RESUMO
Solanum melongena L. and Capsicum annuum L. were sampled in Argentina to determine the prevalence of fungal diseased aphids. The pathogens identified were Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière & Hennebert) Humber and Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) on aphids from eggplants; and P. neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) on aphids from peppers. The highest fungal prevalence was 45.5% (n=2296) and 98.1% (n=3212) from aphids on eggplants and peppers, respectively. In both crops, significant differences were found on number of infected aphids among developmental stages. P.neoaphidis and E. planchoniana caused epizootics in M. persicae.
Assuntos
Afídeos/microbiologia , Fungos/fisiologia , Solanaceae/parasitologia , Animais , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Varroa destructor is considered one of the major threats for worldwide apiculture. Damage caused by varroa mite includes body weight loss, malformation and weakening of the bees. It was also suggested as the main cause associated with colony winter mortality and as an important vector for several honey bee viruses. Little is known about multiple factors and their interaction affecting V. destructor prevalence in apiaries from South America. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with V. destructor prevalence in east-central Argentina. Parasitic mite infestation level and colony strength measures were evaluated in 63 apiaries distributed in 4 different regions in east-central Argentina in a cross sectional study. Data regarding management practices in each apiary were collected by means of a questionnaire. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was constructed to associate management variables with the risk of achieving mite infestation higher than 3%. Colonies owned by beekeepers who indicated that they did not monitor colonies after mite treatment (OR=2.305; 95% CI: 0.944-5.629) nor disinfect hives woodenware material (OR=2.722; 95% CI: 1.380-5.565) were associated with an increased risk of presenting high intensity infestation with V. destructor (>3%). On the other hand, beekeepers who reported replacing more than 50% of the queens in their operation (OR=0.305; 95% CI: 0.107-0.872), feeding colonies protein substitute containing natural pollen (OR=0.348; 95% CI: 0.129-0.941) and feeding colonies High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) (OR=0.108; 95% CI: 0.032-0.364), had colonies that were less likely to have V. destructor infestations above 3%, than beekeepers who did not report using these management practices. Further research should be conducted considering that certain management practices were associated to mite infestation level in order to improve the sanitary condition in the colonies. Epidemiological studies provide key information to design surveillance programs against one the major threat to worldwide beekeeping.
Assuntos
Criação de Abelhas , Abelhas/parasitologia , Varroidae/fisiologia , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Argentina , Fatores de Risco , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un hombre joven que acudió en febrero de 1992 al hospital Eugenio Espejo con un cuadro de sangrado digestivo alto, Fallecido 48 horas después por choque hipovolemico. La autopsia realizada demostró la presencia de una úlcera activa en la 3ra. porción del duodeno, en cuyo nicho se evidencia la luz de un vaso sanguíneo. Además en el proyecto del intestino delgado se observó la presencia de numerosos pseudo-tumores inflamatorios y la presencia de un pólipo inflamatorio. El Estudio microscópico demostró la presencia de numerosas larvas rabditiformes de stronglydes stercolaris, penetrando incluso la pared de los vasos. Siendo este un hallazgo patológico inusual, a pesar de la endemicidad de las enfermedades parasitarias en nuestro medio, se recomienda que en el diagnóstico diferencial de sangrado digestivo se incluya también esta helmintiasis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Choque , Strongyloides/parasitologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Equador/epidemiologia , Úlcera Duodenal/mortalidadeRESUMO
A true ecto-apyrase (ATP diphosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.5) enzyme was found in the synaptosomal fraction from the electric organ of the electric ray Torpedo marmorata. The activity could not be attributed to the combined action of different enzymes. The pH requirement and calcium dependence were the same for hydrolysis of both substrates ADP and ATP. The enzyme had an apparent Km value of 117 microM for ATP and of 123 microM for ADP. The involvement of nonspecific phosphatases in the hydrolysis of both substrates was excluded. The enzyme hydrolyses almost equally well different nucleoside di- and triphosphates. ATP and ADP hydrolysis was not inhibited by seven ATPase inhibitors, i.e., sodium azide, dinitrophenol, ruthenium red, oligomycin, ouabain, sodium orthovanadate and lanthanum.