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Monotherapy is the recommended initial treatment for early Parkinson's disease. The pharmacological options for initial treatment include dopaminergic agonists, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, and levodopa formulations. Several factors should be considered when selecting the optimal treatment, such as disease severity, disease duration, age, activity level, and the risk of developing motor and non-motor complications. Early evidence on the potential role of levodopa formulations in the risk of dyskinesia led to levodopa aversion in the late 1990s and early 2000s, favoring the use of levodopa-sparing options like dopamine agonists. This shift resulted in an increase in behavioral adverse effects, such as impulse control disorders, leading to a subsequent dopamine agonist aversion in the mid-2000s. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the existing literature regarding the benefits and drawbacks of levodopa versus levodopa-sparing strategies in drug-naive early-stage Parkinson's disease.
Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos , Agonistas de Dopamina , Levodopa , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Levodopa/administração & dosagem , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Antiparkinsonianos/farmacologia , Antiparkinsonianos/administração & dosagem , Agonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Agonistas de Dopamina/administração & dosagem , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Monotherapy is the recommended initial treatment for early Parkinson´s disease. The pharmacological options for initial treatment include dopaminergic agonists, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, and levodopa formulations. Several factors should be considered when selecting the optimal treatment, such as disease severity, disease duration, age, activity level, and the risk of developing motor and non-motor complications. Early evidence on the potential role of levodopa formulations in the risk of dyskinesia led to levodopa aversion in the late 1990s and early 2000s, favoring the use of levodopa-sparing options like dopamine agonists. This shift resulted in an increase in behavioral adverse effects, such as impulse control disorders, leading to a subsequent dopamine agonist aversion in the mid-2000s. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the existing literature regarding the benefits and drawbacks of levodopa versus levodopa-sparing strategies in drug-naive early-stage Parkinson´s disease.
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There is growing evidence that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to dysregulation of the immune system and, consequently, the development of autoimmune phenomena. Here, we describe the case of a 75-year-old woman with rheumatic manifestations characterized by intense musculoskeletal pain and stiffness in the neck and shoulders, with sudden onset and with the inability to raise her arms. The patient was admitted with severe pain located in the neck and shoulders. Previously, she had oropharyngeal pain, severe fatigue, and fever; a real-time polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 was positive. Two weeks later, the patient presented localized musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulders. Relevant laboratory results included an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 46 mm/hr and a negative rheumatoid factor test; ultrasound findings with bilateral subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis were observed. A diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was initially made according to the EULAR/ACR provisional classification criteria for PMR; however, due to C-reactive protein negativity, the diagnosis was established based on symptoms. Management was with prednisone at the dose of 25 mg/day for 4 weeks and progressive reduction until prednisone suspension. The patient showed complete recovery at 6 months of follow-up. In this case, COVID-19 was implicated in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic manifestations. PMR is a rare rheumatic condition that should be included in the wide range of rheumatologic manifestations expressed post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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BACKGROUND: The association of leptin (LEP) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) genes with the susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been analyzed; however, the epistasis between them has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze the association of LEP and VEGFA variants and their interaction with primary knee OA in a Mexican Mestizo population. METHODS: A case-control study was developed. Cases were ≥40 years, BMI ≤27 kg/m2, with primary knee OA and radiologic Grade ≥2. Controls were participants with no knee OA and a radiologic Grade < 2. The rs2167270 of LEP and rs2010963 of VEGFA were genotyped. Genotypic association was tested under codominant, dominant, and recessive models. Uni- and multi-variate analyses were developed through non-conditional logistic regression. The multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm was developed to detect epistasis. RESULTS: Participants comprised 103 cases and 179 controls. Allelic and genotypic distributions did not show differences between the groups. Notwithstanding, a statistically significant interaction was observed between the LEP and VEGFA genes (p = 0.02) with a testing accuracy of 0.5199 and cross-validation consistency of 10/10. This interaction model confers an increased risk to knee OA (OR [95% CI] = 1.8 [1.1-2.9]). CONCLUSION: Interaction between LEP and VEGFA is related with genetic susceptibility to developing primary knee OA.
Assuntos
Leptina , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Epistasia Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Leptina/genética , México , Osteoartrite do Joelho/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
Multiple cellular components are involved in pathogen-host interaction during viral infection; in this context, the role of miRNAs have become highly relevant. We assessed the expression of selected miRNAs during an in vitro infection of a Salmo salar cell line with Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a severe disease by the same name. Salmon orthologs for miRNAs that regulate antiviral responses were measured using RT-qPCR in an in vitro time-course assay. We observed a modulation of specific miRNAs expression, where ssa-miR-155-5p was differentially over-expressed. Using in silico analysis, we identified the putative mRNA targets for ssa-miR-155-5p, finding a high prevalence of hosts immune response-related genes; moreover, several mRNAs involved in the viral infective process were also identified as targets for this miRNA. Our results suggest a relevant role for miR-155-5p in Salmo salar during an ISAV infection as a regulator of the immune response to the virus.
Assuntos
Isavirus/imunologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Salmo salar/genética , Salmo salar/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa/genética , Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/genética , Rim Cefálico/citologia , Rim Cefálico/virologia , Imunidade Inata/genética , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Salmo salar/virologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens around the world. In the last years, S. enterica serovar Infantis has become an important emerging pathogen in many countries, often as multidrug resistant clones. To understand the importance of S. enterica in the broiler industry in Ecuador, we performed a study based on phenotypic and WGS data of isolates from poultry farms, chicken carcasses and humans. We showed a high prevalence of S. enterica in poultry farms (41.4%) and chicken carcasses (55.5%), but a low prevalence (1.98%) in human samples. S. Infantis was shown to be the most prevalent serovar with a 98.2, 97.8, and 50% in farms, foods, and humans, respectively, presenting multidrug resistant patterns. All sequenced S. Infantis isolates belonged to ST32. For the first time, a pESI-related megaplasmid was identified in Ecuadorian samples. This plasmid contains genes of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and environmental stress tolerance. Genomic analysis showed a low divergence of S. Infantis strains in the three analyzed components. The results from this study provide important information about genetic elements that may help understand the molecular epidemiology of S. Infantis in Ecuador.
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C-Type Lectin Receptors (CTLR) are involved in the activation of innate and adaptative immune responses. Among these receptors, the Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3-Grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN/CD209) has become a hot topic due to its ability to bind and facilitate the infections processes of several pathogens. Although well characterized in mammals, little documentation exists about the receptor in salmonid fishes. Here, we report the sequence and expression analysis of eight DC-SIGN-like genes in Salmo salar. Each receptor displays structural similarities to DC-SIGN molecules described in mammals, including internalization motifs, a neck region with heptad repeats, and a Ca+2-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain. The receptors are expressed in multiple tissues of fish, and fish cell lines, with differential expression upon infection with viral and bacterial pathogens. The identification of DC-SIGN-like receptors in Salmo salar provides new information regarding the structure of the immune system of salmon, potential markers for cell subsets, as well as insights into DC-SIGN conservation across species.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Isavirus/fisiologia , Lectinas Tipo C/genética , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Piscirickettsia/fisiologia , Infecções por Piscirickettsiaceae/imunologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Salmo salar/imunologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Clonagem Molecular , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Imunidade , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , TranscriptomaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: La microfiltración coronal causada por los materiales de restauración temporal es considerada una de las causas del fracaso de los tratamientos endodónticos. A raíz de ello, en los últimos años se ha buscado crear un material de restauración temporal que sea capaz de evitar este problema. Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la microfiltración coronal de un cemento experimental y cuatro materiales de restauración temporal usados en endodoncia. Métodos: Se realizaron cavidades clase I en 90 premolares, divididos en 10 grupos (n= 9) y evaluados en dos periodos de tiempo (1 y 2 semanas). Se realizó la elaboración del cemento experimental, posteriormente se llevó a cabo el sellado coronal de las piezas dentales con el cemento experimental, Clip F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) y Coltosol® F. Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en tinta china (Pelikan) durante 1 y 2 semanas. Se evaluó la microfiltración en la interfase pared dentinaria-restauración temporal utilizando un esteromicroscopio (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ versión 2.0.0). La medición se realizó en milímetros en el programa LAS EZ versión 2.0.0. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) al comparar la microfiltración coronal de los cinco materiales de restauración temporal, según el tiempo de exposición en tinta (1 y 2 semanas). Conclusiones: El cemento experimental presentó menor microfiltración que el Coltosol® F y Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE); sin embargo, ninguno de los cuatro materiales fue capaz de prevenir la microfiltración en su totalidad(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronal microleakage caused by temporary restorative materials is viewed as one of the reasons for endodontic failure. Efforts have been made in recent years to create a temporary restorative material capable of preventing that problem. Objective: Compare in vitro coronal microleakage of an "experimental cement" and four temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. Methods: Class I cavities were made in 90 premolar teeth divided into 10 groups (n= 9) and evaluated at two time periods (1 and 2 weeks). The "experimental cement" was prepared and then coronal sealing of the teeth was performed with the experimental Cement, F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) and Coltosol® F. The pieces were submerged in India ink (Pelikan)for 1 and 2 weeks. Microleakage was evaluated on the interface dentin wall / temporary restoration using a stereo microscope (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ version 2.0.0). Measurement was made in millimeters using the software LAS EZ version 2.0.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.05) when comparing coronal microleakage in the five temporary restorative materials according to exposure time in ink (1 and 2 weeks). Conclusions: The experimental cement had less microleakage than Coltosol® F and Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE). However, none of the four materials was capable of completely preventing microleakage(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Infiltração Dentária/etiologia , Endodontia/métodos , Cemento DentárioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro adherence and viability of 3 bacterial species Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) on the surfaces of dental implants of titanium, zirconium, and their respective fixing screws. METHODS: Two analysis groups were formed: group 1 with 3 titanium pillars and group 2 with 3 zirconium pillars, each with their respective fixing screws. Each of these groups was included in tubes with bacterial cultures of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277). These samples were incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. Bacterial adherence was assessed by measurement of the change in colony-forming units (CFU), and bacterial viability was evaluated with the colorimetric test of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). RESULTS: The bacterial adhesion in the titanium abutments was higher for Streptococcus mutans (190.90 CFU/mL), and the viability was greater in Porphyromonas gingivalis (73.22%). The zirconium abutment group showed the highest adherence with Streptococcus mutans (331.82 CFU/mL) and the highest bacterial viability with the S. sanguinis strain (38.42%). The titanium fixation screws showed the highest adhesion with S. sanguinis (132.5 CFU/mL) compared to the zirconium fixation screws where S. mutans had the highest adhesion (145.5 CFU/mL). The bacterial viability of S. mutans was greater both in the titanium fixation screws and in the zirconium fixation screws 78.04% and 57.38%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that there is in vitro bacterial adherence and viability in both titanium abutments and zirconium abutments and fixation screws for both. Streptococcus mutans is the microorganism that shows the greatest adherence to the surfaces of both titanium and zirconium and the fixing screws of the latter. On the contrary, bacterial viability is greater on the titanium abutments with P. gingivalis than on the zirconium abutments with S. sanguinis. With respect to the fixation screws, in both cases, the viability of S. mutans was greater with respect to the other bacteria. In general, the titanium abutments showed less adherence but greater bacterial viability.
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Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the causative agent of infectious salmon anemia (ISA), a relatively novel disease primarily affecting farmed salmon species, primarily in Salmo salar specimens, causing severe outbreaks in most producer countries. Although ISAV has been extensively studied at the molecular level, not much is known about the host/cell interaction at the small RNA level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA that regulate mRNA expression at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, the putative role of these molecules in host-pathogen interactions has drawn particular attention because of their pivotal involvement as regulatory elements in a number of eukaryotic organisms. Given the importance of the salmon industry in Chile, a deep understanding of the interaction between ISAV and its hosts is of importance. In the present work, we studied the kinetic expression of selected miRNAs during ISAV infection, both in vitro and in vivo. Based on initial experimental data derived from a small RNA-Seq analysis, a group of miRNAs that were differentially expressed in infected cells were selected for analysis. As a result, two miRNAs, miR-462a-5p and miR-125â¯b-5p, showed increased and decreased expression, respectively, during ISAV infection.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/fisiologia , Isavirus/patogenicidade , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/metabolismo , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Salmo salar/metabolismo , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Chile , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/veterinária , Cinética , MicroRNAs/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Salmo salar/virologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Primary Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a multifactorial disease that has an important genetic component, and several genes have been associated with its development. The vitamin D receptor has a role in skeletal metabolism that suggests a relationship with OA. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms in Mexican Mestizo patients. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in which 107 cases with primary OA of the knee and 114 controls were included. Cases were patients > 40 years of age with a Body mass index (BMI) of ≤27 and a radiological score for OA of the knee of ≥2. Controls were subjects > 40 years of age with a radiological score of < 2. VDR polymorphisms rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236 were analyzed by means of restriction endonucleases, and logistic regression was developed to evaluate risk magnitude. RESULTS: A significantly increased risk was found of nearly two-fold for the allele T and TT genotypes of rs731236, independently of other well recognized risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The rs731236 polymorphism is associated with the risk of primary OA of the knee in Mexican Mestizo population.
Assuntos
Osteoartrite do Joelho/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Etnicidade/genética , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , América Latina , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoartrite do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar al método de inactivación del carbapenémico (MIC*) frente a técnicas como el Test de Hodge modificado (THM), ácido 3-aminofenilborónico (APB) y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) tipo KPC. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron 88 aislados clínicos de K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E.coli, S. marcescens, C. freundii sensibles y 91 resistentes a los carbapenémicos. El APB y el método MIC* se realizaron siguiendo las publicaciones originales. El THM se realizó de acuerdo al CLSI 100S Edición 26-2016. El gen blaKPC se identificó por multiplex PCR. Resultados: El MIC* en EPC tipo KPC presentó una sensibilidad/especificidad cercana al 100% y kappa de 1 comparado con la PCR; se observó la ausencia de halo en todas los aislados EPC tipo KPC a diferencia de los aislados sensibles a los cabapenémicos que presentaron halo > 19mm. Se observó el 3 % de resultados falsos positivos y el 5 % de falsos negativos en THM y ABP respectivamente. Discusión y conclusiones: El MIC* y la PCR demuestran superioridad al THM y ABP para identificar carbapenemasas tipo KPC en EPC. Se recomienda su uso de forma rutinaria dentro del algoritmo para la contención de infecciones por este tipo de patógenos.
Objective: To compare the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM *) with the Modified Hodge Test (MHT), the acid 3-aminophenylboronic test(APB) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the blaKPC gene for the identification of KPC carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ECP). Materials and Methods: We selected 88 susceptible and 91 carbapenems resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii. We performed APB and CIM* according to previously published methods and the MHT according to CLSI 100S Edition 26-2016. The blaKPC gene was identified by PCR multiplex. Results: The CIM* had a sensitivity and specificity close to 100% and a kappa score of 1 compared with gold standard PCR. The absence of zone diameter was observed in all isolated KPC producers, unlike in isolates susceptible to carbapenems, where a zone diameter >19mm was observed. Three percent of false positive and five percent of false negative was observed in THM and ABP respectively. Discussion and conclusions: The CIM* and the PCR were better than MHT and ABP at identifying carbapenemases in ECP. We recommend the routine use of the CIM* within the algorithm for ECP infection control.
Assuntos
Humanos , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Tecnologia de Baixo Custo , Inativação de Vírus , EnterobacteriaceaeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (Obs-APS) is one of the most commonly identified causes of recurrent pregnancy loss and its accurate diagnosis is a requirement for optimal treatment. Some patients do not fulfill the revised Sapporo classification criteria, the original APS classification criteria, and are considered to be non-criteria Obs-APS. In these patients with non-criteria, there is controversy about their inclusion within the spectrum of APS and eventually their treatment as having Obs-APS. A subset of patients may also have clinical characteristics of Obs-APS even though lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-ß2-glycoprotein I (aß2GPI) antibodies are consistently negative. These patients are recognized as seronegative Obs-APS. We reviewed evidence of non-criteria Obs-APS and discuss a case of a woman with a diagnosis of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and non-criteria Obs-APS with four consecutive pregnancy losses. After an accurate diagnosis the patient received prenatal counseling and benefited from the optimal treatment of Obs-APS that led to a successful pregnancy. The applicability of this successful experience about outcomes in women with non-criteria, or seronegative, Obs-APS is also evaluated.
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Aborto Habitual/etiologia , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/imunologia , Anticorpos Anticardiolipina/análise , Anticorpos Antifosfolipídeos/análise , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidor de Coagulação do Lúpus/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , Gravidez , beta 2-Glicoproteína I/imunologiaRESUMO
Pregnancy is a condition of special concern due to the need to care for both mother and fetus. One of the main recommendations during this time is weight control. Exceeding weight gain recommendations increases the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, obesity, pre-eclampsia, cesarean delivery, premature birth, neural tube defects, and macrosomia, among others. Thus, weight gain within guidelines decreases the chances of these complications. One recommended way to avoid excess weight gain is to replace sugar for nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), bearing in mind that the sale of these substances, especially sodas and sweets, have increased worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the possible risks and benefits of perigestational consumption of NNS. NNS are widely consumed to substitute sugar and provide a sweet taste without contributing to energy intake; however there are no long-term studies in humans that confirm their safety. A study of the legal regulations of the use of NNS requires ongoing review, especially when it comes to pregnancy, since the statements of different health departments around the world are conflicting.
El embarazo es un momento de especial preocupación debido a que la atención se centra en la salud de la madre y el feto. Una de las recomendaciones para embarazadas es el control de peso. Exceder las recomendaciones sobre el incremento de peso gestacional aumenta el riesgo de padecer diabetes gestacional, hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso, obesidad, pre-eclampsia, parto por cesárea, partos prematuros, defectos del tubo neural, macrosomía, entre otros. Por lo tanto, un incremento de peso adecuado en el embarazo permite evitar estas complicaciones. Algunas de las recomendaciones para evitar el aumento de peso excesivo, es reemplazar la sacarosa por Edulcorantes no nutritivos (ENN), considerando que su consumo, y en especial de bebidas y productos azucarados, se ha incrementado a nivel mundial en los últimos años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la bibliografía disponible en relación a los posibles riesgos y beneficios de consumir ENN en el embarazo. Los ENN son ampliamente consumidos en la población, en reemplazo del azúcar, como una estrategia para el ahorro de calorías extras, sin embargo, su utilización en mujeres embarazadas no cuenta con estudios en humanos a largo plazo que avalen su seguridad. En relación al marco legal que regula el uso de ENN, se requiere de la revisión permanente para actualizar la información en relación a la seguridad de su consumo, especialmente en mujeres embarazadas, ya que al revisar las directrices de ministerios de salud de diversos países en relación a recomendar o no la utilización de ENN son discordantes.
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Humanos , Aspartame , Sacarina , Gravidez , Stevia , Nutrição da Gestante , Adoçantes não Calóricos , GestantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asporin is a novel extracellular matrix protein (ECM) with an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), because it has been reported that functional polymorphisms in the aspartic acid repeat (D) of the asporin gene (ASPN) are associated with susceptibility to OA. AIM: This study was planned to investigate the association of the ASPN polymorphism with primary OA of the knee in a Mexican population, including several countryside regions. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in which 93 cases with primary OA of the knee and 118 controls were included. Cases included patients > 40 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 27 and a radiologic score for OA of the knee of ≥ 2. Controls were subjects > 40 years of age with a radiologic score of < 2. The D repeat polymorphism was genotyped and logistic regression was developed to evaluate risk magnitude. RESULTS: The D14 allele was more common in our cases and was associated with an increased risk for developing OA, while the frequencies of the remaining alleles did not exhibit differences. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the D14 allele of the ASPN polymorphism could exert an influence on primary OA of the knee etiology in a Mexican Mestizo population.
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Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Osteoartrite do Joelho/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Osteoartrite do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoartrite do Joelho/etnologia , Fenótipo , Sequências Repetitivas de Aminoácidos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
High-Level Disinfection (HLD) of endoscopic equipment is a critical process to ensure patient safety. Although commercial tracking software is available, here we demonstrate the successful design and implementation of a HLD tracking system using pre-existing corporate information tools. After a brief development and implementation stage, the HLD unit is successfully tracking the process and are able to create simple visualizations to monitor and improve the existing procedures.
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Desinfecção , Endoscópios , Software , Humanos , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the permanent inflammation of the small bowel, triggered by the ingestion of gluten. It is associated with a number of symptoms, the most common being gastrointestinal. The prevalence of this illness worldwide is 1%. One of the main problems of CD is its difficulty to be diagnosed due to the various presentations of the disease. Besides, in many cases, CD is asymptomatic. Celiac disease is a multifactorial disease, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes are predisposition factors. Nowadays, molecular markers are being studied as diagnostic tools. In this review, we explore CD from its basic concept, manifestations, types, current and future methods of diagnosis, and associated disorders. Before addressing the therapeutic approaches, we also provide a brief overview of CD genetics and treatment.
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Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Ecuador (15.6%). The androgen receptor gene codes for a protein that has an androgenbinding domain, DNAbinding domain and Nterminal domain, which contains two polymorphic trinucleotide repeats (CAG and GGC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether variations in the number of repetitions of CAG and GGC are associated with the pathological features and the risk of developing PC. The polymorphic CAG and GGC repeat lengths in 108 mestizo patients with PC, 148 healthy mestizo individuals, and 78 healthy indigenous individuals were examined via a retrospective casecontrol study. Genotypes were determined by genomic sequencing. The results demonstrated that patients with ≤21 CAG repeats have an increased risk of developing PC [odds ratio (OR)=2.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.795.01; P<0.001]. The presence of ≤21 CAG repeats was also associated with a tumor stage ≥T2c (OR=4.75; 95% CI=1.7712.72; P<0.005) and a Gleason score ≥7 (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.17.66; P=0.03). In addition, the combination of ≤21 CAG and ≥17 GGC repeats was associated with the risk of developing PC (OR=2.42; 95% CI=1.384.25; P=0.002) and with tumor stage ≥T2c (OR=2.77; 95% CI=1.136.79; P=0.02). In conclusion, the histopathological characteristics and PC risk in Ecuadorian indigenous and mestizo populations differs in association with the CAG repeats, and the combination of CAG and GGC repeats.
Assuntos
Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Repetições de Trinucleotídeos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ordem dos Genes , Loci Gênicos , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Razão de Chances , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia. In Ecuador, the number of deaths caused by AD increases each year. Epidemiologically, the Ecuadorian population is composed of a mixture of several genetic backgrounds along with environmental factors, that make it unique and ideal for population studies. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cystatin C (CST3), Cathepsin D (CTSD) and Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) amino acid-altering polymorphisms and their influence on the development of AD in the Ecuadorian population. METHODS: This is a case-control study consisting of 56 patients with AD, from the Department of Neurology at Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital. The control group (n = 55) comprised healthy elderly adults. The inclusion period was from January to August of 2012. Peripheral blood was collected from both groups for DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction and capillary sequencing. RESULTS: There was a positive association between a CTSD polymorphism (Ala224Val) and the development of AD (odds ratio = 8.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.9-85.7; P < 0.025). However, the 3 other polymorphisms investigated did not show significant associations with AD. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in CTSD and MnSOD showed no association with the development of AD, whereas the presence of the Ala224Val polymorphism in CTSD had a positive association with the development of AD.