RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the clinical and therapeutic aspects of tracheobronchial lesions in victims of thoracic trauma. Methods: we analyzed the medical records of patients with tracheobronchial lesions treated at the São Paulo Holy Home from April 1991 to June 2008. We established patients' severity through physiological (RTS) and anatomical trauma indices (ISS, PTTI). We used TRISS (Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score) to evaluate the probability of survival. Results: nine patients had tracheobronchial lesions, all males, aged between 17 and 38 years. The mean values of the trauma indices were: RTS - 6.8; ISS - 38; PTTI - 20.0; and TRISS - 0.78. Regarding the clinical picture, six patients displayed only emphysema of the thoracic wall or the mediastinum and three presented with hemodynamic or respiratory instability. The time interval from patient admission to diagnosis ranged from one hour to three days. Cervicotomy was performed in two patients and thoracotomy, in seven (77.7%), being bilateral in one case. Length of hospitalization ranged from nine to 60 days, mean of 21. Complications appeared in four patients (44%) and mortality was nil. Conclusion: tracheobronchial tree trauma is rare, it can evolve with few symptoms, which makes immediate diagnosis difficult, and presents a high rate of complications, although with low mortality.
RESUMO Objetivo: discutir os aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos de lesões traqueobrônquicas em vítimas de trauma torácico. Métodos: análise de dados dos prontuários de pacientes com lesões traqueobrônquicas atendidas na Santa Casa de São Paulo no período de abril de 1991 a junho de 2008. A caracterização da gravidade dos doentes foi feita por meio de índices de trauma fisiológico (RTS) e anatômicos (ISS, PTTI). O TRISS (Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score) foi utilizado para avaliar a probabilidade de sobrevida. Resultados: nove doentes tinham lesões traqueobrônquicas, todos do sexo masculino, com idades entre 17 e 38 anos. Os valores médios dos índices de trauma foram: RTS- 6,8; ISS- 38; PTTI-20,0; TRISS-0,78. Com relação ao quadro clínico, seis apresentaram apenas enfisema de parede torácica ou do mediastino e três doentes se apresentaram com instabilidade hemodinâmica ou respiratória. O intervalo de tempo necessário para se firmar o diagnóstico, desde a admissão do doente, variou de uma hora a três dias. Cervicotomia foi realizada em dois pacientes e toracotomia foi realizada em sete (77,7%), sendo bilateral em um caso. O tempo de internação variou de nove a 60 dias, média de 21 dias. Complicações apareceram em quatro pacientes (44%) e a mortalidade foi nula. Conclusão: o trauma da árvore traqueobrônquica é raro, pode evoluir com poucos sintomas, o que dificulta o diagnóstico imediato, e apresenta alto índice de complicações embora com baixa mortalidade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Traqueia/lesões , Brônquios/lesões , Traumatismo Múltiplo/cirurgia , Traumatismo Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicações , Traqueia/cirurgia , Brônquios/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this clinical randomized double-blind split-mouth study was to assess the effectiveness of a 6% hydrogen peroxide with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide light activated bleaching agent. METHOD: 31 patients were treated with: one upper hemiarcade with a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent and the other hemiarcade with a 6% hydrogen peroxide. Two applications were completed each treatment session and three sessions were appointed, with one week interval between them. Tooth colour was registered each session and 1 week and 1 months after completing the treatment by spectrophotometer, registering parameters L*, a* and b*, and subjectively using VITA Classic guide. Tooth sensitivity was registered by VAS and patient satisfaction and self-perception result was determined using OHIP-14. Tooth colour variation and sensitivity were compared between both bleaching agents. RESULTS: Both treatment showed a change between baseline colour and all check-points with a ΔE=5.57 for 6% and of ΔE=7.98 for the 35% one month after completing the (p<0.05). No statistical differences were seen when subjective evaluations were compared. Also, no differences were seen in tooth sensitivity between bleaching agents. OHIP-14 questionnaire demonstrated a significant change for all patients after bleaching. CONCLUSIONS: A 6% hydrogen peroxide with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide light activated agent is effective for tooth bleaching, reaching a ΔE of 5.57 one month after completing the treatment, with no clinical differences to a 35% agent neither in colour change or in tooth sensitivity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A low concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent may reach good clinical results with less adverse effects.
Assuntos
Peróxido de Hidrogênio/administração & dosagem , Clareadores Dentários/administração & dosagem , Clareamento Dental/métodos , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Satisfação do Paciente , Espectrofotometria , Titânio/administração & dosagem , Titânio/efeitos adversos , Clareamento Dental/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse associations between self-perception of oral health and relevant clinical, personal and socio-demographic factors in a Brazilian community. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Urban adults living in a city in southern Brazil were interviewerd and examined. Individuals with acute pain and who needed multiple extractions of teeth were excluded. Self-perception and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were applied to measure the impact of oral conditions on the quality of life. Socio-demographic and clinical indicators were also analysed. RESULTS: The clinical examination revealed a high dental caries experience (DMFT = 18.9) and a high prevalence of periodontal disease. Oral condition was considered "normal" by 42% of respondents. The variables associated with the OHIP-14 were: education, age, self-assessment, dental caries and the DMFT index. CONCLUSIONS: Self-perception of oral health was associated with OHIP-14 and the clinical indicators had low influence in the self-perception. Therefore, the development of educational initiatives and preventive strategies for the adult population is recommended.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/psicologia , Saúde Bucal , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Escolaridade , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Periodontal , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Análise de Regressão , Estudos de Amostragem , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Artemisia echegarayi Hieron. (Asteraceae) is commonly known in Argentina as “ajenjo”. Many studies report high efficacy of essential oils against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration of A. echegarayi essential oil were evaluated against seven bacterial species of significant importance in food hygiene, by using the disc diffusion assay and the micro-well dilution method, respectively. Volatile components of the extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and major components were determined. Furthermore, the essential oil was tested for its antioxidant activity. The essential oil inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative tested bacteria, with the exception of Proteus mirabilis. A. echegarayi essential oil presented the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus. Two terpenes, thujone and camphor, were identified from this essential oil as the principal constituents responsible for antibacterial activity. The oil showed a free radical scavenging activity equivalent to 50% of the reference compound. These preliminary studies showed promising results since this essential oil may provide an alternative to promote its use as a natural food additive.
Artemisia echegarayi Hieron. (Asteraceae), conocida como “ajenjo”, es una planta típica de la región de Cuyo (Argentina). En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro y la concentración inhibitoria mínima del aceite esencial extraído de sus partes aéreas frente a especies bacterianas que con frecuencia contaminan los alimentos. Se utilizaron las técnicas de difusión con discos en agar y microdilución en placa respectivamente. Además, se determinó la actividad antioxidante de este aceite esencial in vitro por espectrofotometría. En general, tanto las bacterias gram-positivas como las gram-negativas fueron inhibidas por este aceite, con excepción de Proteus mirabilis. Listeria monocytogenes y Bacillus cereus resultaron ser las bacterias más sensibles. El análisis por croma-tografía en fase gaseosa y espectrometría de masa permitió la identificación cualitativa y cuantitativa de los componentes mayoritarios del aceite esencial del ajenjo. Entre ellos, la tuyona y el alcanfor se destacaron como los principales responsables de la actividad antibacteriana observada. Los datos preliminares obtenidos en el presente estudio sugieren que el aceite esencial de Artemisia echegarayi representa una alternativa para promover su empleo como aditivo natural en alimentos.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Cânfora/isolamento & purificação , Cânfora/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Endothelial function (EF) plays an important role in the onset and clinical course of atherosclerosis, although its relationship with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well defined. We evaluated EF and the ST segment response to an exercise test in patients with a broad spectrum of CAD defined by coronary angiography. Sixty-two patients submitted to diagnostic catheterization for the evaluation of chest pain or ischemia in a provocative test were divided into three groups according to the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions (AL): group 1: normal coronaries (N = 19); group 2: CAD with AL <70 percent (N = 17); group 3: CAD with AL ¡Ý70 percent (N = 26). EF was evaluated by the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation ( percentFMD) in the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia induced by occlusion of the forearm with a pneumatic cuff for 5 min. Fifty-four patients were subjected to an exercise test. Gender and age were not significantly correlated with percentFMD. EF was markedly reduced in both groups with CAD (76.5 and 73.1 percent vs 31.6 percent in group 1) and a higher frequency of ischemic alterations in the ST segment (70.8 percent) was observed in the group with obstructive CAD with AL ¡Ý70 percent during the exercise test. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in patients with CAD, irrespective of the severity of injury. A significantly higher frequency of ischemic alterations in the ST segment was observed in the group with obstructive CAD. EF and exercise ECG differed among the three groups and may provide complementary information for the assessment of CAD.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Braquial , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Endothelial function (EF) plays an important role in the onset and clinical course of atherosclerosis, although its relationship with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well defined. We evaluated EF and the ST segment response to an exercise test in patients with a broad spectrum of CAD defined by coronary angiography. Sixty-two patients submitted to diagnostic catheterization for the evaluation of chest pain or ischemia in a provocative test were divided into three groups according to the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions (AL): group 1: normal coronaries (N = 19); group 2: CAD with AL <70% (N = 17); group 3: CAD with AL > or = 70% (N = 26). EF was evaluated by the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation (%FMD) in the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia induced by occlusion of the forearm with a pneumatic cuff for 5 min. Fifty-four patients were subjected to an exercise test. Gender and age were not significantly correlated with %FMD. EF was markedly reduced in both groups with CAD (76.5 and 73.1% vs 31.6% in group 1) and a higher frequency of ischemic alterations in the ST segment (70.8%) was observed in the group with obstructive CAD with AL > or = 70% during the exercise test. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in patients with CAD, irrespective of the severity of injury. A significantly higher frequency of ischemic alterations in the ST segment was observed in the group with obstructive CAD. EF and exercise ECG differed among the three groups and may provide complementary information for the assessment of CAD.
Assuntos
Artéria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Artemisia echegarayi Hieron. (Asteraceae) is commonly known in Argentina as "ajenjo". Many studies report high efficacy of essential oils against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration of A. echegarayi essential oil were evaluated against seven bacterial species of significant importance in food hygiene, by using the disc diffusion assay and the micro-well dilution method, respectively. Volatile components of the extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and major components were determined. Furthermore, the essential oil was tested for its antioxidant activity. The essential oil inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative tested bacteria, with the exception of Proteus mirabilis. A. echegarayi essential oil presented the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus. Two terpenes, thujone and camphor, were identified from this essential oil as the principal constituents responsible for antibacterial activity. The oil showed a free radical scavenging activity equivalent to 50% of the reference compound. These preliminary studies showed promising results since this essential oil may provide an alternative to promote its use as a natural food additive.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Cânfora/isolamento & purificação , Cânfora/farmacologia , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Linear diterpenes isolated from aerial parts of Baccharis thymifolia ( 1- 3) were tested for insect growth inhibitory activity against Tenebrio molitor larvae. Compounds 4- 16 were prepared by various chemical transformations. The diterpenes 6,10-( E,E)-thymifodioic acid ( 1), the butenolide 3, and the derivatives 4, 11, and 14 produced developmental deficiencies in assays using topical application on fifth instar larvae of T. molitor. Compound 3 is a new natural product.
Assuntos
Baccharis/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Inseticidas/isolamento & purificação , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Argentina , Diterpenos/química , Inseticidas/química , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Tenebrio/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The effects of Clematis montevidensis Spreng. (Ranunculaceae) on urinary excretion of water, sodium and potassium were investigated in rats loaded with isotonic saline solution. The data reported in the present work indicate that the infusions of the root and aerial part of Clematis montevidensis showed a moderate diuretic activity. This effect could be due, at least in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated from this plant.
Assuntos
Clematis , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Micção/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Diuréticos/administração & dosagem , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Furosemida/farmacologia , Masculino , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
A pharmacological evaluation of the diuretic activity of Fabiana patagonica Speg. (Solanaceae) was carried out in isotonic saline loaded rats. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of the aerial part of Fabiana patagonica showed a moderate diuretic activity. This activity could be due, in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated as the major metabolite of F. patagonica.
Assuntos
Diuréticos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanaceae , Micção/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Feminino , Furosemida/farmacologia , Masculino , Brotos de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a comparative analysis of the in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) or stent implantation because of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related to an acute vein graft occlusion. METHODS: Since 1991 the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology has maintained a large database (CENIC). From these, we selected all consecutive patients, who underwent primary PTCA or stenting in the first 24 hours of AMI, with the target vessel being an occluded vein graft. Immediate results and major coronary events occurring up until hospital discharge were analyzed. RESULTS: During this period, 5,932 patients underwent primary PTCA or stenting; 158 (3%) of the procedures were performed because of an acute vein graft occlusion. Stenting was performed in 74 (47%) patients. Patients treated with stents had a higher success rate and lower mean residual stenosis compared with those who underwent primary balloon PTCA. The incidence of reinfarction and death were similar for stenting and balloon PTCA. CONCLUSION: Primary percutaneous treatment of AMI related to acute vein graft occlusion is still an uncommon practice. Primary stenting improved luminal diameter and offered higher rates of success; however, this strategy did not reduce the in-hospital reinfarction and death rate, compared with that occurring with PTCA treatment.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/terapia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Veia Safena/transplante , Stents , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Sistema de Registros , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The chemical study of aerial parts of Lampaya hieronymi Schum. ex Moldenke yielded oleanolic acid, epi-oleanolic acid, epi-maslinic acid, 4'7-dimethoxyapigenin, p-hydroxyacetophenone, and p-hydroxyacetophenone-beta-glucoside. In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, all the compounds, except 4'7-dimethoxyapigenin were evaluated in vivo for their ability to inhibit acute inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that p-hydroxyacetophenone and the triterpenes produced protective effects in carrageenan induced paw edema in mouse, at 1-3 h and 3-5 h, respectively, after the injection of carrageenan. These results indicated that their effects might correlate with the release of histamine, serotonin, kinin and prostaglandins.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness of resin-based composites (RBCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty specimens of each material were cured under Mylar strips and immersed in artificial saliva for 1 wk. Samples were tested with a profilometer to obtain baseline average surface roughness (Ra). Specimens of both RBCs were then finished and polished according to four techniques: (1) Sof-Lex disks; (2) Sof-Lex disks followed by Prisma Gloss; (3) Enhance points; (4) Enhance points followed by Prisma Gloss application. New readings of the roughness pattern were carried out and the difference of post-polishing and baseline values were analyzed. RESULTS: ANOVA test (alpha = 0.05) did not show differences between materials (P = 0.9393) nor interaction effects (P = 0.3094), but significant difference among the finishing/polishing techniques were detected (P = 0.0157). Tukey's test showed that the smoothest surface was obtained when the specimens were treated by Sof-Lex followed by Prisma Gloss polishing paste; and the worst results were obtained after using Enhance points alone.
Assuntos
Resinas Compostas/química , Polimento Dentário/métodos , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Análise de Variância , Polimento Dentário/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Imersão , Teste de Materiais , Polietilenotereftalatos , Saliva Artificial/química , Estatística como Assunto , Propriedades de Superfície , Tensoativos/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of the in-hospital results after primary implantation of stents or coronary balloon angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: CENIC (National Center of Cardiovascular Interventions) gathered data on 3, 924 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty (in the primary form, without the previous use of thrombolytic agents) in the first 24 hours after a MI, during the period of 1996-1998. From these 3,924 patients, 1,337 (34%) underwent stent implantation. We analyzed the success of the procedure and the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: In patients undergoing stent implantation there were more males (77% vs 69%, p=0.001), previous by pass surgery (6. 3% vs. 4.5%, p=0.01), anterior MI and stent implantation in left descending artery (55% vs. 48% vs. p=0.009), and saphenous vein bypass grafts (3.3% vs. 1.9%). the procedure was more succesful in the group of stents (97% vs. 84%, p=0.001) and reinfarction rate (2. 5 vs. 4%, p=0.002). The need for emergency revascularization was similar (1% vs. 1.1%, NS). Total in-hospital mortality was lower in stent group (3.4% vs. 7. 2%, p=0.0001) and this effect was in patients Killip class III/V (19.5% vs. 32.5%, p= 0.002) because there was no difference in patients class I/II (1.7% vs. 2.8%, p=0. 9). CONCLUSION: Primary stent implantation in acute myocardial infarction showed better early results than balloon angioplasty alome.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Stents , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Stents/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This paper presents an iteractive model for microcomputers to study the distribution of reference evapotranspiration, using beta and incomplete gamma density functions. For this purpose, two weekly data of reference evapotranspiration were used, collected in March during 30 years, for Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov model, it was observed that estimated data showed to be closely related to experimental data found in literature, justifying its use.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a apresentação de um modelo iterativo para utilização em microcomputadores capaz de estimar valores de evapotranspiracão de referencia em diversos níveis de probabilidade, a partir de uma série de dados. O procedimento matemático envolvido na técnica iterativa empregada relaciona-se à utilização das funções de densidade gama incompleta e beta. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados quinzenais de evapotranspiracão do mês de março, a partir de uma série de 30 anos para a região de Piracicaba-SP. Através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, verificou-se que dados estimados através do modelo apresentaram alto grau de ajuste com dados relatados em literatura, justificando assim sua utilização.
RESUMO
This paper presents an iteractive model for microcomputers to study the distribution of reference evapotranspiration, using beta and incomplete gamma density functions. For this purpose, two weekly data of reference evapotranspiration were used, collected in March during 30 years, for Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov model, it was observed that estimated data showed to be closely related to experimental data found in literature, justifying its use.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a apresentação de um modelo iterativo para utilização em microcomputadores capaz de estimar valores de evapotranspiracão de referencia em diversos níveis de probabilidade, a partir de uma série de dados. O procedimento matemático envolvido na técnica iterativa empregada relaciona-se à utilização das funções de densidade gama incompleta e beta. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados quinzenais de evapotranspiracão do mês de março, a partir de uma série de 30 anos para a região de Piracicaba-SP. Através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, verificou-se que dados estimados através do modelo apresentaram alto grau de ajuste com dados relatados em literatura, justificando assim sua utilização.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the indications, results and follow-up of patients with 80 years old and over, who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: From July 1987 through July 1990, 36 patients, 80 years of age and over, had PTCA as an alternative method to treat coronary artery disease. Their age ranged from 80 to 85 (mean = 83) years. Twenty five were male. Significative obstruction was considered when 70% or more of the internal diameter was stenosed. Satisfactory results were achieved when reduction of 50% or more of the coronary artery obstruction was obtained. RESULTS: In 34 of 36 patients (94.4%), PTCA was successfully performed. Forty four of 46 coronary arteries were successfully dilated. One patient had acute coronary occlusion with acute myocardial infarction treated clinically. There were no emergency surgeries or early deaths. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 15 of the 34 patients. Four had repeated coronary arteriography (at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after primary PTCA) due to angina. Two of them had restenosis and were successfully redilated (the patients restudied at 3 and 6 months, respectively). Within a mean clinical follow-up period of 9.6 (ranging from 1 from 21) months the following features were observed: two of 15 patients (13.3%) had acute myocardial infarction and were clinically followed; late death occurred in 3 patients (20%) with only one related to cardiac events. Survival has been observed in 12 of these 15 patients (80%). CONCLUSION: PTCA represents an alternative, safe and effective invasive procedure to treat octogenarians with coronary artery disease.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angina Pectoris/epidemiologia , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Angina Instável/epidemiologia , Angina Instável/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapiaRESUMO
The structural requirements for the gastric cytoprotective activity of several sesquiterpene lactones are reported. A theoretical-experimental study on the potentially active centers is carried out. The biological evaluation of reduced analogues and the simulation of the molecular interactions between these compounds and an endogenous cysteine residue suggest that the presence of a non sterically hindered Michael acceptor seems to be an essential structural requirement for the cytoprotective activity in this family of compounds. This observation suggests that cytoprotection is mediated through a Michael reaction between the sulfhydryl-containing peptides of the mucosa and Michael acceptors present in the molecules under study. This mechanism of action is in addition to and distinct from the one proposed in our previous paper, namely, that these sesquiterpenes stimulate endogenous synthesis of prostaglandins.