RESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although autonomic dysfunction has been shown to be associated with liver cirrhosis, the prevalence and prognostic implications are unclear. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic function, has not been well investigated in cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of high-risk HRV parameters in a cohort of cirrhotic patients and their association with cardiac dysfunction and mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study conducted in the Federal University of São Paulo. METHOD: A cohort of 120 patients, comprising 17 healthy controls and 103 cirrhotic outpatients, was evaluated and followed for 10 months. HRV analysis was based on 24-hour Holter monitoring and defined using time-domain and frequency-domain parameters. RESULTS: The HRV parameters were statistically lower in cirrhotic patients than in healthy subjects. High-risk HRV parameters were prevalent, such that 64% had at least one high-risk parameter. Time-domain parameters correlated with Child scores (P < 0.0001). In regression models, HRV parameters were independent predictors of diastolic dysfunction and mortality. During 10 months of follow-up, there were 11 deaths, all of patients with at least one high-risk HRV parameter. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated low survival rates among patients with standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) < 100. CONCLUSION: Reduced HRV is prevalent in liver cirrhosis and is related to cardiac dysfunction, severity of liver disease and mortality. Abnormal high-risk HRV parameters are prevalent among cirrhotic patients and are also predictors of mortality. Our findings highlight the need for a more careful cardiac evaluation of cirrhotic patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Arritmias Cardíacas , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Estudos Prospectivos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Cirrose Hepática/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although autonomic dysfunction has been shown to be associated with liver cirrhosis, the prevalence and prognostic implications are unclear. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic function, has not been well investigated in cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of high-risk HRV parameters in a cohort of cirrhotic patients and their association with cardiac dysfunction and mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study conducted in the Federal University of São Paulo. METHOD: A cohort of 120 patients, comprising 17 healthy controls and 103 cirrhotic outpatients, was evaluated and followed for 10 months. HRV analysis was based on 24-hour Holter monitoring and defined using time-domain and frequency-domain parameters. RESULTS: The HRV parameters were statistically lower in cirrhotic patients than in healthy subjects. High-risk HRV parameters were prevalent, such that 64% had at least one high-risk parameter. Time-domain parameters correlated with Child scores (P < 0.0001). In regression models, HRV parameters were independent predictors of diastolic dysfunction and mortality. During 10 months of follow-up, there were 11 deaths, all of patients with at least one high-risk HRV parameter. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated low survival rates among patients with standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) < 100. CONCLUSION: Reduced HRV is prevalent in liver cirrhosis and is related to cardiac dysfunction, severity of liver disease and mortality. Abnormal high-risk HRV parameters are prevalent among cirrhotic patients and are also predictors of mortality. Our findings highlight the need for a more careful cardiac evaluation of cirrhotic patients.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Criança , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial process that appears to be caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multiple predisposing genes. It is nowadays accepted that increased levels of DNA damage induced by xenobiotics play an important role in the early phases of atherogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we focus on determining whether genetic variations in xenobiotic-metabolizing [glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), cytochrome P450 IIEI (CYP2E1)] and DNA repair [X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1)] genes might be associated with increased risk for CAD. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with 400 individuals who underwent subjected to coronary angiography. A total of 299 were patients diagnosed with effective coronary atherosclerosis (case group; >20% obstructive lesion), and 101 (control group) were individuals diagnosed as negative for CAD (<20% obstructive lesions). The polymorphism identifications for GSTM1 and GSTT1, and for CYP2E1 and XRCC1 genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and by PCR-RFLP, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The XRCC1 homozygous wild-type genotype Arg/Arg for codon 399 was statistically less pronounced in the case subjects (21.4%) than in controls (38.5%); individuals with the variant XRCC1 genotype had a 2.3-fold increased risk for coronary atherosclerosis than individuals with the wild-type genotype (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.13-4.69). Conversely, no association between GSTM1, GSTT1, and CYP2E1gene polymorphisms and coronary atherosclerosis was detected. The results provide evidence of the role of DNA damage and repair in cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Reparo do DNA/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Idoso , Alelos , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/genética , Dano ao DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína 1 Complementadora Cruzada de Reparo de Raio-XRESUMO
Objetivo - Detectar a isquemia miocárdica através da ecocardiografia de estresse com dobutamina (ESD). Métodos - Foram estudados 271 pacientes através da ESD, dos quais 63(23//) realizaram cinecoronariografia com intervalo de até um mês do exame ecocardiográfico. As angiografias foram analisadas independentemente por 3 hemodinamicistas e as lesöes que obstruíssem mais de 50// da luz da artéria coronária relacionada ao segmento estudado, foram consideradas passíveis de causar isquemia. Resultados - A sensibilidade e especificidade global foram, respectivamente, 95// e 75//, resultando em uma acurácia de 89//. Do total de 43 pacientes com doença arterial coronária obstrutiva, observaram-se 2 falso negativos. Em relaçäo aos falso positivos (5 em 20 doentes), um era portador de miocardiopatia isquêmica com disfunçäo ventricular e o outro teve seu exame tecnicamente difícil. Os sintomas e efeitos colaterais, notadados durante o procedimento nos 271 pacientes, seguem em ordem decrescente: palpitaçöes, 46//, arritmia, 24//; hipotensäo sistólica leve, 24//; precordialgia, 8//, hipertensäo, 5//; parestesia facial, 4//; tremores, 1,8//; náusea, 1,8//; cefaléia, 1,4//; dispnéia, 0,4// e hipotensäo sistólica grave, 0,4//. Conclusäo - Os resultados conseguidos, a facilidade de execuçäo e o pequeno número de complicaçöes parecem tornar a ESD um método promissor e seguro para a detecçäo de isquemia miocárdica
Purpose - To detect myocardial isquemia during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). Methods - Two hundred and seventy one patients were studied; 63 (23%) underwent coronary angiography within a month of DSE. Angiograms were analyzed independently by 3 angiographers, and coronary lesions larger than 50% of luminal occlusion were considered likely to cause isquemia. Results - The global sensitivity and specificity wore 95% and 75% respectively, with 89% accuracy. Of 43 patients showing obstructive coronary artery disease, there were 2 false negatives. One of 5 false positives had isquemic cardiomyopathy and another a technically difficult exam. The symptoms and side effects in decreasing order of occurence are as follows: palpitation 46%; arrhythmia 24%; mild hypotension 24%; chest pain 8%; hypertension 5%; facial paresthesia 4%; chills 1.8%; nausea 1.8%; headache 1.4%; dispnea 0.4% and severe hypotension 0.4%. Conclusion - Considering the results, the small number of complications and the feasibility, DSE seems to be a safe and promising method for detectingmyocardial isquemia
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ecocardiografia , Isquemia Miocárdica , Dobutamina , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Dobutamina/administração & dosagem , Angiografia CoronáriaRESUMO
Mulher de 49 anos, trinta dias após imobilizaçäo do membro inferior direito, apresentou dispnéia e dor epigástrica súbitas, seguida de síncope. Diagnosticado tromboembolismo pulmonar grave, na ausência de resposta à heparina, administrou-se ativador extrínseco do plasminogênio, por via venosa. Houve rápida melhora das condiçöes hemodinâmicas e a cintilografia pulmonar, realizada 9 dias após, foi normal, ocorrendo alta hospitalar 12 dias após o episódio agudo
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Embolia Pulmonar , Heparina/uso terapêutico , EletrocardiografiaRESUMO
Duzentos e vinte e oito pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio internados antes de seis horas após o início dos sintomas foram submetidos à terapêutica com estreptoquinase aplicada por via venosa. No estudo cineangiográfico realizado em média dois dias após o quadro agudo, 184 (80%) das artérias relacionadas ao infarto estavam recanalizadas e a média da fraçäo de ejeçäo do ventrículo esquerdo foi de 65 + ou - 12, significativamente maior do que o grupo näo recanalizado, cuja média foi de 47 + ou - 10 (< 0,05). Oitenta e três pacientes recanalizados permaneceram em tratamento clínico convencional; 75 foram encaminhados à revascularizaçäo miocárdica e 26 submetidos a angioplastia transluminal. A mortalidade no grupo recanalizado foi de 5,4% e a no grupo näo recanalizado de 15,9%. Considerando a baixa mortalidade hospitalar global média (7,4%), a boa evoluçäo clínica dos doentes e insignificante número de complicaçöes hemorrágicas, sugere-se que a estreptoquinase aplicada por via sistêmica parece constituir um meio terapêutico de valor no tratamento de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, se precocemente atendidos
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estreptoquinase/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Angioplastia com Balão , Revascularização MiocárdicaRESUMO
A mortalidade tardia de 147 pacientes recanalizados, durante infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), após trombólise intracoronária com estreptoquinase (SK), e que tiveram alta hospitalar, foi analisada em seguimento médio de 13,5 meses. No período de internaçäo, além do tratamento trombolítico, foram submetidos à terapêutica complementar [revascularizaçäo miocárdica (RM) ou angioplastia coronária (ACT)] 70,9% dos pacientes. Faleceram 3 pacientes (2%) durante o seguimento e 89,9% permaneciam assintomáticos e em atividade normal. A mortalidade de 2% deste estudo contrasta fortemente com a esperada pela literatura no 1§ ano de evoluçäo dos pacientes que tiveram alta hospitalar após IAM, e sugere que a combinaçäo de SK e uma terapêutica complementar é eficaz para reduzir a mortalidade dos sobreviventes de um infarto agudo do miocárdio