RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante la última década se ha reportado un incremento de suicidios en niños y adolescentes a nivel nacional e internacional. Los factores de riesgo asociados son trastornos psiquiátricos, circunstancias familiares e influencias socioculturales. OBJETIVO: Describir el comportamiento del suicidio consumado en menores de 20 años en el periodo 1998-2011 en México. MÉTODO: Se analizaron las bases de defunciones del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y las proyecciones de población del Consejo Nacional de Población de 1998 a 2011. Se calcularon las tasas truncadas de mortalidad estandarizada por edad, la velocidad de cambio y el índice de años de vida perdidos. RESULTADOS: En la población de cinco a 19 años, el suicidio representó el 7% de las muertes por lesiones de causa externa; la razón hombre/mujer fue de 2.2:1. En general, la tendencia aumentó de 18.5 a 31.9 por 106. El método más empleado fue el ahorcamiento con el 75.7%. Las mujeres presentaron el mayor porcentaje de cambio con el 6%. El estado de Hidalgo presentó una mayor tasa con 17.2%. En 2011, el mayor índice de años de vida perdidos por suicidio se presentó en Tabasco con 67%. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados obtenidos, como el incremento del suicidio en adolescentes, el método por ahorcamiento, las malas condiciones socioeconómicas y los problemas de registro de las muertes, son datos obtenidos y que coinciden con lo reportado por otros autores. La tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidios se ha incrementado. El método por ahorcamiento ocupa el primer lugar a nivel nacional. El subregistro en sistemas de información es un problema sin resolverse.
INTRODUCTION: During the last decade, an increase in children and adolescents' completed suicide has been reported nationally and internationally. Psychiatric disorders, family circumstances and sociocultural influences are associated risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To describe suicidal tendency in children and adolescents during 1998-2011 in Mexico. METHOD: National Data Health Records on mortality in children and adolescents younger than 20 years between from the year 1998 to 2011 were analyzed. Rates and indices were calculated using population projections from the National Population Council. The Truncated Trend of Standardized Mortality, change rate and the Years of Life Lost Index were calculated. RESULTS: In the 5 to 19 year group population, the completed suicide deaths accounted for 7% of the external cause injuries; the male-female ratio was 2.2:1. Overall, the tendency increased from 18.5 to 31.9 by 106. Hanging was the method most often employed. The percentage of change was greater in women with 6%. The county with the highest trend was Hidalgo with 17.2%. In 2011, Tabasco was the county with the highest index of years lost by suicide with 67%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The increase in completed suicide in the adolescent's group, the hanging method, the low socioeconomic status and the problems with the registry's death system are data that have also been reported by other authors. The suicide mortality trend has increased. Hanging was the preferred method nationally. A deficient recording system remains an unresolved issue.
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: INTRODUCCION: Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. In Mexico it represents the third cause of death. OBJECTIVE. To know the frequency and distribution of the malignancies diagnosed in Mexico during 10 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the data-base of the histopathological register of malignant neoplasms in Mexico, was obtained a descriptive analysis from the period 1993-2002. The variables included were: city and federative entity of residence, age, sex, anatomical region and histopathologic diagnosis. From the 12 more common malignant neoplasms a descriptive demographic analysis was performed adjusted by four regions: Center, North, South and Federal District. RESULTS: A total of 767,464 cases with cancer were reported. In order of frequency were: cervix-uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphomas, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, sarcomas, ovary cancer, lung cancer, leukemias, urinary bladder cancer and uterine body. Seventy-two percent were diagnosed in women and 28% in men, the reason for a ratio W:M of 2.5:1. The states more developed and industrialized, near to United States had the majority of cases from breast, prostate, ovary and lung cancer. CONCLUSION: There is a distinctive distribution type of malignant tumors in Mexico, according to the region of residence. It absolutely is necessary to developed population based cancer registries. These are the best instruments to better understand the magnitude of cancer, and evaluate incidence, survival and mortality.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Morbidade/tendências , Sistema de Registros , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introducción. Las leucemias son el cáncer más frecuente durante la infancia. El estudio pretende describir la mortalidad por leucemias en menores de 20 años en México. Material y métodos. A partir del Sistema Estadístico y Epidemiológico de las Defunciones se calcularon tasas específicas por edad, género y entidad federativa. Se estimó la tasa media de mortalidad anual (TMMA) por estado, y la tasa truncada estandarizada por edad de mortalidad. La estandarización fue por el método directo y el error estándar por la aproximación de Poisson, los intervalos de confianza (IC) fueron de 95%. En la elaboración de la razón estandarizada de mortalidad (REM) se utilizó la tasa nacional como referencia. Se calculó la proporción de cambio anual estatal y nacional con IC al 95%, además se estimaron las tendencias nacionales y estatales de 1998 a 2002 por medio de la regresión de Poisson. Resultados. La mortalidad por leucemias representó 51.1%. La razón hombre/mujer fue de 1.3. Los grupos de edad más afectados fueron los de 5-9 y 10-14 años, ambas con TMMA de 27.7 por 10(6) habitantes. La REM para Quintana Roo y Puebla fueron significativas. En cuanto a la tendencia Tlaxcala presentó un incremento y Baja California Sur un decremento, ambos fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones. La mortalidad por leucemias en menores de 20 años representa un problema de salud pública nacional, por lo que el diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento específico deben ser de alta prioridad.
Introduction. Leukemias are the most frequent form of cancer in childhood and adolescence. This study describes the mortality rate for individuals under 20 years of age with a primary diagnosis of leukemia in Mexico over a 15 year period, from 1988-2002. Material and methods. Specific mortality rates were calculated according to age, gender and state of origin based on data provided by a National Epidemiological Mortality Reporting System (SEED). The median annual mortality rate and age adjusted mortality rate were estimated for each state in Mexico. The direct method was used for standardization and standard error with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. The national mortality rate was used as a reference to estimate the standardized mortality rate. State annual change and trends were calculated from 1988 to 2002 by Poisson regression. Results. The leukemia mortality rate during the study period was 51.1%; the male/female ratio was 1.3 and the predominant age group ranged from 10 to 14 years of age. The median annual mortality rate of 27.7 per 10(6) inhabitants. Conclusions. Leukemia mortality in children and adolescents under 20 years of age represents a major public health problem in Mexico, early diagnosis and specific treatment must be considered high priority.