RESUMO
Introduction Eagle syndrome is a rare and an often misdiagnosed entity in otorhinolaryngology. Objective To determine the efficacy of the surgical treatment for Eagle syndrome. Methods The present prospective study included 25 patients who presented with complaints of pain in the throat, ear, and neck, as well as difficulty and/or pain while swallowing; they were assessed for Eagle syndrome. As per patient profile, we performed a clinical assessments along with orthopantomograms (OPGs), three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Pain was assessed pre- and postoperatively through the Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11), whose score ranges from 0 to 10. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy was performed in cases in which the conservative treatment failed to relieve pain. Results The mean age of the entire study population was of 36.08 ± 7.19 years, and the male-to-female ratio was of 1.08:1. Referred otalgia was the commonest (44%) complaint. Radiologically, out of 25 patients, 20 patients presented elongated styloid processes. The longest symptomatic styloid process measured radiographically was of 64.7 mm while the shortest was of 28.2 mm. Out of 20 patients, 12 underwent surgery. The postoperative pain assessment through the NRS-11 was performed on day 0 (3.83 ± 0.83), day 7 (1.5 ± 0.52), week 4 (0.5 ± 0.52), and week 12 (0.41 ± 0.51). By 12 weeks, 7 patients were symptom-free, while 5 patients still reported mild pain. Conclusion Eagle syndrome associated with an elongated styloid process is not a rarity, but it often goes undiagnosed. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy shows excellent results in the management of patients with Eagle syndrome.
RESUMO
Abstract Introduction Patients with a history of or active COVID-19 infection are predisposed to the development of opportunist bacterial and fungal infections. A rising incidence of a rare occurring fungal infection earlier, called mucormycosis, has been reported in abundance across the globe since March 2021, especially in India just as the second wave of COVID-19 began, caused by the trifecta of hyperglycemia (new-onset or exacerbation of pre-existing diabetes), oxygen therapy (invasive or noninvasive ventilation), and prolonged intake of steroids. Objective The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of post-COVID mucormycosis in males of younger age group and spread of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). Methods A case-control study was performed over a period of 3 months among 60 male patients with confirmed diagnosis of mucormycosis. Individuals < 40 years old were included in the case group (n = 30), while those > 40 years old were included as controls (n = 30). Disease spread was assessed in three types of ROCM, that is, rhinomaxillary, rhino-orbital, and rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Results In the control group, the mean age was 48.47 years old, the mean HbA1c was 10.62 ± 1.88%, with most of them suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis. In the case group, the mean age was 31.57 years old, with a mean HbA1c of 10.11 ± 2.46%, and most patients had rhinomaxillary mucormycosis. The duration of steroid intake and mode of oxygen therapy were found to be significant in the severity of ROCM. Conclusion Rising cases of post-COVID mucormycosis have brought to light the fatal consequences of prolonged use of steroids and oxygen therapy towards the development and spread of ROCM among young and middle-aged males.
RESUMO
Introduction Patients with a history of or active COVID-19 infection are predisposed to the development of opportunist bacterial and fungal infections. A rising incidence of a rare occurring fungal infection earlier, called mucormycosis, has been reported in abundance across the globe since March 2021, especially in India just as the second wave of COVID-19 began, caused by the trifecta of hyperglycemia (new-onset or exacerbation of pre-existing diabetes), oxygen therapy (invasive or noninvasive ventilation), and prolonged intake of steroids. Objective The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of post-COVID mucormycosis in males of younger age group and spread of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). Methods A case-control study was performed over a period of 3 months among 60 male patients with confirmed diagnosis of mucormycosis. Individuals < 40 years old were included in the case group ( n = 30), while those > 40 years old were included as controls ( n = 30). Disease spread was assessed in three types of ROCM, that is, rhinomaxillary, rhino-orbital, and rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Results In the control group, the mean age was 48.47 years old, the mean HbA1c was 10.62 ± 1.88%, with most of them suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis. In the case group, the mean age was 31.57 years old, with a mean HbA1c of 10.11 ± 2.46%, and most patients had rhinomaxillary mucormycosis. The duration of steroid intake and mode of oxygen therapy were found to be significant in the severity of ROCM. Conclusion Rising cases of post-COVID mucormycosis have brought to light the fatal consequences of prolonged use of steroids and oxygen therapy towards the development and spread of ROCM among young and middle-aged males.