RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the glycosylation of chrysin (CHR) enhances its protective effects against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS: To compare the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and behavioral effects of CHR with its glycosylated form (CHR bonded to ß-d-glucose tetraacetate, denoted as LQFM280), we employed an integrated approach using both in vitro (SH-SY5Y cells) and in vivo (aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in Swiss mice) models. KEY FINDINGS: LQFM280 demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than CHR in both models. Specifically, LQFM280 exhibited the ability to exert antioxidant effects in the cytoplasm of SH-SY5Y cells, indicating its competence in traversing neuronal membranes. Remarkably, LQFM280 proved more effective than CHR in recovering memory loss and counteracting neuronal death in the aluminum chloride mice model, suggesting its increased bioavailability at the brain level. CONCLUSIONS: The glycosylation of CHR with ß-d-glucose tetraacetate amplifies its neuroprotective effects, positioning LQFM280 as a promising lead compound for safeguarding against neurodegenerative processes involving oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Neuroblastoma , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Síndromes Neurotóxicas , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Alumínio/toxicidade , Glucose/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/prevenção & controle , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Pt(II) and Pd(II) coordinating N-donor ligands have been extensively studied as anticancer agents after the success of cisplatin. In this work, a novel bidentate N-donor ligand, the N-[[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-2-pyridinemethanamine, was designed to explore the antiparasitic, antiviral and antitumor activity of its Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes. Chemical and spectroscopic characterization confirm the formation of [MLCl2 ] complexes, where M=Pt(II) and Pd(II). Single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed a square-planar geometry for the Pd(II) complex. Spectroscopic characterization of the Pt(II) complex suggests a similar structure. 1 H NMR, 195 Pt NMR and HR-ESI-MS(+) analysis of DMSO solution of complexes indicated that both compounds exchange the chloride trans to the pyridine for a solvent molecule with different reaction rates. The ligand and the two complexes were tested for inâ vitro antitumoral, antileishmanial, and antiviral activity. The Pt(II) complex resulted in a GI50 of 10.5â µM against the NCI/ADR-RES (multidrug-resistant ovarian carcinoma) cell line. The ligand and the Pd(II) complex showed good anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with around 65 % reduction in viral replication at a concentration of 50â µM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Platina/farmacologia , Platina/química , Ligantes , Cisplatino , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Paládio/farmacologia , Paládio/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
This study employs electrochemical and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation approaches to investigate the potential of a novel analogue of trimetozine (TMZ) antioxidant profile. The correlation between oxidative stress and psychological disorders indicates that antioxidants may be an effective alternative treatment option. Butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant widely used in industry. The BHT-TMZ compound derived from molecular hybridization, known as LQFM289, has shown promising results in early trials, and this study aims to elucidate its electrochemical properties to further support its potential as a therapeutic agent. The electrochemical behavior of LQFM289 was investigated using voltammetry and a mechanism for the redox process was proposed based on the compound's behavior. LQFM289 exhibits two distinct oxidation peaks: the first peak, Ep1a ≈ 0.49, corresponds to the oxidation of the phenolic fraction (BHT), and the second peak, Ep2a ≈ 1.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KClsat), denotes the oxidation of the amino group from morpholine. Electroanalysis was used to identify the redox potentials of the compound, providing insight into its reactivity and stability in different environments. A redox mechanism was proposed based on the resulting peak potentials. The DFT calculation elucidates the electronic structure of LQFM289, resembling the precursors of molecular hybridization (BHT and TMZ), which may also dictate the pharmacophoric performance.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Morfolinas , Antioxidantes/química , Oxirredução , AnsiedadeRESUMO
Weakening environmental laws supported by disinformation are currently of concern in Brazil. An example of disinformation is the case of the "firefighter cattle". Supporters of this idea believe that by consuming organic mass, cattle decrease the risk of fire in natural ecosystems. This statement was cited by a member of the Bolsonaro government in response to the unprecedented 2020 fires in the Pantanal, as well as in support of a new law that enables extensive livestock in protected areas of this biome. By suggesting that grazing benefits the ecosystem, the "firefighter cattle" argument supports the interests of agribusiness. However, it ignores the real costs of livestock production on biodiversity. We analysed the social repercussion of the "firefighter cattle" by analysing public reactions to YouTube, Facebook, and Google News posts. These videos and articles and the responses to them either agreed or disagreed with the "firefighter cattle". Supportive posts were shared more on social media and triggered more interactions than critical posts. Even though many netizens disagreed with the idea of "firefighter cattle", it has gone viral, and was used as a tool to strengthen anti-environmental policies. We advocate that government institutions should use resources and guidelines provided by the scientific community to raise awareness. These materials include international reports produced by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We need to curb pseudoscience and misinformation in political discourse, avoiding misconceptions that threaten natural resources and confuse global society.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Mídias Sociais , Animais , Bovinos , Brasil , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Política AmbientalRESUMO
Abstract On four occasions, the golden dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) was recorded following the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) in a clearwater river of Midwest Brazil. These observations were considered as an indirect evidence of a following association known as "nuclear-follower feeding association", a condition in which the follower approach the nuclear when it somehow disturbs the substrate and form sediment clouds while foraging, taking the opportunity to feed during this situation. However, no direct observations of golden dorados getting some benefit from the activity of the green anacondas to feed were made. Nevertheless, as there is a varied list of vertebrates considered as nuclear species in the clearwater rivers of Midwest Brazil, it is to be expected that future observations may provide unusual information about nuclear-follower feeding association between fish and snakes in the Neotropics.
Resumo Em quatro ocasiões, o dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) foi registrado seguindo a sucuri-verde (Eunectes murinus) em um rio de águas claras do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Essas interações foram consideradas como uma evidência indireta de uma associação de seguidor conhecida como "associação de alimentação nuclear-seguidor", uma condição na qual o seguidor se aproxima da espécie nuclear quando esta de alguma forma perturba o substrato e/ou forma nuvens de sedimentos enquanto forrageia, aproveitando a oportunidade para se alimentar durante essa situação. No entanto, observações diretas de dourados obtendo algum benefício da atividade das sucuris para se alimentar não foram feitas. No entanto, como há uma lista variada de vertebrados considerados como espécies nucleares nos rios de águas claras do Centro-Oeste do Brasil, é de se esperar que observações futuras possam fornecer informações incomuns sobre associações do tipo "nuclear-seguidor" entre peixes e serpentes na região Neotropical.
RESUMO
Five novel Eu(III)-ß-diketonate complexes containing ruthenocene ancillary ligands (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)ruthenoceneâRcBPO) were synthesized and characterized. The coordination compounds presented the general formula [Eu(ß-dik)3(RcBPO)], where ß-dik stands for 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (tta), 3-benzoyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone (btf), 2-dibenzoylmethanate (dbm), 2-acetyl-1,3-indandionate (aind), and 2-benzoyl-1,3-indandionate (bind), and RcBPO stands for 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)ruthenocene. The [Eu(aind)3(RcBPO)] complex crystallizes in a monoclinic Cc non-centrosymmetric space group with the europium site environment, assuming a bicapped trigonal prism coordination polyhedron with the symmetry point group close to C2v. Photoluminescent properties for the solid-state samples were described in terms of excitation, emission, lifetime decay curves, and intrinsic and overall quantum yields. The replacement of the two coordinated H2O molecules by the RcBPO ancillary ligand leads to great enhancements of the overall quantum yields (QEuL), with the minimum increment by a factor of 5 for the case of [Eu(btf)3(RcBPO)] and the maximum enhancement of 270 times for the case of the [Eu(dbm)3(RcBPO)] complex. In addition, theoretical calculations were carried out to model the spectroscopic properties of the investigated compounds. To obtain theoretical Judd-Ofelt parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4, and 6) and intramolecular energy transfer rates, the JOYSpectra web platform was employed using the structure obtained from density functional theory calculations. Hence, a rate equation model provided theoretical overall quantum yields, which are in great agreement with measured data.
RESUMO
LQFM219 is a molecule designed from celecoxibe (COX-2 inhibitor) and darbufelone (inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX) lead compounds through a molecular hybridisation strategy. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of this new hybrid compound. The acute oral systemic toxicity of LQFM219 was evaluated via the neutral red uptake assay. Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia were performed to evaluate the antinociceptive activity, and the anti-oedematogenic activity was studied by CFA-induced paw oedema and croton oil-induced ear oedema. Moreover, the acute anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan-induced pleurisy. In addition, cell migration, myeloperoxidase enzyme activity, and TNF-α and IL-1ß levels were determined in pleural exudate. Moreover, a redox assay was conducted using electroanalytical and DPPH methods. The results demonstrated that LQFM219 was classified as GHS category 4, and it showed better free radical scavenger activity compared to BHT. Besides, LQFM219 decreased the number of writhings induced by acetic acid and the response to the mechanical stimulus in the CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test. Furthermore, LQFM219 reduced oedema formation, cell migration, and IL-1ß and TNF-α levels in the pleural cavity and inhibited myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. Thus, our study provides that the new pyrazole derivative, LQFM219, demonstrated low toxicity, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro and in vivo.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Acético , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Células 3T3 BALB , Carragenina , Óleo de Cróton , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Adjuvante de Freund , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Estimulação Física , Pleura/imunologia , Pleurisia/induzido quimicamente , Pleurisia/tratamento farmacológico , Pleurisia/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Twelve multi-functional pyrrolizidinones, indolizidinones and pyrroliazepinones were prepared from formal aza-[3 + 2] and aza-[3 + 3] cycloadditions of five- to seven-membered heterocyclic enaminones as diverse ambident electrophiles. The antitumor activity of these alkaloid-like compounds was investigated through an initial screening performed on human glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cell lines (GL-15, U251), on murine glioma cells line (C6) and on normal glial cells. Of the compounds tested, the new pyrrolo[1,2a]azepinone, [ethyl (3-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2a]azepin-9a(5H)-yl)acetate] or (Compound-13) exhibited selective cytotoxic effects on GBM-temozolomide resistant cells. Compound-13 exerted dose-dependent cytotoxic activity by promoting arrest of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in the first 24 h. The apoptotic effect observed was in a time-dependent manner. Anti-migratory effect promoted by the treatment with compound-13 was also observed. Moreover, healthy mixed glial cell cultures from rat brain exhibited no cytotoxicity effect upon exposure to compound-13. Thus, the present study paves the way for the use of compound-13 as novel antitumor scaffold candidate for glioma cell therapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Compostos Azabicíclicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Desenho de Fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ratos Wistar , Temozolomida/farmacologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Species interactions can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Despite previous efforts to describe fish interactions in tropical rivers, the role of habitat characteristics, community structure, and trophic traits over these interactions is still poorly understood. To investigate among-habitat variation in substratum feeding pressure and agonistic interactions between fishes, we used remote underwater videos in three habitats of a clearwater river in the Central Western, Brazil. We also performed visual surveys to estimate the abundance and biomass of fishes and proposed a trophic classification to understand how these variables can affect fish interactions. Community structure was the main factor affecting the variation in the interactions among the habitats. Biomass was the main variable determining which habitat a fish will feed on, while species abundance determined with how many other species it will interact in the agonistic interaction networks for each habitat. Specific habitats are not only occupied, but also used in distinct ways by the fish community. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the heterogeneity of habitats in tropical rivers for the interactions performed by the fishes and how the intensity of these interactions is affected by community structure.(AU)
Interações realizadas por peixes podem modular a diversidade e assegurar a estabilidade de comunidades em rios tropicais. Apesar dessa importância, poucos estudos relacionam as interações ecológicas com as características do habitat, estrutura da comunidade e atributos das espécies de peixes. Por meio de filmagens remotas subaquáticas nós verificamos como a pressão alimentar dos peixes sobre a comunidade bentônica e as interações agonísticas entre peixes são influenciadas por essas características do habitat e da comunidade em um rio tropical de água clara na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Também realizamos censos visuais para estimar a abundância e a biomassa dos peixes e propusemos uma classificação funcional para entender como essas variáveis podem afetar as interações dos peixes. A estrutura da comunidade foi o principal fator que afetou a variação nas interações entre os habitats. A biomassa dos peixes determinou em qual hábitat um peixe se alimentará, enquanto a abundância das espécies determinou com quantas outras espécies elas interagem nas redes de interações agonísticas de cada habitat. Habitats específicos não são apenas ocupados, mas também utilizados de maneiras distintas pela comunidade de peixes. Nossos resultados demonstram a importância da heterogeneidade de habitats para as interações realizadas pelos peixes em rios tropicais e como a intensidade dessas interações é afetada pela estrutura da comunidade.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ecossistema , Métodos de Alimentação/veterinária , Peixes/classificação , CharacidaeRESUMO
Species interactions can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Despite previous efforts to describe fish interactions in tropical rivers, the role of habitat characteristics, community structure, and trophic traits over these interactions is still poorly understood. To investigate among-habitat variation in substratum feeding pressure and agonistic interactions between fishes, we used remote underwater videos in three habitats of a clearwater river in the Central Western, Brazil. We also performed visual surveys to estimate the abundance and biomass of fishes and proposed a trophic classification to understand how these variables can affect fish interactions. Community structure was the main factor affecting the variation in the interactions among the habitats. Biomass was the main variable determining which habitat a fish will feed on, while species abundance determined with how many other species it will interact in the agonistic interaction networks for each habitat. Specific habitats are not only occupied, but also used in distinct ways by the fish community. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the heterogeneity of habitats in tropical rivers for the interactions performed by the fishes and how the intensity of these interactions is affected by community structure.(AU)
Interações realizadas por peixes podem modular a diversidade e assegurar a estabilidade de comunidades em rios tropicais. Apesar dessa importância, poucos estudos relacionam as interações ecológicas com as características do habitat, estrutura da comunidade e atributos das espécies de peixes. Por meio de filmagens remotas subaquáticas nós verificamos como a pressão alimentar dos peixes sobre a comunidade bentônica e as interações agonísticas entre peixes são influenciadas por essas características do habitat e da comunidade em um rio tropical de água clara na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Também realizamos censos visuais para estimar a abundância e a biomassa dos peixes e propusemos uma classificação funcional para entender como essas variáveis podem afetar as interações dos peixes. A estrutura da comunidade foi o principal fator que afetou a variação nas interações entre os habitats. A biomassa dos peixes determinou em qual hábitat um peixe se alimentará, enquanto a abundância das espécies determinou com quantas outras espécies elas interagem nas redes de interações agonísticas de cada habitat. Habitats específicos não são apenas ocupados, mas também utilizados de maneiras distintas pela comunidade de peixes. Nossos resultados demonstram a importância da heterogeneidade de habitats para as interações realizadas pelos peixes em rios tropicais e como a intensidade dessas interações é afetada pela estrutura da comunidade.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ecossistema , Métodos de Alimentação/veterinária , Peixes/classificação , CharacidaeRESUMO
A domesticação alterou significativamente a capacidade cognitiva dos cães e permitiu que certos comportamentos sociais fossem selecionados e garantissem uma grande variação de possibilidades na organização e interação social destes animais. Juntamente com o diferencial de um ambiente compartilhado com a espécie humana, e diante do crescente interesse científico em compreender a cognição canina, vários modelos teóricos têm sido utilizados para respaldar a dinâmica da organização social canina, incluindo nossa relação com eles. Desde os primeiros modelos estabelecidos pela Etologia, inspirados na teoria transicional, até o modelo de hierarquia de dominância, as atuais tentativas de explicar a complexidade social canina parecem distantes de solucionar ou equalizar o que as evidências científicas vêm demonstrando sobre esta espécie em termos sociais. Mesmo após a desconstrução dos modelos de dominância, até o surgimento de alternativas teóricas, a emergência de teorias que possam formular uma nova visão que atenda a complexidade social dos cães é necessária Diante disso, este artigo propôs uma discussão da organização social canina na perspectiva do Behaviorismo Radical de Skinner, para a construção de um modelo denominado contingencial. Tal modelo pressupõe a capacidade múltipla dos cães em adaptar-se ao ambiente social partilhado com o homem e a partir da teoria Comportamental estabelecer as bases das dinâmicas sociais envolvendo a organização intra e interespécie por meio das habilidades sociais que irão compor os efeitos contingenciais sociais.(AU)
Domestication significantly altered the dogs' cognitive ability and allowed certain social behaviors to be selected and guaranteed a wide range of possibilities in the organization and social interaction of these animals. Along with the differential of an environment shared with the human species, and given the growing scientific interest in understanding canine cognition, several theoretical models have been used to support the dynamics of canine social organization, including our relationship with them. From the first models established by Ethology, inspired by the transitional theory, to the hierarchy model of dominance, current attempts to explain canine social complexity seem far from solving or equalizing what scientific evidence has been demonstrating about this species in social terms. Even after the deconstruction of dominance models, until the emergence of theoretical alternatives, the emergence of theories that can formulate a new vision that meets the social complexity of dogs is necessary. In view of this, this article proposed a discussion of the canine social organization from the perspective of Skinner's Radical Behaviorism, for the construction of a model called contingency. Such a model presupposes the multiple ability of dogs to adapt to the social environment shared with man and, based on Behavioral Theory, to establish the bases of social dynamics involving intra and interspecies organization through the social skills that will compose the contingent social effects.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Comportamento Animal , Animais Domésticos , Organização Social , Habilidades SociaisRESUMO
Diante de uma crescente preocupação com a compreensão da etologia canina e dos processos em educação e treinamento de cães, uma demanda emergente reflete o desejo das pessoas em melhorias na qualidade das interações sociais interespecíficas. Campos científicos como a Etologia e a Psicologia Comportamental, ganham destaque na orientação e construção de conhecimento, assim como nos métodos de intervenção, visando bem-estar e qualidade social nas famílias multiespécies. Dentre as correntes cientificas que dão base a este cenário, em especial, a abordagem Behaviorista é predominante no cenário atual. Conceitos elementares da teoria de Skinner e do Comportamento Operante como Reforçamento e Controle Aversivo são constantemente discutidos e aplicados nos processos de educação canina e em contextos clínico comportamental. Porém, discordâncias teóricas e metodológicas são cada vez mais visíveis, polarizando opiniões e práticas. Diante do exposto, este artigo volta-se às críticas da teoria de Skinner em termos de Controle Aversivo nas práticas envolvendo educação e clínica comportamental de cães.(AU)
Faced with a growing concern with the understanding of canine ethology and processes in education and training, an emerging demand reflects people's desire for improvements in the quality of interspecific social interactions. Scientific fields such as Ethology and Behavioral Psychology have gained prominence in the orientation and construction of knowledge, as well as in intervention methods, aiming for social welfare and quality in multispecies families. Among the scientific currents that give basis to this scenario, in particular, the Behaviorist approach is predominant in the current scenario. Elementary concepts of Skinner's theory and Operant Behavior such as Reinforcement and Aversive Control are constantly discussed and applied in canine education processes and clinical behavioral contexts. However, theoretical and methodological disagreements are increasingly visible, polarizing opinions and practices. In the light of the above, this discussion turns to the critics of Skinner's theory in terms of Aversive Control in the practices involving education and behavioral clinic of dogs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Comportamento Animal , Animais de Estimação , Esquema de Reforço , PuniçãoRESUMO
Diante de uma crescente preocupação com a compreensão da etologia canina e dos processos em educação e treinamento de cães, uma demanda emergente reflete o desejo das pessoas em melhorias na qualidade das interações sociais interespecíficas. Campos científicos como a Etologia e a Psicologia Comportamental, ganham destaque na orientação e construção de conhecimento, assim como nos métodos de intervenção, visando bem-estar e qualidade social nas famílias multiespécies. Dentre as correntes cientificas que dão base a este cenário, em especial, a abordagem Behaviorista é predominante no cenário atual. Conceitos elementares da teoria de Skinner e do Comportamento Operante como Reforçamento e Controle Aversivo são constantemente discutidos e aplicados nos processos de educação canina e em contextos clínico comportamental. Porém, discordâncias teóricas e metodológicas são cada vez mais visíveis, polarizando opiniões e práticas. Diante do exposto, este artigo volta-se às críticas da teoria de Skinner em termos de Controle Aversivo nas práticas envolvendo educação e clínica comportamental de cães.
Faced with a growing concern with the understanding of canine ethology and processes in education and training, an emerging demand reflects people's desire for improvements in the quality of interspecific social interactions. Scientific fields such as Ethology and Behavioral Psychology have gained prominence in the orientation and construction of knowledge, as well as in intervention methods, aiming for social welfare and quality in multispecies families. Among the scientific currents that give basis to this scenario, in particular, the Behaviorist approach is predominant in the current scenario. Elementary concepts of Skinner's theory and Operant Behavior such as Reinforcement and Aversive Control are constantly discussed and applied in canine education processes and clinical behavioral contexts. However, theoretical and methodological disagreements are increasingly visible, polarizing opinions and practices. In the light of the above, this discussion turns to the critics of Skinner's theory in terms of Aversive Control in the practices involving education and behavioral clinic of dogs.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Animais de Estimação , Comportamento Animal , Esquema de Reforço , PuniçãoRESUMO
A domesticação alterou significativamente a capacidade cognitiva dos cães e permitiu que certos comportamentos sociais fossem selecionados e garantissem uma grande variação de possibilidades na organização e interação social destes animais. Juntamente com o diferencial de um ambiente compartilhado com a espécie humana, e diante do crescente interesse científico em compreender a cognição canina, vários modelos teóricos têm sido utilizados para respaldar a dinâmica da organização social canina, incluindo nossa relação com eles. Desde os primeiros modelos estabelecidos pela Etologia, inspirados na teoria transicional, até o modelo de hierarquia de dominância, as atuais tentativas de explicar a complexidade social canina parecem distantes de solucionar ou equalizar o que as evidências científicas vêm demonstrando sobre esta espécie em termos sociais. Mesmo após a desconstrução dos modelos de dominância, até o surgimento de alternativas teóricas, a emergência de teorias que possam formular uma nova visão que atenda a complexidade social dos cães é necessária Diante disso, este artigo propôs uma discussão da organização social canina na perspectiva do Behaviorismo Radical de Skinner, para a construção de um modelo denominado contingencial. Tal modelo pressupõe a capacidade múltipla dos cães em adaptar-se ao ambiente social partilhado com o homem e a partir da teoria Comportamental estabelecer as bases das dinâmicas sociais envolvendo a organização intra e interespécie por meio das habilidades sociais que irão compor os efeitos contingenciais sociais.
Domestication significantly altered the dogs' cognitive ability and allowed certain social behaviors to be selected and guaranteed a wide range of possibilities in the organization and social interaction of these animals. Along with the differential of an environment shared with the human species, and given the growing scientific interest in understanding canine cognition, several theoretical models have been used to support the dynamics of canine social organization, including our relationship with them. From the first models established by Ethology, inspired by the transitional theory, to the hierarchy model of dominance, current attempts to explain canine social complexity seem far from solving or equalizing what scientific evidence has been demonstrating about this species in social terms. Even after the deconstruction of dominance models, until the emergence of theoretical alternatives, the emergence of theories that can formulate a new vision that meets the social complexity of dogs is necessary. In view of this, this article proposed a discussion of the canine social organization from the perspective of Skinner's Radical Behaviorism, for the construction of a model called contingency. Such a model presupposes the multiple ability of dogs to adapt to the social environment shared with man and, based on Behavioral Theory, to establish the bases of social dynamics involving intra and interspecies organization through the social skills that will compose the contingent social effects.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Animais Domésticos , Comportamento Animal , Habilidades Sociais , Organização SocialRESUMO
Abstract: A new foraging tactic for the pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, is described from underwater observations performed in a coastal stream of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Named "shift picking", the foraging tactic involved the manoeuvering of leaves, wood twigs and tree bark present in the substrate, with fish using its mouth to turn objects and uncover macroinvertebrates adhered to the underside of the object being picked ("B-side"). The object-shifting behaviour is rarely reported for fish and the present description seems to be the first record for a freshwater species of South America.
Resumo: Uma nova tática de forrageamento do acará, Geophagus brasiliensis, é descrita a partir de observações subaquáticas realizadas em um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica, Sudeste do Brasil. Chamada de "virar para pegar", a tática de forrageamento envolve o movimento de folhas, galhos e cascas de árvores presentes no substrato, com os peixes usando a boca para virar objetos e expor macroinvertebrados aderidos à parte de baixo dos objetos explorados ("lado B"). O comportamento de mover objetos é raramente relatado e o presente trabalho parece ser o primeiro registro para uma espécie de água doce da América do Sul.
RESUMO
To describe the arthroscopic surgical technique for subspine impingement (SSI) of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) associated with mixed type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), through two standard arthroscopic portals (anterolateral and distal mid-anterior) in two patients with trifocal impingement. The authors report the cases of two young male patients, aged 32 and 36 years old, with trifocal femoropelvic impingement (TFPI). The technique consists of segmental capsulectomy, arthroscopic dissection of the AIIS, partial release of the direct head of the rectus femoris, resection of the AIIS projection with a burr and with fluoroscopic aid, correction of the pincer deformity, repair of the labrum with bioabsorbable anchors, and femoral osteoplasty. Details of the diagnostic workup and of the surgical technique are provided and discussed. In these cases, full range of motion was regained after surgery, as well as complete relief of pain, which was sustained in the last follow-up, one year post-operatively. Radiographs show adequate correction of the deformities in all three impingement sites. Simultaneous correction of the three sites (cam, pincer, and subspinal) provided full relief of symptoms and allowed return to work and sports. The authors propose that when approaching the symptomatic SSI, the possibility of concomitant FAI should always be considered and, in those cases, the approach must be comprehensive.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a abordagem cirúrgica artroscópica do impacto subespinhal (ISE) da espinha ilíaca anteroinferior (EIAI) associado ao impacto femoroacetabular (IFA) misto, por meio de dois portais artroscópicos padrão (anterolateral e medioanterior distal) em pacientes com impacto trifocal. Os autores relatam os casos de dois pacientes do sexo masculino, de 32 e 36 anos, com impacto femoropelvico trifocal (IFPT). A técnica consiste na ressecção segmentar da cápsula, dissecção artroscópica da EIAI com liberação parcial do reto femoral, osteoplastia com ressecção da proeminência com lâmina óssea e auxílio radioscópico, correção do pincer, reparo da lesão condrolabial com âncoras e osteoplastia femoral. Detalhes sobre o diagnóstico e a técnica são apresentados e discutidos. Nos casos operados, foi observada recuperação do arco de movimento normal do quadril e ausência de dor, que se mantiveram por um ano pós-operatório. Radiografias demonstram boa correção dos três focos de impacto em ambos os pacientes. A simultânea correção do IFPT nos seus três componentes (came, pincer e subespinhal) promoveu alívio completo dos sintomas e o retorno ao trabalho e aos esportes. Propõe-se que, na abordagem do ISE sintomático, sempre seja considerada a possibilidade da presença de IFA associado; nesses casos, a abordagem deve ser completa.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT To describe the arthroscopic surgical technique for subspine impingement (SSI) of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) associated with mixed type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), through two standard arthroscopic portals (anterolateral and distal mid-anterior) in two patients with trifocal impingement. The authors report the cases of two young male patients, aged 32 and 36 years old, with trifocal femoropelvic impingement (TFPI). The technique consists of segmental capsulectomy, arthroscopic dissection of the AIIS, partial release of the direct head of the rectus femoris, resection of the AIIS projection with a burr and with fluoroscopic aid, correction of the pincer deformity, repair of the labrum with bioabsorbable anchors, and femoral osteoplasty. Details of the diagnostic workup and of the surgical technique are provided and discussed. In these cases, full range of motion was regained after surgery, as well as complete relief of pain, which was sustained in the last follow-up, one year post-operatively. Radiographs show adequate correction of the deformities in all three impingement sites. Simultaneous correction of the three sites (cam, pincer, and subspinal) provided full relief of symptoms and allowed return to work and sports. The authors propose that when approaching the symptomatic SSI, the possibility of concomitant FAI should always be considered and, in those cases, the approach must be comprehensive.
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a abordagem cirúrgica artroscópica do impacto subespinhal (ISE) da espinha ilíaca anteroinferior (EIAI) associado ao impacto femoroacetabular (IFA) misto, por meio de dois portais artroscópicos padrão (anterolateral e medioanterior distal) em pacientes com impacto trifocal. Os autores relatam os casos de dois pacientes do sexo masculino, de 32 e 36 anos, com impacto femoropelvico trifocal (IFPT). A técnica consiste na ressecção segmentar da cápsula, dissecção artroscópica da EIAI com liberação parcial do reto femoral, osteoplastia com ressecção da proeminência com lâmina óssea e auxílio radioscópico, correção do pincer, reparo da lesão condrolabial com âncoras e osteoplastia femoral. Detalhes sobre o diagnóstico e a técnica são apresentados e discutidos. Nos casos operados, foi observada recuperação do arco de movimento normal do quadril e ausência de dor, que se mantiveram por um ano pós-operatório. Radiografias demonstram boa correção dos três focos de impacto em ambos os pacientes. A simultânea correção do IFPT nos seus três componentes (came, pincer e subespinhal) promoveu alívio completo dos sintomas e o retorno ao trabalho e aos esportes. Propõe-se que, na abordagem do ISE sintomático, sempre seja considerada a possibilidade da presença de IFA associado; nesses casos, a abordagem deve ser completa.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Artroscopia , Deformidades Articulares Adquiridas , Lesões do Quadril , Impacto Femoroacetabular , Articulação do QuadrilRESUMO
AIMS: This study reports the biological properties of LQFM030 in vivo, a molecular simplification of the compound nutlin-1. MAIN METHODS: Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT)-bearing mice were treated intraperitoneally with LQFM030 (50, 75 or 150mg/kg) for 10days to determine changes in ascites tumor volume, body weight, cytotoxicity and angiogenesis. Moreover, flow cytometric expression of p53 and p21 proteins and caspase-3/7, -8 and -9 activation were investigated in EAT cells from mice treated. Acute oral systemic toxicity potential of LQFM030 in mice was also investigated using an alternative method. KEY FINDINGS: Treatment of EAT-bearing mice with LQFM030 resulted in a marked decline in tumor cell proliferation and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels along with enhanced survival of the mice. Apoptotic tumor cell death was detected through p53 and p21 modulation and increase of caspase-3/7, -8 and -9 activity. LQFM030 also showed orally well tolerated, being classified in the UN GHS category 5 (LD50>2000-5000mg/Kg). SIGNIFICANCE: LQFM030 seems to be a promising antitumor candidate for combinatory therapy with typical cytotoxic compounds, reducing the toxicity burden while allowing a superior anticancer activity. Moreover, these data also open new perspectives for LQFM030 as an antiangiogenic agent for treatment of diseases involving VEGF overexpression.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Inibidores da Angiogênese/toxicidade , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Caspases/biossíntese , Feminino , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Proteína Oncogênica p21(ras)/biossíntese , Proteína Oncogênica p21(ras)/genética , Piperidinas/toxicidade , Pirazóis/toxicidade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
This study shows the design, synthesis and antitumoral potential evaluation of a novel chalcone-like compound, (E)-3- (3, 5-di-ter-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one [LQFM064) (4)], against human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells. Some toxicological parameters were also investigated. LQFM064) (4) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cells (IC50=21µM), in a concentration dependent-manner, and triggered significant changes in cell morphology and biochemical/molecular parameters, which are suggestive of an apoptosis inductor. LQFM064) (4) (21µM) induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase with increased p53 and p21 expressions. It was also shown that the compound (4) did not interfere directly in p53/MDM2 complexation of MCF7 cells. In these cells, externalization of phosphatidylserine, cytochrome c release, increased expression of caspases-7, -8 and -9, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS overgeneration were also detected following LQFM064 (4) treatment. Further analysis revealed the activation of both apoptotic pathways via modulation of the proteins involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways with an increase in TNF-R1, Fas-L and Bax levels and a reduction in Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) were downregulated, while glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) expressions were increased by LQFM064 (4)-triggered cytotoxic effects in MCF7 cells. Moreover, it can be inferred that compound (4) has a moderate acute oral systemic toxicity hazard, since its estimated LD50 was 452.50mg/kg, which classifies it as UN GHS Category 4 (300mg/kg>LD50<2000mg/kg). Furthermore, LQFM064 (4) showed a reduced potential myelotoxicity (IC50=150µM for mouse bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors). In conclusion, LQFM064 (4) was capable of inducing breast cancer cells death via different cytotoxic pathways. Thus, it is a promising alternative for the treatment of neoplasias, especially in terms of the drug resistance development.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Chalconas/farmacologia , Células 3T3 , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Caspases/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chalconas/metabolismo , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
The freshwater fishes of Mato Grosso do Sul state are distributed in two Prata basin sub-basins, Paraguay and Upper Paraná. The species list for that state was compiled based on Collection records, literature and consultation with other ichthyologists. The list includes 358 species, belonging to eleven orders and 43 families. For the Paraguay basin, 255 species were listed; 201 were registered in the Upper Paraná basin. At least 100 species are present in the two watersheds. Of those, 49 species are indigenous to the two basins. Among the other shared species, three were introduced into both basins and 45 are native to the Paraguay and/or Middle Parana basins and were intentionally or inadvertently introduced into the Upper Paraná basin. Nearly one third of the species registered in the Upper Parana basin (64), in Mato Grosso do Sul were introduced, whereas introductions in the Paraguay basin correspond to 1.2% of the species listed. The number of species presented in this paper is considered to be low, representing the still incomplete knowledge, specially of the headwater regions, but also of the lowlands of the Pantanal. Threats to this ichthyofauna and aspects of its conservation status are also discussed.(AU)
Os peixes de água doce do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul se distribuem em duas sub-bacias da bacia do Prata, Paraguai e Alto Paraná. A lista das espécies de peixes que ocorrem no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul foi compilada com base em dados de coleções, literatura e consulta a especialistas. São registradas 358 espécies, distribuídas por onze ordens e 43 famílias. Para a bacia do Paraguai são listadas 255 espécies; 201 o foram para a bacia do Alto Paraná. Cem espécies foram listadas para as duas bacias. Destas, 49 são espécies que ocorrem naturalmente nas duas bacias. Das outras espécies compartilhadas, três foram introduzidas nas duas vertentes e 45 introduzidas na bacia do Alto Paraná, a partir das bacias do Paraguai ou Médio Paraná. Quase um terço das espécies arroladas para a bacia do Alto Paraná (64), em Mato Grosso do Sul, foram introduzidas; introduções na vertente do rio Paraguai representam 1,2% da lista para a bacia. O número de espécies é considerado ainda baixo, representando um conhecimento ainda bastante incompleto, especialmente das regiões de cabeceiras do estado, mas também das terras baixas do Pantanal. Aspectos relacionados à conservação da ictiofauna do estado também são abordados.(AU)