Type II). Each of these groups was randomised to either leaving the ossicular chain as it was (A1 and B1) or performing an incus interposition (A2 and B2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Average postoperative air-bone gap and the degree of ABG closure. A postoperative air-bone gap under 20 dB was considered a successful result. RESULTS: In group A, there was no significant difference between no intervention and incus interposition. In group B, patients in the no reconstruction subgroup had a significantly worse hearing result than the incus interposition subgroup (postoperative air-bone gap of 27.5 dB and 31% closure within 20 dB vs 15 dB and 75% closure). CONCLUSIONS: For Type I patients, the postoperative hearing results were similar for the reconstruction and no reconstruction groups. For Type II patients, the results clearly favour reconstruction.
Assuntos
Condução Óssea/fisiologia , Tomada de Decisões , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/cirurgia , Bigorna/cirurgia , Prótese Ossicular , Otite Média/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Seguimentos , Audição/fisiologia , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Otite Média/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of this work was to estimate the technical efficiency scores of Brazilian agricultural establishments using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. For that purpose, microdata from the 2006 Brazilian Agricultural Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (ibge) were used. The units of analysis are the agricultural establishments since they allow broad characterization, as well as minimization of possible bias caused by data aggregation at the municipal or state level. The value of production responded positively to increases in land, capital goods, labor and inputs, but negatively to the stock of animals on the property. The average estimated technical efficiency was 0.32. This low value observed suggests that Brazilian agricultural establishments were in general fairly inefficient. This result is important for agricultural policies since it suggests that policies aimed at reducing the technical inefficiency of agricultural establishments may be effective in increasing agricultural production.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os escores de eficiência técnica dos estabelecimentos agropecuários brasileiros utilizando o método da Fronteira Estocástica de Produção. Para tanto, foram utilizados os microdados do Censo Agropecuário 2006 do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), cujas unidades de pesquisa são os estabelecimentos agropecuários, visto que os mesmos permitem caracterizações amplas, bem como a minimização de possível viés causado pela agregação das informações em âmbito municipal ou estadual. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que o valor da produção respondeu positivamente a aumentos nos fatores terra, bens de capital, trabalho e insumos, mas negativamente ao estoque de animais existente no estabelecimento. A média da eficiência técnica estimada foi de 0,32, sendo que esse baixo valor observado sugere que, em média, os estabelecimentos agropecuários brasileiros eram bastante ineficientes. Este resultado é de grande importância para as políticas agropecuárias, uma vez que sugerem que políticas voltadas para reduzir a ineficiência técnica dos estabelecimentos rurais podem ser eficazes para aumentar a produção agropecuária.
Assuntos
Censos , Eficiência Organizacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Indústria Agropecuária/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Econométricos , Zona RuralRESUMO
The objective of this work was to estimate the technical efficiency scores of Brazilian agricultural establishments using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. For that purpose, microdata from the 2006 Brazilian Agricultural Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (ibge) were used. The units of analysis are the agricultural establishments since they allow broad characterization, as well as minimization of possible bias caused by data aggregation at the municipal or state level. The value of production responded positively to increases in land, capital goods, labor and inputs, but negatively to the stock of animals on the property. The average estimated technical efficiency was 0.32. This low value observed suggests that Brazilian agricultural establishments were in general fairly inefficient. This result is important for agricultural policies since it suggests that policies aimed at reducing the technical inefficiency of agricultural establishments may be effective in increasing agricultural production.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os escores de eficiência técnica dos estabelecimentos agropecuários brasileiros utilizando o método da Fronteira Estocástica de Produção. Para tanto, foram utilizados os microdados do Censo Agropecuário 2006 do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), cujas unidades de pesquisa são os estabelecimentos agropecuários, visto que os mesmos permitem caracterizações amplas, bem como a minimização de possível viés causado pela agregação das informações em âmbito municipal ou estadual. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que o valor da produção respondeu positivamente a aumentos nos fatores terra, bens de capital, trabalho e insumos, mas negativamente ao estoque de animais existente no estabelecimento. A média da eficiência técnica estimada foi de 0,32, sendo que esse baixo valor observado sugere que, em média, os estabelecimentos agropecuários brasileiros eram bastante ineficientes. Este resultado é de grande importância para as políticas agropecuárias, uma vez que sugerem que políticas voltadas para reduzir a ineficiência técnica dos estabelecimentos rurais podem ser eficazes para aumentar a produção agropecuária.(AU)
Assuntos
Eficiência Organizacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Censos , Indústria Agropecuária/estatística & dados numéricos , /análise , Zona Rural , Modelos EconométricosRESUMO
As neoplasias ovarianas em gatas são raras e, quando relatadas, estão associadas a animais senis, assim como a piometra de causa não iatrogênica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma gata jovem com neoplasia ovariana, tumor de células da granulosa associado ao complexo hiperplasia endometrial cística/piometra (HECP). O animal foi atendido no setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia Veterinária (RAOV) de um Hospital Veterinário Escola, com histórico de monta natural recente, anorexia, êmese, polidipsia, poliúria e descarga vaginal purulenta. Ao exame físico, observou-se apatia, mucosas ictéricas, aumento de volume da região abdominal e presença de secreção vaginal purulenta. À ultrassonografia, foi visibilizado conteúdo ecogênico no útero diagnóstico de HECP e estrutura ecogênica na cavidade abdominal, na região ovariana, confirmado pelo exame histopatológico como sendo tumor das células da granulosa. A conduta terapêutica adotada foi a cirurgia de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH).(AU)
Ovarian neoplasias in cats are rare, and are associated with advanced ages, as well as non-iatrogenic pyometra. The objective of the present study was to report a case of a young cat showing signs of a rare neoplasia, the granulosa-cell tumor, associated with complex cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra (HECP). The animal was attended in the Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Obstetrics sector of a Teaching Veterinary Hospital with a history of natural breeding, anorexia, emesis, polydipsia, polyuria, and purulent vaginal discharge. During clinical examination, apathy, icterus, swelling of the abdomen, and purulent vaginal discharge were observed. On the ultrasonographic exam, an echogenic content inside the uterus was observed, leading to diagnosis of HECP and an echogenic structure in the abdominal cavity, in ovarian region, confirmed by histopathology as being of granulosa cells. The therapeutic conduct adopted was salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy surgery (OSH).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Tumor de Células da Granulosa/veterinária , Piometra/veterinária , Neoplasias Ovarianas/veterináriaRESUMO
As neoplasias ovarianas em gatas são raras e, quando relatadas, estão associadas a animais senis, assim como a piometra de causa não iatrogênica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma gata jovem com neoplasia ovariana, tumor de células da granulosa associado ao complexo hiperplasia endometrial cística/piometra (HECP). O animal foi atendido no setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia Veterinária (RAOV) de um Hospital Veterinário Escola, com histórico de monta natural recente, anorexia, êmese, polidipsia, poliúria e descarga vaginal purulenta. Ao exame físico, observou-se apatia, mucosas ictéricas, aumento de volume da região abdominal e presença de secreção vaginal purulenta. À ultrassonografia, foi visibilizado conteúdo ecogênico no útero diagnóstico de HECP e estrutura ecogênica na cavidade abdominal, na região ovariana, confirmado pelo exame histopatológico como sendo tumor das células da granulosa. A conduta terapêutica adotada foi a cirurgia de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH).(AU)
Ovarian neoplasias in cats are rare, and are associated with advanced ages, as well as non-iatrogenic pyometra. The objective of the present study was to report a case of a young cat showing signs of a rare neoplasia, the granulosa-cell tumor, associated with complex cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra (HECP). The animal was attended in the Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Obstetrics sector of a Teaching Veterinary Hospital with a history of natural breeding, anorexia, emesis, polydipsia, polyuria, and purulent vaginal discharge. During clinical examination, apathy, icterus, swelling of the abdomen, and purulent vaginal discharge were observed. On the ultrasonographic exam, an echogenic content inside the uterus was observed, leading to diagnosis of HECP and an echogenic structure in the abdominal cavity, in ovarian region, confirmed by histopathology as being of granulosa cells. The therapeutic conduct adopted was salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy surgery (OSH).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Tumor de Células da Granulosa/veterinária , Piometra/veterinária , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Neoplasias Ovarianas/veterináriaRESUMO
Strontium ranelate (SrRan) is a drug usually prescribed to treat osteoporosis, with proven effects of decreasing the risk of fractures and an indication of reducing the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the effects of SrRan as either a prophylactic or a treatment drug, using an OA rat model to assess pain behavior. A monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee joint OA model in Wistar rats was used. Thirty Wistar rats (both sexes, 60 days old) were distributed in five groups of 6 rats each: the control group, that received no intervention; a prophylactic group, that received oral administration of 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 of SrRan for 28 days before induction of OA; a group treated with 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 of SrRan for 28 days after OA induction; a group treated with 50 mg·kg-1·day-1 during 28 days after OA induction; and a group that received oral saline for 28 days after induction. The assessment of pain behavior was performed considering articular incapacitation (weight-bearing test), mechanical hyperalgesia (Randall Selitto test) and motor activity (rotarod test), on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. This experiment did not yield a significant difference when comparing the group that received SrRan prophylactically with the groups treated with 25 or 50 mg·kg-1·day-1 and the group that received oral saline. Thus, SrRan did not provide analgesia in either treated rats or as a prophylactic drug with the tested doses. Higher doses should be tested further to achieve possible significant results.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoartrite do Joelho/tratamento farmacológico , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep infection of the head and neck in young adults. It is considered a purulent complication of acute tonsillitis, but other mechanisms have been proposed. There is no consensus as to whether seasonality affects peritonsillar abscess incidence. METHODS: This observational, descriptive, retrospective study explored the epidemiology of peritonsillar abscess and its relationship with seasonality. The cases were selected from the emergency otolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: The sample comprised 528 patients (42.61 per cent males, mean age = 26.63 years). A moderate positive correlation was found between peritonsillar abscess incidence and monthly average temperature. No associations were found with insolation, precipitation or humidity. CONCLUSION: In this sample, peritonsillar abscess was more likely to occur in warmer months. The findings corroborate the theory that peritonsillar abscess is not a direct complication of acute tonsillitis and may improve understanding of peritonsillar abscess aetiology.
Assuntos
Clima , Abscesso Peritonsilar/epidemiologia , Abscesso Peritonsilar/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Umidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatística como Assunto , Temperatura , Clima Tropical , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) involves faults in the filling and emptying phases of bladder function in toilet-trained children with no previous infection or any other obvious pathology. Lower urinary tract dysfunction is associated with conditions such as vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent urinary infection, behavioral alterations and decreased quality of life. The literature suggests an association between LUTD and obesity; however, the association between each individual symptom and obesity has yet to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between excess weight and LUTD in children and adolescents in a community-based sample. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included 423 children and adolescents aged 5-17 years, and randomly selected in public places and schools between May and July 2015. The participants and their mothers completed the Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) questionnaire, except for the questions on constipation and with the addition of a question on enuresis. They also completed the Rome III questionnaire, in which two positive responses defined the presence of constipation. Participants were classified as being of normal weight, overweight or obese, which was based on the BMI-for-age indicator. RESULTS: Mean age was 9.7 years (SD 2.9), with girls comprising 50.6% of the sample and adolescents 52.5%. The prevalence of LUTD was 7.1%, with 13.5% of participants being overweight and 12.1% obese (Figure). Constipation was present in 5.9% of participants and enuresis in 10.8%. In the multivariate analysis, three factors were independently and significantly associated with a positive DVSS: age <10 years (ß = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.34-1.18), constipation (ß = 1.79; 95% CI: 0.88-2.70) and obesity (ß = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.25-1.52). DISCUSSION: Only bladder filling symptoms were associated with obesity. This may be explained by the fact that both obese individuals and those with emptying symptoms were shown to have activation alterations in the same brain regions. One limitation of this study was the use of questionnaires alone to diagnose LUTD and constipation. CONCLUSION: Only the bladder-emptying symptoms of LUTD appear to be associated with obesity. This hypothesis may serve as a basis for future studies.
Assuntos
Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Adolescente , Criança , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To study the occurrence of fever and the behaviours of inflammatory blood markers (C-reactive protein - CRP and procalcitonin - PCT) during episodes of otorrhea due to uncomplicated chronic otitis media in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. DESIGN: Prospective study of patients presenting with otorrhea over a 36-month period. SETTING: All patients were treated at Bonsucesso General Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 84 participants, of which 50 were immunocompetent and 34 were immunocompromised. Immunocompetent patients had a total of 106 episodes of otorrhea, and immunocompromised patients had 117 episodes of otorrhea. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of fever (axillary temperature over 38(°) C) and elevation of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels above the normal ranges. RESULTS: In the immunocompetent group, the levels of procalcitonin were elevated in five of 106 episodes of otorrhea. The C-reactive protein levels were above the normal range in nine of 106 episodes, the same number of episodes in which fever was observed. In the immunocompromised group, procalcitonin was elevated in 38 of 117 episodes of otorrhea, C-reactive protein levels were abnormal in 40 episodes, and fever was detected in 37 episodes. Cases of otorrhea with systemic inflammatory response were significantly more common in immunocompromised patients with associated rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSIONS: Otorrhea due to uncomplicated chronic otitis media rarely causes a systemic inflammatory response in immunocompetent patients. Its occurrence in immunocompromised patients seems to be more related to concurrent rhinosinusitis than to the chronic middle ear inflammation itself.
Assuntos
Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Otite Média Supurativa/complicações , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Otite Média com Derrame/etiologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Geographic tongue (GT) is the most frequent oral lesion in psoriatic patients (PP), and genetic involvement in these conditions has been described. The association of psoriasis with GT is still not clear, and the study of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) may help clarify this relation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of HLA alleles with psoriasis vulgaris and GT. METHODS: Fifty-eight Brazilian PP, 29 GT patients and 125 healthy controls individuals were selected. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics was collected. All patients underwent an oral examination and blood collection for HLA typing. RESULTS: HLA-A did not show significant differences in frequencies among the groups. HLA-B*57 allele was more frequently found in PP and was not found in GT. HLA-B*58 allele was more frequently found in GT. HLA-C*06 and -C*18 alleles were associated with psoriasis. No significant differences in HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 were observed. CONCLUSION: HLA-B*58 was associated with GT and HLA-B*57 was possibly associated with psoriasis. This suggested that some GT cases may represent true oral psoriasis and some may represent only GT. Therefore, it is necessary to make this distinction and increase our sample size to improve the correct diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
Assuntos
Glossite Migratória Benigna/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Psoríase/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Glossite Migratória Benigna/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psoríase/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Foram levantados os resultados experimentais individuais de 1.393 bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento, obtidos em diversas instituições de pesquisa. Foi aplicada análise multivariada exploratória de agrupamento hierárquico, que permitiu a divisão dos bovinos em sete grupos, contendo animais com padrões similares quanto às características de desempenho. As variáveis consideradas foram: peso do animal na entrada e na saída do confinamento, porcentagem de concentrado, tempo de confinamento, ingestão de matéria seca, ganho de peso e eficiência alimentar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento não hierárquica k-means, quando foi possível verificar que todas as características deveriam ser consideradas. Além das variáveis utilizadas para a análise anterior, foram incluídos os teores dos nutrientes da dieta, ingestão de proteína bruta e de nutrientes digestíveis totais, peso e rendimento da carcaça quente, espessura de gordura de cobertura e área de olho de lombo, e com todas essas informações, foram formadas estruturas de três até 14 grupos, que foram investigadas utilizando os mapas auto-organizáveis de Kohonen. Exemplares da raça Nelore, sejam inteiros ou castrados, ficaram diluídos entre grupos, tanto nas análises hierárquica e não-hierárquica, quanto nas análises de redes neurais artificiais. Portanto, animais da raça Nelore não puderam ser caracterizados como tendo comportamento único quando terminados em confinamento, pois participaram de grupos formados com animais de outras raças zebuínas (Gir, Guzerá) e de grupos formados com animais europeus (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Caracu), por apresentarem diversos potenciais de desempenho...
The individual experimental results of 1,393 feedlot-finished cattle of different genetic groups obtained at different research institutions were collected. Exploratory multivariate hierarchical analysis was applied, which permitted the division of cattle into seven groups containing animals with similar performance patterns. The following variables were studied: weight of the animal at feedlot entry and exit, concentrate percentage, time spent in the feedlot, dry matter intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency. The data were submitted to non-hierarchical k-means cluster analysis, which revealed that all traits should be considered. In addition to the variables used in the previous analysis, the following variables were included: dietary nutrient content, crude protein and total digestible nutrient intake, hot carcass weight and yield, fat coverage, and loin eye area. Using all of these data, structures of 3 to 14 groups were formed which were analyzed using Kohonen self-organizing maps. Specimens of the Nellore breed, either intact or castrated, were diluted among groups in hierarchical and non-hierarchical analysis, as well as in the analysis of artificial neural networks. Nellore animals therefore cannot be characterized as having a single behavior when finished in feedlots, since they participate in groups formed with animals of other Zebu breeds (Gyr, Guzerá) and with animals of European breeds (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Caracu) that exhibit different performance potentials...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Análise Multivariada , Carne , Cruzamentos Genéticos , BovinosRESUMO
Foi estudado em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria decumbens, o efeito de quatro tipos de suplementos na terminação de bovinos Nelore no período da seca. Utilizaram-se 64 animais da raça Nelore, machos castrados, com idade aproximada de 34 meses e peso corporal (PC) inicial variando de 360 a 380 kg, distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso em quatro tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram quatro formas de suplementação da pastagem: pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + sal proteico energético mineral (SuPEM), considerado controle; pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + ureia + farelo de algodão (28% PB) + milho grão moído (SuMi); pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + ureia + farelo de algodão (28% PB) + polpa cítrica (SuPC); pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + ureia + farelo de algodão (28% PB) + casca de soja (SuCS). A pastagem foi diferida por 170 dias e apresentou 3.482 kg MS/ha de forragem, permitindo 1,56 UA/ha (ingestão de MS de 2,25% do PC e 50% de eficiência de pastejo). Os animais receberam o suplemento ad libitum no tratamento SuPEM e em % PC nos demais tratamentos, de julho a outubro. Os animais foram abatidos com PC mínimo de 457 kg. Foram determinadas as variáveis: peso final (PF), ganho de peso no período (GPP), ganho de peso diário (GPD), peso da carcaça quente (PCQ) e rendimento da carcaça quente (RCQ). Na variável PF, o tipo de suplemento dos tratamentos SuMi, SuPC e SuCS, permitiu maior aporte de nutrientes, e assim apresentaram melhor desempenho (P<0,05) comparados ao tratamento SuPEM (média de 478,68 vs 412,62 kg). Esse mesmo efeito foi observado nos outros parâmetros estudados. Quando foi analisado o GPP e GPD, o tratamento SuCS foi superior (P<0,05) aos tratamentos SuMi e SuPC, em razão do aumento na oferta de concentrado, e o tratamento SuPEM foi inferior aos demais. O PCQ e RCQ foi maior no tratamento SuCS em decorrência do melhor desempenho, com 260,05 kg e 53,92%, respectivamente. A suplementação de bovinos no período da seca...
This study evaluated the effect of four types of supplement on the finishing of Nellore cattle on deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the dry season. Sixty-four castrated Nellore males with an age of approximately 34 months and initial body weight (BW) ranging from 360 to 380 kg were divided into 16 animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four types of pasture supplement: deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + energy protein mineral salt (SuEPM) used as control; deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + urea + cottonseed meal (28% CP) + ground corn grain (SuCo); deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + urea + cottonseed meal (28% CP) + citrus pulp (SuCPu); deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + urea + cottonseed meal (28% CP) + soy hull (SuSH). The pasture was deferred for 170 days and provided 3,482 kg DM/ha of forage, permitting a stocking rate of 1.56 AU/ha (DM intake of 2.25% BW and 50% pasture efficiency). The animals received the supplement ad libitum in the SuEPM treatment and as % BW in the other treatments from July to October. The animals were slaughtered at a minimum BW of 457 kg. The following variables were evaluated: final weight, weight gain during the period (WG), average daily gain (ADG), hot carcass weight (HCW), and hot carcass yield (HCY). With respect to final weight, the supplement in the SuCo, SuCPu and SuSH treatments permitted a greater supply of nutrients and the animals therefore exhibited better performance (P<0.05) compared to the SuEPM treatment (mean of 478.68 vs 412.62 kg). The same effect was observed for the other parameters studied. Analysis of WG and ADG showed that SuSH was superior to the SuCo and SuCPu treatments (P<0.05) due to the increased offer of concentrate and SuEPM was inferior to the other treatments. Higher HCW (260.05 kg) and HCY (53.92%) were obtained with treatment SuSH as a result of greater performance. Supplementation of cattle during the dry ...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/classificação , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Ração Animal , Secas , Aumento de Peso/etnologia , Zea maysRESUMO
Strategies to improve the nutritional aspects of beef, mainly the fatty acids composition, have become an important goal to the scientific community. The use of different oils sources could be an interesting device due its polyunsaturated fatty acids composition. The chemical and fatty acid composition of rump cap (Biceps femoris) from 35 Nellore young bulls finished at feedlot (96 days) were analyzed. These animals were fed a control diet with sugar cane and concentrate without oil or diets containing sugar cane and concentrate with different sources of oil (soybean or linseed), protected or not from ruminal degradation. A randomized block design was adopted with five treatments and seven replications. The means were compared using orthogonal contrasts at 0.05 significance level. Animals fed diets with oil showed higher levels (P<0.05) of protein and lower levels (P<0.05) of ash than control diet. Lower cholesterol (P<0.05) levels resulted from linseed oil added treatment compared to soybean oil (37.70 and 43.80 mg/100 g, respectively); on the other hand, cholesterol levels increased (P<0.05) for protected oils compared to non-protected (44.53 and 33.97 mg/100 g). Oil added diets resulted in higher (P<0.05) linolenic acid levels. Linseed oil increased (P<0.05) the levels of the fatty acids C14:1, C16:1 and C18:1 n9. Addition of linseed oil, whether protected or not, to the animal diets improves the fatty acid composition of the rump cap by increasing the amount of omega-3 fatty acids and improving the omega-6:omega-3 ratio...
Estratégias para melhorar os aspectos nutricionais da carne, principalmente a composição em ácidos graxos, tornaram-se importante objetivo para a comunidade científica. A utilização de diferentes fontes de óleo poderia ser uma ferramenta interessante devido à sua composição em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. A composição química e de ácidos graxos da picanha (Biceps femoris) de 35 tourinhos Nelore terminados em confinamento (96 dias) foram analisadas. Os animais foram alimentados com uma dieta controle contendo cana-de-açúcar e concentrado sem óleo ou dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e concentrado com diferentes fontes de óleo (soja ou linhaça), protegido ou não de degradação ruminal. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. As médias foram comparadas usando contrastes ortogonais em nível de 5% de significância. Animais alimentados com dietas contendo óleo apresentaram teores mais elevados (P<0,05) de proteína e menores teores de cinza (P<0,05) na carne em relação àqueles alimentados com dieta controle. O óleo de linhaça reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de colesterol em relação ao óleo de soja (37,70 e 43,80 mg/100 g, respectivamente). Por outro lado, o teor de colesterol da carne aumentou (P<0,05) para os animais alimentados com óleos protegidos em comparação aos não-protegidos (44,53 e 33,97 mg/100 g). O óleo adicionado às dietas resultou em maior (P<0,05) concentração do ácido graxo linolênico. O óleo de linhaça aumentou (P<0,05) os teores dos ácidos graxos C14:1, C16:1 e C18:1 n9. A adição de óleo de linhaça, seja protegido ou não, em dieta para tourinhos Nelore melhora a composição de ácidos graxos da picanha, aumentando a quantidade de ácidos graxos ômega-3 e melhorando a relação omega-6:omega-3.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Carne , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Semente do Linho/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Alimentos de Origem Animal , Bovinos , Composição de AlimentosRESUMO
Foi estudado em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria decumbens, o efeito de quatro tipos de suplementos na terminação de bovinos Nelore no período da seca. Utilizaram-se 64 animais da raça Nelore, machos castrados, com idade aproximada de 34 meses e peso corporal (PC) inicial variando de 360 a 380 kg, distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso em quatro tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram quatro formas de suplementação da pastagem: pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + sal proteico energético mineral (SuPEM), considerado controle; pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + ureia + farelo de algodão (28% PB) + milho grão moído (SuMi); pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + ureia + farelo de algodão (28% PB) + polpa cítrica (SuPC); pasto diferido de Brachiaria decumbens + ureia + farelo de algodão (28% PB) + casca de soja (SuCS). A pastagem foi diferida por 170 dias e apresentou 3.482 kg MS/ha de forragem, permitindo 1,56 UA/ha (ingestão de MS de 2,25% do PC e 50% de eficiência de pastejo). Os animais receberam o suplemento ad libitum no tratamento SuPEM e em % PC nos demais tratamentos, de julho a outubro. Os animais foram abatidos com PC mínimo de 457 kg. Foram determinadas as variáveis: peso final (PF), ganho de peso no período (GPP), ganho de peso diário (GPD), peso da carcaça quente (PCQ) e rendimento da carcaça quente (RCQ). Na variável PF, o tipo de suplemento dos tratamentos SuMi, SuPC e SuCS, permitiu maior aporte de nutrientes, e assim apresentaram melhor desempenho (P<0,05) comparados ao tratamento SuPEM (média de 478,68 vs 412,62 kg). Esse mesmo efeito foi observado nos outros parâmetros estudados. Quando foi analisado o GPP e GPD, o tratamento SuCS foi superior (P<0,05) aos tratamentos SuMi e SuPC, em razão do aumento na oferta de concentrado, e o tratamento SuPEM foi inferior aos demais. O PCQ e RCQ foi maior no tratamento SuCS em decorrência do melhor desempenho, com 260,05 kg e 53,92%, respectivamente. A suplementação de bovinos no período da seca...(AU)
This study evaluated the effect of four types of supplement on the finishing of Nellore cattle on deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the dry season. Sixty-four castrated Nellore males with an age of approximately 34 months and initial body weight (BW) ranging from 360 to 380 kg were divided into 16 animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four types of pasture supplement: deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + energy protein mineral salt (SuEPM) used as control; deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + urea + cottonseed meal (28% CP) + ground corn grain (SuCo); deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + urea + cottonseed meal (28% CP) + citrus pulp (SuCPu); deferred Brachiaria decumbens pasture + urea + cottonseed meal (28% CP) + soy hull (SuSH). The pasture was deferred for 170 days and provided 3,482 kg DM/ha of forage, permitting a stocking rate of 1.56 AU/ha (DM intake of 2.25% BW and 50% pasture efficiency). The animals received the supplement ad libitum in the SuEPM treatment and as % BW in the other treatments from July to October. The animals were slaughtered at a minimum BW of 457 kg. The following variables were evaluated: final weight, weight gain during the period (WG), average daily gain (ADG), hot carcass weight (HCW), and hot carcass yield (HCY). With respect to final weight, the supplement in the SuCo, SuCPu and SuSH treatments permitted a greater supply of nutrients and the animals therefore exhibited better performance (P<0.05) compared to the SuEPM treatment (mean of 478.68 vs 412.62 kg). The same effect was observed for the other parameters studied. Analysis of WG and ADG showed that SuSH was superior to the SuCo and SuCPu treatments (P<0.05) due to the increased offer of concentrate and SuEPM was inferior to the other treatments. Higher HCW (260.05 kg) and HCY (53.92%) were obtained with treatment SuSH as a result of greater performance. Supplementation of cattle during the dry ...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/classificação , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Ração Animal , Secas , Zea mays , Aumento de Peso/etnologiaRESUMO
Strategies to improve the nutritional aspects of beef, mainly the fatty acids composition, have become an important goal to the scientific community. The use of different oils sources could be an interesting device due its polyunsaturated fatty acids composition. The chemical and fatty acid composition of rump cap (Biceps femoris) from 35 Nellore young bulls finished at feedlot (96 days) were analyzed. These animals were fed a control diet with sugar cane and concentrate without oil or diets containing sugar cane and concentrate with different sources of oil (soybean or linseed), protected or not from ruminal degradation. A randomized block design was adopted with five treatments and seven replications. The means were compared using orthogonal contrasts at 0.05 significance level. Animals fed diets with oil showed higher levels (P<0.05) of protein and lower levels (P<0.05) of ash than control diet. Lower cholesterol (P<0.05) levels resulted from linseed oil added treatment compared to soybean oil (37.70 and 43.80 mg/100 g, respectively); on the other hand, cholesterol levels increased (P<0.05) for protected oils compared to non-protected (44.53 and 33.97 mg/100 g). Oil added diets resulted in higher (P<0.05) linolenic acid levels. Linseed oil increased (P<0.05) the levels of the fatty acids C14:1, C16:1 and C18:1 n9. Addition of linseed oil, whether protected or not, to the animal diets improves the fatty acid composition of the rump cap by increasing the amount of omega-3 fatty acids and improving the omega-6:omega-3 ratio...(AU)
Estratégias para melhorar os aspectos nutricionais da carne, principalmente a composição em ácidos graxos, tornaram-se importante objetivo para a comunidade científica. A utilização de diferentes fontes de óleo poderia ser uma ferramenta interessante devido à sua composição em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. A composição química e de ácidos graxos da picanha (Biceps femoris) de 35 tourinhos Nelore terminados em confinamento (96 dias) foram analisadas. Os animais foram alimentados com uma dieta controle contendo cana-de-açúcar e concentrado sem óleo ou dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e concentrado com diferentes fontes de óleo (soja ou linhaça), protegido ou não de degradação ruminal. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. As médias foram comparadas usando contrastes ortogonais em nível de 5% de significância. Animais alimentados com dietas contendo óleo apresentaram teores mais elevados (P<0,05) de proteína e menores teores de cinza (P<0,05) na carne em relação àqueles alimentados com dieta controle. O óleo de linhaça reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de colesterol em relação ao óleo de soja (37,70 e 43,80 mg/100 g, respectivamente). Por outro lado, o teor de colesterol da carne aumentou (P<0,05) para os animais alimentados com óleos protegidos em comparação aos não-protegidos (44,53 e 33,97 mg/100 g). O óleo adicionado às dietas resultou em maior (P<0,05) concentração do ácido graxo linolênico. O óleo de linhaça aumentou (P<0,05) os teores dos ácidos graxos C14:1, C16:1 e C18:1 n9. A adição de óleo de linhaça, seja protegido ou não, em dieta para tourinhos Nelore melhora a composição de ácidos graxos da picanha, aumentando a quantidade de ácidos graxos ômega-3 e melhorando a relação omega-6:omega-3.