RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is associated with bone microarchitecture alterations, and the depletion of estrogen during menopause is a major contributing factor to its development. The literature highlights the noteworthy role of gut microbiota in bone metabolism, particularly in the progression of osteoporosis. Periodontal disease leads to alveolar bone loss, which may be influenced by estrogen deficiency, and this mechanism is intricately associated with an imbalance in systemic microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) and Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 (L. casei 01) administrations on an osteoporosis animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C-OVX), C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01. All animals were ovariectomized. In groups C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01, the probiotics were administered for 4 months. All animals were euthanized after 16 weeks from ovariectomy. Microtomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted on periodontal tissues, whereas histomorphometry, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on the intestine. The levels of estradiol were assessed in blood using an immunoenzymatic assay. The data were subjected to statistical analyses (p < .05). RESULTS: The C-OVX-LC01 group exhibited a significant reduction in alveolar bone porosity and an increase in connective tissue density compared to C-OVX (p < .05). The C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 groups presented reduced expression of TRAP and RANKL compared to the C-OVX (p < .05). The C-OVX group presented villi defects, mild neutrophil infiltration, decrease in both villous height and intestinal crypts and reduced expression of intestinal junctional epithelium markers e-cadherin and claudin 01 compared to C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 (p < .05). The C-OVX group had lower estradiol levels than C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The probiotic therapy promoted a reduction in alveolar bone destruction and intestinal permeability as well as an increase in estradiol levels in ovariectomized rats. Specifically, the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 exhibited greater effectiveness compared to Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, indicating strain-dependent outcomes.
Assuntos
Estradiol , Osteoporose , Ovariectomia , Probióticos , Animais , Estradiol/sangue , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Ratos , Osteoporose/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lacticaseibacillus casei , Bifidobacterium animalis , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Processo Alveolar/patologia , Intestinos/patologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The NOD-like receptors are cytoplasmic proteins that sense microbial by-products released by invasive bacteria. Although NOD1 and NOD2 are functionally expressed in cells from oral tissues and play a role triggering immune responses, the role of NOD2 receptor in the bone resorption and in the modulation of osteoclastogenesis is still unclear. We show that in an experimental model of periodontitis with Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, NOD2(-/-) mice showed lower bone resorption when compared to wild type. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that wild-type infected mice showed an elevated RANKL/OPG ratio when compared to NOD2(-/-) infected mice. Moreover, the expression of 2 osteoclast activity markers-cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase 9-was significantly lower in gingival tissue from NOD2(-/-) infected mice compared to WT infected ones. The in vitro study reported an increase in the expression of the NOD2 receptor 24 hr after stimulation of hematopoietic bone marrow cells with M-CSF and RANKL. We also evaluated the effect of direct activation of NOD2 receptor on osteoclastogenesis, by the activation of this receptor in preosteoclasts culture, with different concentrations of muramyl dipeptide. The results show no difference in the number of TRAP-positive cells. Although it did not alter the osteoclasts differentiation, the activation of NOD2 receptor led to a significant increase of cathepsin K expression. We confirm that this enzyme was active, since the osteoclasts resorption capacity was enhanced by muramyl dipeptide stimulation, evaluated in osteoassay plate. These results show that the lack of NOD2 receptor impairs the bone resorption, suggesting that NOD2 receptor could contribute to the progression of bone resorption in experimental model of periodontitis. The stimulation of NOD2 by its agonist, muramyl dipeptide, did not affect osteoclastogenesis, but it does favor the bone resorption capacity identified by increased osteoclast activity.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/fisiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiologia , Acetilmuramil-Alanil-Isoglutamina/farmacologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Catepsina K/análise , Contagem de Células , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Gengiva/química , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/farmacologia , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/análise , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/agonistas , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoclastos/patologia , Osteoprotegerina/análise , Ligante RANK/análise , Ligante RANK/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin, which has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, healing among others. The oleoresin was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria related to infections in cutaneous wounds. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Copaiba oleoresin showed antimicrobial activity only against the Gram-positive bacteria with MIC of 200 µg/mL, 400 µg/mL and 1100 µg/mL for S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis, respectively. MBC values were the same as MIC for S. aureus and S. pyogenes and for E. faecalis it was 1200 µg/mL. Considering that infection significantly impairs the wound healing process, we believe that the use of copaiba oleoresin as a component of a topical formulation could be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of infected wounds, mainly in the case of wounds infected by Gram-positive microorganisms.
Este trabalho avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do óleo-resina da Copaifera langsdorffii, o qual vem sendo utilizado há muitos anos na medicina tradicional popular, principalmente devido às suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, antibacterianas, cicatrizante entre outras. O óleo-resina foi testado em bactérias Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) e Gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli) relacionadas com infecções de úlceras cutâneas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelos testes da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). O óleo-resina apresentou atividade antimicrobiana in vitro apenas para as bactérias Gram-positivas, com valores de CIM de 200 µg/mL, 400 µg/mL e 1100 µg/mL para S. aureus, S. pyogenes e E. faecalis, respectivamente. Os valores de CBM foram os mesmos que os valores de MIC para S. aureus e S. pyogenes. O valor de CBM para o microrganismo E. faecalis foi de 1200 µg/mL. Considerando que a presença de infecção significativamente impede o processo normal de cicatrização de úlceras cutâneas, acreditamos que o óleo-resina de copaíba, utilizado como componente de formulações tópicas, poderia ser um adjunto importante no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas infectadas, principalmente nos casos de infecção por microrganismos Gram-positivos.
Assuntos
Óleos de Plantas/análise , Fabaceae/classificação , Cicatrização , Anti-InfecciososRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between halitosis, presence of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) positive activity (indicative of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis) and periodontal conditions in subjects with mental disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population consisted of 17 Down syndrome (DS), 17 mentally retarded (MR) and 17 mentally healthy subjects (MH) - control group. A portable sulfide monitor was used to measure the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) found in the mouth. Clinical parameters [Plaque Index (PlI), Probing Depth (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP)] were obtained from six reference teeth. Subgingival plaque samples for BANA Test were taken from the same six teeth and dorsum of the tongue. RESULTS: PlI and BOP were higher in DS than in MR and MH, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean PD was similar between DS and healthy groups but it was higher than the MR group. No significant differences were found among the three groups regarding the presence of BANA positive species, however the VSC levels were significantly lower in DS (97.23 ppb) than in MR (203.23 ppb) and MH individuals (180.53 ppb). CONCLUSIONS: Even though the presence of BANA positive activity was similar among DS, MR and MH subjects, halitosis seemed to be lower in the DS group.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/complicações , Halitose/complicações , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental , Adolescente , Adulto , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Halitose/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Compostos de Enxofre/análise , Língua/microbiologiaRESUMO
This study evaluates the effect of subgingival irrigation with a 1% chlorhexidine collagen gel in periodontal pockets as an adjunct procedure to scaling and root planing (SRP). Thirty-seven sites with probing depth (PD) of 5-7 mm and BANA positive in 6 patients with chronic periodontal disease were selected. Sites were assigned to different treatment groups consisting of SRP only (group 1), SRP + irrigation with collagen gel (group 2), or SRP + irrigation with collagen gel containing 1% chlorhexidine (group 3). Subgingival irrigation was performed after initial SRP and at 7, 14 and 21 days. Clinical measurements including PD, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival recession (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were performed at the selected sites at baseline, 60 and 90 days and the BANA test was performed on plaque samples from the same sites at baseline and 90 days. There was an improvement in clinical parameters in all groups with a significantly greater decrease in GI and bleeding in the chlorhexidine group. There was a greater reduction of BANA positive sites in groups 2 and 3. The authors concluded that 1% chlorhexidine collagen gel is a promising adjunct to SRP in the treatment of adult periodontitis.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Colágeno/administração & dosagem , Bolsa Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Índice de Placa Dentária , Raspagem Dentária , Feminino , Géis , Retração Gengival/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Periodontal , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Irrigação Terapêutica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 0.05% sodium fluoride solutions containing 2.5% or 12.5% xylitol on the number of Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth. Fifty boys between 8 and 16 years of age participated in this double-blind crossover study. Of the original 50 boys, 33 finished the study. Participants were randomly divided into four groups. The following solutions were employed: placebo solution; 0.05% sodium fluoride solution; 0.05% sodium fluoride + 2.5% xylitol + 2% sorbitol; 0.05% sodium fluoride + 12.5% xylitol + 2% sorbitol. Each solution was used for a 28-day period (20 mL/day, twice a day), with a 10-day washout period between solutions. There were no significant differences (P = 0.32) between the two xylitol-containing solutions (2.5% vs. 12.5%) concerning the number of Streptococcus mutans. However, there was a significant difference between these two xylitol-containing solutions and the sodium fluoride and placebo solutions (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the 0.05% sodium fluoride solutions containing either 2.5% or 12.5% xylitol caused a significant reduction in the number of Streptococcus mutans.
Assuntos
Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Sorbitol/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Xilitol/farmacologia , Adolescente , Criança , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , SoluçõesRESUMO
When periodontal disease started to be considered a bacterial infection mainly mediated by subgingival plaque, the basic problem faced by periodontists was the identification and/or quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria. However, clinical methods continue to be of great value for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. In the present study we show a significant correlation between an index widely used in clinical practice, the Gingival Index of Löe (1967), based on the presence or absence of bleeding on probing, and the methodology of the BANA test for the detection of the specific enzymatic activity of microorganisms involved in periodontal disease. More sensitive and specific clinical parameters, taken together with other microbiologic methods, will be useful in daily clinical practice even before periodontal treatment.
Assuntos
Bactérias/enzimologia , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Índice Periodontal , Periodontite/microbiologia , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Humanos , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether subjects institutionalized with mental retardation have a relationship between periodontal clinical parameters and the presence of the BANA-positive periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalls, Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides forsythus in their subgingival plaques. Fifty institutionalized subjects (25 patients with Down syndrome and 25 subjects with mental retardation) were matched with respect to age and sex. Periodontal clinical parameters (Bleeding on Probing, BOP; Papillary Bleeding Score, PBS; and Probing Depth, PD) were obtained from 6 reference teeth (3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30). In addition, subgingival plaque samples taken from the same 6 teeth were analyzed for the presence of the BANA-positive species, by means of the chairside BANA test. In both the patients with Down syndrome and the group with mental retardation, the presence of BANA-positive plaques was significantly associated with bleeding on probing (p < 0.05) and increased probing depth (p < 0.01, Chi-square). Analysis of these data indicated that the BANA test could be used in combination with clinical criteria to diagnose a periodontopathy anaerobic infection in institutionalized subjects.
Assuntos
Bactérias Anaeróbias/classificação , Síndrome de Down/complicações , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bacteroides/classificação , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Compostos Cromogênicos , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Humanos , Institucionalização , Masculino , Doenças Periodontais/classificação , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Porphyromonas gingivalis/classificação , Treponema/classificaçãoRESUMO
In the present investigation the ability of subgingival plaque to hydrolyze BANA (Perioscan) was correlated with CPITN scores. Among 281 sites investigated, 136 had a CPITN equal to 2 with a highly significant positive BANA value (107 sites). A CPITN equal to 3 was also significantly BANA positive (90 sites). These findings clearly demonstrate the relationship between CPITN and anaerobic microorganisms (BANA positive).
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Índice Periodontal , Adulto , Bactérias Anaeróbias/enzimologia , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The enzymatic test BANA (N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide) was used to analyze the subgingival microbiota of 28 patients aged 26 to 55 years old with a diagnosis of adult periodontitis. Samples were collected with periodontal curettes at 513 sites, with a mean number of sites of 18.3 +/- 8.8 per patient. The results of the BANA test were correlated with the initial measurements of pocket depth. The data showed a statistically significant correlation between increasing probing depth and a positive BANA test. BANA test detected the presence of BANA-positive microorganisms at sites of < 3 mm probing depth in a statistically significant proportion. Negative (BANA 1) and weakly positive (BANA 2) BANA tests were inversely correlated with increasing pocket depth, and positive (BANA 3) BANA tests were directly correlated with increasing pocket depth. On the basis of the presents results, we consider the BANA test to be of practical applicability in periodontal clinical practice and to represent an important auxiliary diagnostic tool for patients with adult periodontitis.
Assuntos
Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the association between children and their mothers (N = 28) for periodontal clinical and microbiological measures. Periodontal clinical parameters (probing depth and bleeding on probing) were obtained from six reference teeth from each mother-child pair. In addition, subgingival plaque samples taken from the same reference teeth were collected and placed on the Perioscan test for the detection of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus. There were statistically significant differences between children and mothers regarding probing depth; there was an overall tendency for mothers to exhibit average probing depths greater than their children. In contrast, if a child had a bleeding site, the respective site on the mother usually also bled on probing, implying that there was an association in terms of bleeding between the mother-child pairs. Similar findings were observed for the Perioscan test. It is concluded that the occurrence of bleeding and periodontal anaerobic infections (as determined by the Perioscan test) were similar in reference teeth of mother-child pairs. These data suggest that parents with periodontal disease may serve as a reservoir of periodontopathic organisms for their children.
Assuntos
Bolsa Periodontal/diagnóstico , Adulto , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Placa Dentária/diagnóstico , Placa Dentária/etiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/etiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodonto/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Treponema/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The antimicrobial action of AXOL was tested against a panel of periodontopathic bacteria, which included Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, Treponema sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The AXOL commercial solution (undiluted) was effective in inhibiting some of the bacteria but not all. The rational for the use of antimicrobials is discussed.