RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is a set of tropical diseases widely distributed throughout the world. Publications concerning different aspects of leishmaniasis have shown an increasing trend in recent years, especially in Brazil, where this disease has been under continuous expansion. The present study analyzes the data and assess trends in publications on leishmaniasis in Brazil and worldwide. METHODOLOGY: The bibliometric analysis was performed on the Scopus database, addressing data on scientific publications about leishmaniasis in the first nineteen years of the 21st century. The tendency of the annual number of publications was analyzed by mean of linear regression equations. RESULTS: The literature search identified 19.317 publications. Brazil was the country with the largest number of studies (24.88%). The annual growth rate for Brazilian publications was 4.66%, whereas worldwide publications grew 2.96%. The leading ten international authors contributed to 8.71% of the publications, whereas the ten principal Brazilian authors contributed to 4.31%. The largest collaboration network between authors was between Brazil and the United States. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation occupied the premier position in both worldwide and Brazilian ranking in number of publications. The international journal with the largest number of publications and SCImago Journal Rank indicator was PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. The Journal of Immunology had the highest H-index. Most of the research covered topics related to immunology and molecular biology. CONCLUSIONS: The data show relevant characteristics of the scientific production on leishmaniasis and demonstrate the fundamental role played by Brazil in the production of knowledge in this area of study.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose , Medicina Tropical , Bibliometria , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Doenças Negligenciadas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Identification of factors associated with Leishmania infection in dogs is essential for targeting visceral leishmaniasis control actions. Thus, the present study analyzed some of these factors in a population of dogs in a Brazilian municipality, along with the limitations of control strategies implemented there. The association between the exposure variables and occurrences of infection was analyzed through logistic regression models. The disease control interventions were treated qualitatively. Out of the 755 animals examined, 13.6% (103/755) were seropositive. Of these, 23.3% (24/103) were asymptomatic and 76.7% (79/103) presented at least one clinical sign possibly associated with visceral leishmaniasis. With weak associations, purebred, shorthaired, over 5 years of age, male and large dogs were more prone to infection. The latter two variables formed the final regression model and the association with dog size was statistically significant. The control strategies developed presented limitations and a great number of seronegative dogs was culled. The data presented contribute towards better understanding of the dynamics of infection in canine visceral leishmaniasis and indicate that actions aimed towards adequate implementation of Visceral Leishmaniasis control program in Brazilian endemic areas should be prioritized.
A identificação dos fatores associados à infecção por Leishmania em cães é essencial para o direcionamento das ações de controle da leishmaniose visceral. Desta forma, o presente estudo analisa alguns destes fatores em uma população de cães, bem como as limitações das estratégias de controle executadas em um município brasileiro. Por meio de modelos de regressão logística, analisou-se a associação entre as variáveis de exposição e a ocorrência de infecção. As ações de controle da doença foram analisadas qualitativamente. Dos 755 animais avaliados por meio de sorologia, 13,6% (103/755) foram soro-reagentes. Destes, 23,3% (24/103) eram assintomáticos e 76,7% (79/103) apresentaram pelo menos um sinal clínico possivelmente associado com a leishmaniose visceral. Com associações fracas, cães de raça pura, de pelo curto, com mais de cinco anos, machos e de grande porte foram mais propensos à infecção. As duas últimas variáveis compuseram o modelo final de regressão, sendo significativa a associação com o tamanho do cão. As estratégias de controle desenvolvidas apresentaram limitações e um número elevado de cães sorologicamente negativos foi submetido a eutanásia. Os dados apresentados contribuem para um melhor entendimento da dinâmica da infecção na leishmaniose visceral canina e indicam que ações visando a adequada execução do programa de controle da doença em áreas endêmicas brasileiras devem ser priorizadas.
RESUMO
Several psiculture stations that deal with fingerlings or ornamental fishes rearing have presented some problems with larvae preying, post-larvae and fingerlings by Odonata Order insect nymphs. Thus, the aim of this work was to survey the Odonata species present in fish-raising tanks in two towns of the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, and also to evaluate the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Barjac israelensis on Pantala flavescens nymphs (Fabricius, 1798) (Odonata: Libellulidae). Fortnightly collections were performed over a three month period. The adult insects were captured with entomological nets and the nymphs with fine mesh sieves, coupled to wooden handles. The captured nymphs were taken to the laboratory where they were individualized in 2L plastic foam boxes and sealed in its upper extremity with tulle. Soon after the adults emergence, they were killed, packed into envelopes and sent to be identified. The laboratory experiments were conducted in an acclimatized room at 25 ± 2C, RH of 70 ± 10% and 12-hour photophase. Second instar P. flavescens nymphs were packed individually into plastic foam boxes containing 500mL of chlorine free water each one. When they were in the third, fifth and seventh instars, they were treated with B. thuringiensis var. israelensis through the microbial product Vectobac® in granulate formulation. The product was directly applied to the
Várias estações de piscicultura que trabalham com a produção de alevinos ou peixes ornamentais têm apresentado problemas relacionados à predação de larvas, pós-larvas e alevinos por ninfas de insetos da Ordem Odonata. Dessa forma, objetivou-se fazer um levantamento de espécies de odonatos presentes em tanques de criação de peixes em dois municípios da região centro-oeste de Minas Gerais, assim como avaliar o efeito de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis de Barjac sobre ninfas de Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798) (Odonata: Libellulidae). Durante um período de três meses, foram realizadas coletas quinzenais, sendo os insetos adultos capturados com o auxílio de redes entomológicas e as ninfas, através de peneiras de malha fina, acopladas a cabos de madeira. As ninfas capturadas foram levadas para o laboratório onde foram individualizadas em caixas de isopor com capacidade para 2L, vedadas em sua extremidade superior com filó. Logo após a emergência dos adultos, esses foram mortos, acondicionados em envelopes e enviados para serem identificados. Os experimentos laboratoriais foram conduzidos em sala climatizada à 25 ± 2C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Ninfas de segundo ínstar de P. flavescens foram individualmente acondicionadas em caixas de isopor contendo cada uma 500mL de água livre de cloro e, estando essas no terceiro, quinto e sétimo ínstares, foram tratadas
RESUMO
Several psiculture stations that deal with fingerlings or ornamental fishes rearing have presented some problems with larvae preying, post-larvae and fingerlings by Odonata Order insect nymphs. Thus, the aim of this work was to survey the Odonata species present in fish-raising tanks in two towns of the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, and also to evaluate the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Barjac israelensis on Pantala flavescens nymphs (Fabricius, 1798) (Odonata: Libellulidae). Fortnightly collections were performed over a three month period. The adult insects were captured with entomological nets and the nymphs with fine mesh sieves, coupled to wooden handles. The captured nymphs were taken to the laboratory where they were individualized in 2L plastic foam boxes and sealed in its upper extremity with tulle. Soon after the adults emergence, they were killed, packed into envelopes and sent to be identified. The laboratory experiments were conducted in an acclimatized room at 25 ± 2C, RH of 70 ± 10% and 12-hour photophase. Second instar P. flavescens nymphs were packed individually into plastic foam boxes containing 500mL of chlorine free water each one. When they were in the third, fifth and seventh instars, they were treated with B. thuringiensis var. israelensis through the microbial product Vectobac® in granulate formulation. The product was directly applied to the
Várias estações de piscicultura que trabalham com a produção de alevinos ou peixes ornamentais têm apresentado problemas relacionados à predação de larvas, pós-larvas e alevinos por ninfas de insetos da Ordem Odonata. Dessa forma, objetivou-se fazer um levantamento de espécies de odonatos presentes em tanques de criação de peixes em dois municípios da região centro-oeste de Minas Gerais, assim como avaliar o efeito de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis de Barjac sobre ninfas de Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798) (Odonata: Libellulidae). Durante um período de três meses, foram realizadas coletas quinzenais, sendo os insetos adultos capturados com o auxílio de redes entomológicas e as ninfas, através de peneiras de malha fina, acopladas a cabos de madeira. As ninfas capturadas foram levadas para o laboratório onde foram individualizadas em caixas de isopor com capacidade para 2L, vedadas em sua extremidade superior com filó. Logo após a emergência dos adultos, esses foram mortos, acondicionados em envelopes e enviados para serem identificados. Os experimentos laboratoriais foram conduzidos em sala climatizada à 25 ± 2C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Ninfas de segundo ínstar de P. flavescens foram individualmente acondicionadas em caixas de isopor contendo cada uma 500mL de água livre de cloro e, estando essas no terceiro, quinto e sétimo ínstares, foram tratadas