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Objective: To evaluate the enamel bonding ability and orthodontic adhesive resin degree of conversion using the experimental bracket design. Material and Methods. Thirteen bovine teeth were used in the study. The experimental bracket was modified with a translucent region in the center of its body. After enamel etching, Orthocem orthodontic adhesive (FGM, Joinville, Brazil) was applied on the bracket base for bonding. The groups were divided as follows (n = 10 per group): (1) control (CB) with standard brackets and (2) spot bracket (SB) with experimental brackets featuring a 0.8 mm translucent region at the center using carbide bur. Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated after 24 hours in a universal testing machine and adhesive remnant index (ARI). The degree of conversion (DC) was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy (n = 3 per group). Data were then analyzed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney statistical methods. Results: The SB group exhibited a higher mean SBS (10.33 MPa) compared to the CB Group (8.77 MPa). However, there was no statistical difference between the groups (p = 0.376). Both SB and CB groups had a mean ARI score of 1. Raman analysis revealed a higher degree of conversion in the SB group (49.3%) compared to the CB group (25.9%). Conclusions: The experimental support showed a higher degree of adhesive conversion, although there was no significant increase in bond strength.

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The Neotropical genus Marma Simon, 1902 is revised. With exception of the holotype of M. femella (Caporiacco, 1955), which was redescribed in previous work, all the other species of the genus were revised based on their types. The type species, M. baeri Simon, 1902, and M. nigritarsis (Simon, 1900) are redescribed based on newly collected specimens. The third and last species presently listed in the World Spider Catalog, M. femella, is confirmed as valid. Two species presently considered synonyms of M. nigritarsis are revalidated: M. rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1941) and M. argentina (Mello-Leitão, 1941). Two species are synonymized: Thysema dorae Mello-Leitão, 1944, syn. nov. with Ocnotelus argentinus Mello-Leitão, 1941 and Paralophostica centralis Soares Camargo, 1948, syn. nov. with Agelista rosea Mello-Leitão, 1941. Pseudoamphidraus variegatus Caporiacco, 1947 and M. trifidocarinata Caporiacco, 1947 are confirmed as synonyms of M. nigritarsis. Six new species from northern/northeastern Brazil are described: M. abaira sp. nov. (♀), M. linae sp. nov. (♂♀), M. pipa sp. nov. (♂♀), M. sinuosa sp. nov. (♂♀), M. spelunca sp. nov. (♂♀) and M. wesolowskae sp. nov. (♂♀). Also, the male of M. argentina is described for the first time. We give new diagnostic illustrations and updated distribution records for all the species of the genus.

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Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 are described from Brazil: A. araripe sp. nov. (♂♀), A. boomerang sp. nov. (♂), A. cornipalpis sp. nov. (♂♀), A. draconitupan sp. nov. (♂♀), A. manauara sp. nov. (♂♀), A. sacrificatus sp. nov. (♂) and A. shenlong sp. nov. (♂). Morphological variation in the male palp of A. draconicaudatus Salgado Ruiz, 2017 and A. caxiuanan Salgado Ruiz, 2017 is discovered and evaluated.

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Inadequate solid waste management leads to contamination of the soil and surface and underground water; the emergence of antibiotic-resistant superbacteria due to the inadequate disposal of medicines in toilets or in household rubbish; and the emission of persistent organic pollutants, such as flame retardants, present in some electrical/electronic equipment. In Brazil, the principles that underpin the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) are consistent with those used by developed countries, namely, the polluter-payer and protector-receiver; cooperation among the different spheres of government, the business sector, and other societal segments; and the shared product life-cycle responsibility (Brasil, 2010a; Novi et al., 2013; Santos et al., 2019). In the latter, selective collection and reverse logistics systems are the primary instruments (Zhang et al., 2011). Thus, the general objective of this work is to compare the technical and economic feasibility of four different sectorial agreements for reverse logistics implemented in Brazil. The specific objective is to describe the possible conflicts of interest of the multistakeholders. The sources of evidence used in this multi-case study were interviews, observations, and documentary research in the period from 2016 to 2018. The first result demonstrated that the economic viability of reverse logistics systems are obtained when the wastes have a commercial value after consumption (packaging and consumer electronics) or when industries organize to charge a fee that covers the costs of recycling and transport (lamps and medicines). The second result shows that there are many stakeholders involved in this process: manufacturers and importers, consumers, private waste and recycling companies, and government represented by municipalities, the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), and state environmental agencies (OEMAs). Each one has different interests and responsibilities: government has to preserve the environment and comply with international agreements on climate change, thus creating laws that ultimately burden companies and cities; profit-maximizing companies evaluate these rules as additional costs in their operations, whereas cities, in which operations are conducted, have low financial and managerial capacity. The stakeholder map reveals that there are overlapping roles among agents, with some being the same for all chains, and the constructed power and level of interest matrix indicates the importance of the process to be conducted by the state to align economic and social-environmental interests.

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Two new species of Neonella Gertsch, 1936 from Brazil are described: N. gyrinus sp. nov. (♂) from Caseara, state of Tocantins, and N. choanocytica sp. nov. (♂♀) from Piracuruca, state of Piauí. Since N. choanocytica is one of the smallest species of jumping spiders, detailed description of its tarsal tuft and spinnerets is given for future comparison. New records of N. salafraria Ruiz and Brescovit, 2004 are provided.

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OBJECTIVES: The antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a gel containing 10 percent Punica granatum Linn extract were evaluated using a 21-day partial-mouth experimental model of gingivitis. METHODS: 23 volunteers participated in this cross-over, double-blind study, carried out in 2 phases of 21 days each. For each period of the experiment, an acrylic toothshield was made for each volunteer to carry the test or placebo gel as well as to avoid brushing of the 4 experimental teeth (posterior teeth in the lower left quadrant). The subjects were randomly assigned to use either the placebo gel (control group) or the test gel (experimental group) and were instructed to brush the remaining teeth normally 3 times a day. On days 0 and 21, the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. RESULTS: The results did not show statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups for either of the indices (VPI and GBI). CONCLUSION: The gel containing 10 percent Punica granatum Linn extract was not efficient in preventing supragingival dental plaque formation and gingivitis.

OBJETIVOS: O efeito antiplaca e antigengivite de um gel contendo extrato de romã a 10 por cento foi avaliado utilizando um modelo de gengivite experimental parcial em humanos. MÉTODOS: 23 indivíduos participaram voluntariamente deste estudo cruzado, duplo-cego, compreendendo dois períodos de 21 dias cada um. Uma moldeira de acrílico foi confeccionada para cada participante, a qual foi utilizada como carreadora dos géis sobre a área a ser avaliada (hemiarco inferior esquerdo). Os sujeitos foram aleatoriamente designados para usar o gel placebo (grupo controle) ou o gel teste (grupo experimental), sendo instruídos a colocar o gel na moldeira e esta sobre os dentes teste, escovando os outros normalmente três vezes ao dia. No dia 0 e dia 21 os índices de placa visível (IPV) e índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) foram registrados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados não demonstraram diferença estatística significante entre os grupos controle e experimental para nenhum dos índices. CONCLUSÕES: O gel contendo extrato de romã a 10 por cento não foi eficiente em evitar a formação de placa bacteriana supragengival e prevenir a inflamação gengival.

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OBJETIVOS: O efeito antiplaca e antigengivite de um gel contendo extrato de romã a 10 por cento foi avaliado utilizando um modelo de gengivite experimental parcial em humanos. MÉTODOS: 23 indivíduos participaram voluntariamente deste estudo cruzado, duplo-cego, compreendendo dois períodos de 21 dias cada um. Uma moldeira de acrílico foi confeccionada para cada participante, a qual foi utilizada como carreadora dos géis sobre a área a ser avaliada (hemiarco inferior esquerdo). Os sujeitos foram aleatoriamente designados para usar o gel placebo (grupo controle) ou o gel teste (grupo experimental), sendo instruídos a colocar o gel na moldeira e esta sobre os dentes teste, escovando os outros normalmente três vezes ao dia. No dia 0 e dia 21 os índices de placa visível (IPV) e índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) foram registrados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados não demonstraram diferença estatística significante entre os grupos controle e experimental para nenhum dos índices. CONCLUSÕES: O gel contendo extrato de romã a 10 por cento não foi eficiente em evitar a formação de placa bacteriana supragengival e prevenir a inflamação gengival

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a gel containing 10% Punica granatum Linn extract were evaluated using a 21-day partial-mouth experimental model of gingivitis. METHODS: 23 volunteers participated in this cross-over, double-blind study, carried out in 2 phases of 21 days each. For each period of the experiment, an acrylic toothshield was made for each volunteer to carry the test or placebo gel as well as to avoid brushing of the 4 experimental teeth (posterior teeth in the lower left quadrant). The subjects were randomly assigned to use either the placebo gel (control group) or the test gel (experimental group) and were instructed to brush the remaining teeth normally 3 times a day. On days 0 and 21, the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. RESULTS: The results did not show statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups for either of the indices (VPI and GBI). CONCLUSION: The gel containing 10% Punica granatum Linn extract was not efficient in preventing supragingival dental plaque formation and gingivitis.