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Resumen El vólvulo de sigmoides ocurre como resultado de una torsión del eje mesentérico colónico, cuenta con una etiología multifactorial y controvertida, de fisiopatología no clara aún. Presenta un cuadro clínico de inicio inespecífico y posteriores signos y síntomas de oclusión intestinal; su diagnóstico se establece mediante tomografía computarizada, con una sensibilidad y especificidad mayor al 90%. El manejo dependerá de la condición clínica del paciente. Caso clínico: Hombre de 29 años con antecedente de síndrome de Asperger. Refirió que desde 7 días previos a su ingreso presentó dolor tipo cólico difuso, asociado a distensión abdominal e intolerancia a la vía oral. Acudió a valoración hospitalaria donde se realizóa tomografía computarizada con niveles hidroaéreos, torsión de arteria mesentérica inferior de aspecto de torbellino. Se realizó laparotomía exploradora a través de la cual se encontró sigmoides dilatado y volvulado, con perforación en la unión rectosigmoidea; se realizó sigmoidectomía con colorectoanastomosis. Al quinto día presentó datos de respuesta inflamatoria con abdomen agudo, por lo que ingresó a laparotomía exploradora donde se encontró dehiscencia de anastomosis; se realizó procedimiento de Hartmann. El paciente presentó choque séptico y falleció a las 24 horas del postquirúrgico. Discusión: La presentación de vólvulo sigmoides generalmente se presenta en personas mayores de 70 años, pocos casos se describen en personas jóvenes y están relacionados con enfermedad de dismotilidad intestinal. El paciente no contaba con factores predisponentes, el diagnóstico se estableció con imágenes características de la enfermedad, como la imagen en torbellino, se decidió manejo quirúrgico con la realización de resección con colorectoanastomosis. Conclusión: La oclusión intestinal por vólvulo sigmoides es una patología infrecuente en jóvenes y de clínica inespecífica. Ante un paciente que presente datos de oclusión intestinal deberá ser abordado de manera apropiada, sobre todo en pacientes en quienes hayan debutado con una clínica insidiosa y persistente de dolor abdominal secundario a oclusión intestinal, sean jóvenes con o sin factores de riesgo.
Abstract Sigmoid volvulus occurs due to a torsion of the colonic mesenteric axis, it has a multifactorial and controversial etiology, and its pathophysiology is not yet clear. Presenting a clinical picture of non-specific onset and later signs and symptoms of intestinal occlusion, its diagnosis is established with computed tomography with a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90%. Management will depend on the clinical condition of the patient. Clinical case: A 29-year-old man with a history of Asperger syndrome. He referred 7 days prior to admission with diffuse cramping pain, associated with abdominal distension and oral intolerance. He went to the hospital for evaluation where a computed tomography was performed with air-fluid levels, torsion of the inferior mesenteric artery with a whirlwind appearance. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding a dilated and volvulated sigmoid with perforation at the rectosigmoid junction. A sigmoidectomy with colorectal anastomosis was performed. On the fifth day, he presented data of inflammatory response with acute abdomen, entering exploratory laparotomy finding anastomosis dehiscence, Hartmann procedure was performed. The patient presented septic shock, died 24 hours after surgery. Discussion: The presentation of sigmoid volvulus generally occurs in people older than 70 years, few cases are described in young people and are related to intestinal dysmotility disease, the patient did not have predisposing factors, the diagnosis is established with characteristic images of the disease such as whirlwind image, surgical management is decided by performing resection with colorectal anastomosis. Conclusion: Intestinal occlusion due to sigmoid volvulus is an infrequent pathology in young people and with non-specific symptoms. When faced with a patient presenting evidence of intestinal occlusion, this should be appropriately addressed, especially in patients who have debuted with insidious and persistent symptoms of abdominal pain secondary to intestinal occlusion, whether they are young with or without risk factors.
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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: En el diagnóstico prenatal confluye un grupo de tecnologías enfocadas a la detección de defectos o anomalías congénitas de origen genético y multifactorial. Con independencia del tipo de prueba de que se trate, cualquier tecnología de diagnóstico prenatal debe ir acompañada de asesorías pre y posprueba. La sustentación ética de estas asesorías es de primordial interés para la Medicina prenatal y ha sido tarea de diversas organizaciones. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio retrospectivo, de búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Google Scholar, con los términos MeSH: "Pregnancy", "Prenatal Diagnosis", "Genetic Conuseling", "Relational Autonomy" y "Decision Making". RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 909 referencias de las que se eliminaron las de más de 20 años de publicación, las que no contaban con textos completos y las duplicadas por la búsqueda en distintas bases de datos. Al final se analizaron 25 artículos en texto completo que sirvieron de base para la revisión bibliográfica. CONCLUSIONES: En la actualidad, el ultrasonido es la principal puerta de entrada al mundo del diagnóstico prenatal. Aludir a la indicación y uso éticos de cualquier tecnología de diagnóstico prenatal previene daño al embarazo en su conjunto y desincentiva la necesidad de una normatividad jurídica detallada que, por el momento, no existe en muchos países, incluido el nuestro. Hoy en día se dispone de lineamientos éticos claros para la asesoría de la ecografía como técnica de diagnóstico prenatal.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Prenatal diagnosis brings together a group of technologies that focus on the detection of congenital defects or anomalies of genetic and multifactorial origin. Irrespective of the type of test, any prenatal diagnostic technology must be accompanied by pre- and post-test counselling. The ethical underpinning of such counselling is of paramount interest to prenatal medicine and has been the task of several organisations. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study, searching PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases using the MeSH terms: "pregnancy", "prenatal diagnosis", "genetic counselling", "relational autonomy" and "decision making". RESULTS: We found 909 references from which we eliminated those older than 20 years of publication, those without full text and those duplicated by searching in different databases. In the end, 25 full-text articles were analysed and served as the basis for the literature review. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is currently the main gateway to the world of prenatal diagnosis. The ethical indication and use of any prenatal diagnostic technology prevents harm to the pregnancy as a whole and avoids the need for detailed legal regulation, which currently does not exist in many countries, including our own. Clear ethical guidelines are now available for advice on ultrasound as a prenatal diagnostic technique.
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Introducción: El Reglamento de Educación de Posgrado de la República de Cuba de 2019 abre nuevas respuestas a las necesidades de formación académica de maestría para profesionales de la salud, cuestión pendiente en las áreas asistencial, administrativa y especializada. Esto tributa a la continuidad, pertinencia e interdisciplinariedad de la formación profesional, y a los diseños curriculares de maestría en este sector. Objetivo: Fundamentar las orientaciones que pueden asumir los programas de maestría para profesionales de la salud. Posicionamiento del autor: Se parte de posiciones teórico-metodológicas del proceso pedagógico de posgrado en el área de la salud, de su relación con la actividad laboral que desempeñan sus trabajadores y de la legislación vigente en materia de posgrado en el país, para considerar el sistema de actividades profesionales fundamentales que aseguran el cumplimiento de las misiones de la institución. Esto requiere de una generalización esencial y de abstracción sucesiva, a partir del análisis de las funciones que se desempeñan en los puestos de trabajo y que tributan al cumplimiento de esas misiones. La maestría aporta una amplia y avanzada cultura científica en determinada área del saber, así como mayor capacidad y desarrollo para llevar a cabo las actividades. Esto se reinvierte de forma potenciada en sus desempeños en el puesto de trabajo, y en el desarrollo y cumplimiento de la misión social de la institución. Conclusiones: Las orientaciones de las maestrías para profesionales de la salud son asistencia, investigación, docencia y administración. Independientemente de la orientación que asuma el programa, la investigación continúa siendo esencial(AU)
Introduction: The 2019 regulations on postgraduate education of the Republic of Cuba open new responses to the needs of academic master's degree courses for training health professionals, a pending issue in the healthcare, management and specialization areas. This contributes to the continuity, pertinence and interdisciplinarity of professional training, as well as to the master's degree curricular designs in this sector. Objective: To substantiate the orientations that master's degree programs for health professionals can assume. Author position: The foundations are made up of theoretical-methodological positions corresponding to the postgraduate pedagogical process in the health area, its relation with the occupational activity carried out by health workers, and the currently valid legislation on postgraduate education in the country, in order to consider the system of fundamental professional activities that ensure the fulfillment of institutional missions. This requires an essential generalization and subsequent abstraction, based on the analysis of the occupational functions performed and contributing to the fulfillment of these missions. The master's degree courses provide a broad and advanced scientific culture in a certain field of knowledge, as well as greater capacity and development to carry out activities. This is retrieved in an enhanced way in terms of occupational performance, as well as in the development and fulfillment of the social mission of the institution. Conclusions: The master's degree courses for health professionals are oriented to the healthcare, research, teaching and management scenarios. Regardless of the orientation of the program, research continues to be essential(AU)
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Humanos , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Programas de Pós-Graduação em SaúdeRESUMO
Bones are the third most common location for solid tumor metastasis affecting up to 10% of patients with solid tumors. When the spine is involved, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are frequently affected. Access to spinal lesions can be through minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or traditional open surgery (OS). This study aims to determine which method provides an advantage. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Inventory for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to identify studies that compare MIS with OS in patients with spinal metastatic disease. Data were analyzed using Review Manager ver. 5.3 (RevMan; Cochrane, London, UK). Ten studies were included. Operative time was similar among groups at -35.23 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI], -73.36 to 2.91 minutes; p=0.07). Intraoperative bleeding was lower in MIS at -562.59 mL (95% CI, -776.97 to -348.20 mL; p<0.00001). OS procedures had higher odds of requiring blood transfusions at 0.26 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.45; p<0.00001). Both approaches instrumented similar numbers of levels at -0.05 levels (95% CI, -0.75 to 0.66 levels; p=0.89). We observed a decreased need for postoperative bed rest at -1.60 days (95% CI, -2.46 to -0.74 days; p=0.0003), a shorter length of stay at -3.08 days (95% CI, -4.50 to -1.66 days; p=0.001), and decreased odds of complications at 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.96; p=0.03) in the MIS group. Both approaches revealed similar reintervention rates at 0.65 (95% CI, 0.15 to 2.84; p=0.57), effective rates of reducing metastasis-related pain at -0.74 (95% CI, -2.41 to 0.94; p=0.39), and comparable scores of the Tokuhashi scale at -0.52 (95% CI, -2.08 to 1.05; p=0.41), Frankel scale at 1.00 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.68; p=1.0), and American Spinal Injury Association Scale at 0.53 (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.37; p=0.19). MIS appears to provide advantages over OS. Larger and prospective studies should fully detail the role of MIS as a treatment for spine metastasis.
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RESUMEN Introducción: en cirugía cardiovascular, el EuroSCORE I, EuroSCORE II y STS score son herramientas que brindan pronóstico e información para la toma de decisiones. Es imperativo evaluar el valor predictivo real de los mismos en nuestro medio. Objetivo: evaluar el valor predictivo de los citados scores en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca en el área de cardiología del Hospital Nacional. Metodología: estudio de cohortes, retrospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2020 a julio 2021. Fueron evaluadas 60 historias clínicas, excluidas 6, quedando finalmente 54 expedientes. Resultado: predominó el sexo masculino 57,14 %, la edad media fue de 60 ± 12 años (rango 26 - 82 años). El EuroSCORE II presentó un riesgo relativo de 10 (IC 95 % 1,3 90), p=0,004, sensibilidad 80 %, especificidad 78,43 %, VPP 26,67 % (IC 95 % 0,95 a 52,38) y VPN 97,56 % (IC 95 % 91,62 a 100 %). El EuroSCORE I presentó riesgo relativo de 1,6 (IC 95 % 0,2 10,9) p=0,50, sensibilidad 60 %, especificidad 52,94 %, VPP 11,11 % (IC 95 % 0,00 a 24,82) y VPN 93,10 % (IC 95 % 82,16 a 100 %). El STS score arrojó un riesgo relativo de 3,5 (IC 95 % 0,07 35), p=0,10, sensibilidad del 20 %, especificidad 93,33 %, valor predictivo positivo del 25 % (IC 95 % 0,00 a 79,93) y valor predictivo negativo 91,30 % (IC 95 % 82,07 a 100 %). La mortalidad global fue 8,93 % y morbilidad 93 %. Conclusión: se demostró un alto valor predictivo negativo en los scores, lo que determinó que pacientes con riesgo bajo e intermedio tuvieran una mortalidad baja.
ABSTRACT Introduction: in cardiovascular surgery, the EuroSCORE I, EuroSCORE II and STS score are tools that provide prognosis and information for decision making. It is imperative to evaluate their real predictive value in our environment. Objective: to evaluate the predictive value of the aforementioned scores in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the Hospital Nacional cardiology area. Methodology: retrospective cohort study, with non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. The population consisted of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the period from January 2020 to July 2021. 60 medical records were evaluated, 6 excluded, finally leaving 54 records. Result: male sex predominated 57,14 %, the mean age was 60 ± 12 years (range 26 - 82 years old). The EuroSCORE II presented a relative risk of 10 (95 % CI 1.3 - 90), p = 0.004, sensitivity 80 %, specificity 78,43 %, PPV 26,67 % (95 % CI 0,95 to 52,38) and NPV 97,56 % (95 % CI 91,62 to 100 %). The EuroSCORE I presented a relative risk of 1.6 (95 % CI 0.2 - 10.9) p = 0.50, sensitivity 60 %, specificity 52,94 %, PPV 11,11 % (95 % CI 0.00 a 24,82) and NPV 93,10 % (95 % CI 82.16 to 100 %). The STS score yielded a relative risk of 3,5 (95 % CI 0.07 - 35), p = 0.10, sensitivity of 20 %, specificity 93,33 %, positive predictive value of 25 % (CI 95 % 0 .00 to 79.93) and negative predictive value 91,30 % (95 % CI 82.07 to 100 %). Overall mortality was 8,93 % and morbidity 93 %. Conclusion: a high negative predictive value was demonstrated in the scores, which determined that patients with low and intermediate risk had a low mortality.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidadeRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la cardiopatía dilatada definida como la dilatación de cavidades cardiacas de múltiples etiologías tiene una prevalencia en adultos de alrededor de 1/2.500 individuos. La ecocardiografía transtorácica determina la dilatación de cavidades y evalúa la función ventricular mientras que la cinecoronariografía permite identificar la etiología principalmente isquémica por afección de arterias coronarias epicárdicas. La utilización de la cinecoronariografía como primera línea para el diagnóstico etiológico, implica riesgos propios de un método invasivo con un alto costo en recursos económicos, por lo cual es imperioso determinar el posible resultado de dicho procedimiento. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de lesiones coronarias epicárdicas en pacientes con Cardiopatía Dilatada en un Departamento de Cardiología en el periodo del 2015 2021. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, mediante la revisión en la base de datos en un Departamento de Cardiología. Resultados: este estudio incluyó a 88 pacientes, con disnea en clase funcional II-IV de la NYHA y cardiopatía dilatada por ecocardiografía, de etiología no filiada. De éste grupo, 66 % eran varones y 34 % mujeres, la media de edad fue de 56 ± 11,19 años. Al ser sometidos a cinecoronariografía diagnostica, se constató que el 23 % presentó lesiones coronarias epicárdicas, siendo la más frecuente la lesión de un vaso (55 %), predominando el sexo masculino en aquellos con o sin lesiones coronarias epicárdicas. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de lesiones coronarias epicárdicas en pacientes con cardiopatía dilatada, es baja.
ABSTRACT Introduction: dilated heart disease defined as the dilation of cardiac cavities of multiple etiologies has a prevalence in adults of around 1/2.500 individuals. Transthoracic echocardiography determines chamber dilation and evaluates ventricular function, while coronary angiography can identify the mainly ischemic etiology due to involvement of the epicardial coronary arteries. The use of coronary angiography as the first line for the etiological diagnosis implies risks of an invasive method with a high cost in economic resources, for which it is imperative to determine the possible result of said procedure. Objective: to determine the frequency of epicardial coronary lesions in patients with Dilated Heart Disease in a Departmento de Cardiología in the period 2015-2021. Methodology: observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling, by reviewing the database in a Departmento de Cardiología. Results: this study included 88 patients, with dyspnea in NYHA functional class II-IV and dilated heart disease by echocardiography, of unknown etiology. Out of this group, 66% were men and 34 % women, the mean age was 56 ± 11.19 years. When undergoing diagnostic cinecoronariography, it was found that 23 % had epicardial coronary lesions, the most frequent being a lesion of a vessel (55 %), with the male sex predominating in those with or without epicardial coronary lesions. Conclusions: the frequency of epicardial coronary lesions in patients with dilated heart disease is low.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Vasos Coronários , Cardiopatias , Ecocardiografia , DispneiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Synovial cysts are commonly associated with instability. Whether to fuse patients is a matter of controversy. Simple resection may offer favorable clinical outcomes but may come at the expense of recurrence rate. We describe our experience with the minimally invasive management of these lesions using microsurgical dissection through a tubular retractor system. MATERIALS: A retrospective cohort study of symptomatic patients with synovial cysts treated by a minimally invasive tubular approach from 2001 to 2018 was performed. We evaluated variables such as preexisting spinal pathology, previous surgery, radiological findings, comorbidities, and secondary surgery requiring fusion. We used the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the Macnab scale for clinical evaluation. RESULTS: There were 35 patients with a mean age of 63 years. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 195 weeks. Axial pain was present in 77.1% of cases; radiculopathy was the main symptom in 94.3% of cases. The most frequent site was L4-L5 (62.8%). Presenting comorbidities were lumbar stenosis (28.6% of patients), spondylolisthesis (8.6%), and facet hypertrophy (31.4%). Mean surgical time was 143 minutes (range, 55-360 minutes). The mean hospital stay was 2 days, ranging from 1 to 5 days. No complications were encountered as a consequence of the surgical procedure. All patients showed neurophysiological improvement after surgical intervention. A total of 34 patients (97.14%) showed clinical improvement at the end of follow-up, averaging 17 months and ranging from 1 to 60 months, 28 patients (80%) had good to excellent Macnab outcomes, 6 patients (17.14%) were rated as fair, and 1 (2.86%) patient had a poor Macnab outcome. Radicular VAS significantly changed (P < .05) from a preoperative mean of 8.23 ± 1.24 to a postoperative mean of 2.23 ± 1.94. ODI significantly decreased (P < .05) from a preoperative of mean of 41.02 ± 12.56 to a postoperative of mean of 11.82 ± 10.56. We performed fusion at initial surgery in 37.1% of cases; however, 3 more patients required secondary fusion at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our series corroborates the prior literature with a low incidence of synovial cysts in the cervical spine and none in the thoracic spine. The present work shows the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of these lesions. Synovial cysts were associated with instability, ultimately requiring fusion in the majority of patients. The authors' study includes a large patient series with minimally invasive microsurgical decompression performed through a tubular retractor to date. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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En las dos últimas décadas la evolución de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva del tórax ha transmutado de un abordaje de tres puertos, siguiendo dos puertos hasta llegar a puerto único, conocido también como VATS Uniportal, procurando un confort mucho mejor para el paciente y resultados quirúrgicos similares. Objetivos. Presentar la técnica quirúrgica de VATS Uniportal en un hospital nacional, efectuadas por un experto internacional en este campo. Pacientes y Métodos. Se presentan dos casos clínicos quirúrgicos: El de una paciente con Miastenia Gravis a quien se le realizó timectomía por abordaje sub-xifoideo y otra paciente, a quien se le completó una lobectomía inferior derecha por hallazgos de patología posterior a la resección de un nódulo pulmonar solitario, reportado como cáncer primario de pulmón. Conclusiones. La técnica de cirugía mínimamente invasiva, VATS Uniportal, ofrece grandes beneficios para el paciente, tanto estéticos como funcionales y su aprendizaje es posible con la transmisión de conocimientos y experiencias directa con la presencia del experto o indirectas a través de la información publicada. (AU)
In the last two decades, the evolution of minimally invasive chest surgery has transmuted from a three-port approach, following two ports until reaching a single port, also known as VATS Uniportal, seeking much better comfort for the patient and similar surgical results. Objective. Present the VATS Uniportal surgical technique in a national hospital, performed by an international expert in this field. Patients and Methods. Two surgical clinical cases are presented: that of a patient with Myasthenia Gravis who underwent thymectomy through the sub-xiphoid approach and another patient, who underwent a right lower lobectomy due to findings of pathology after the resection of a pulmonary nodule. solitary, reported as primary lung cancer. Conclusions. The minimally invasive surgery technique, VATS Uniportal, offers great benefits for the patient, both aesthetic and functional and its learning is possible with the transmission of knowledge and experiences directly with the presence of the expert or indirectly through published information. (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Timectomia/métodos , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/métodos , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Toracoscopia/instrumentação , Miastenia Gravis/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Contributions from Latin America to the global literature are scarce; until 2011, spine surgeons had published 320 articles in indexed journals. METHODS: This systematic review evaluates the scientific production of the Mexican Association of Spine Surgeons (Asociación Mexicana de Cirujanos de Columna-AMCICO) from its inception in 1998 to 2018 with the PRISMA statement using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The inclusion criteria were spine-related articles in indexed journals providing any (or no) level of evidence with ≥1 AMCICO member as an author. Journal metrics, article metrics, and author variables were analyzed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Of the 444 surgeons historically belonging to AMCICO, only 126 members contributed a total of 441 articles between 1998 and 2018. An average of 21.00 annual publications with an annual scientific output per capita of 0.05 was found. The most frequent evidence level was III (211 articles, 48%), the highest level was I (12 articles, 3%). The main study objective was clinical research, with 308 articles (70%), and the main study foci was trauma, with 103 articles (23%). An average impact factor of 0.16 and 0.92 was obtained for publications in Spanish and English, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Scientific publications by AMCICO members are scarce, with a per capita annual index of 0.05 from a total of 441 articles in indexed journals. Second, the impact factor of these journals is low, with a mean value of 0.53. Further strategies should be implemented to increase the number and track the record of Mexican contributions to the scientific literature.
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Bibliometria , Neurocirurgiões/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgiões Ortopédicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraspinal tumors are 10 to 15 times less common than brain tumors. The midline approach with extensive laminectomies represents the current gold-standard for resection, causing instability, muscle damage, and kyphosis among other well-known complications. Minimally invasive series reported their results using retractor-based systems. We analyzed a patient series treated with a non-expansile tubular approach, describing the technique, grade of resection, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: A series of consecutive cases operated between 2016 and October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The database included age, sex, clinical presentation, intraspinal location (intra/extradural), number of laminotomies, grade of resection, surgical time, bleeding, and follow-up. The initial and follow-up clinical condition was analyzed using the Frankel scale. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients underwent surgery: 3 intraspinal/extradural (23%), 8 intradural/extramedullary (61.5%), and 2 intramedullary tumors (15.3%); these were classified as 5 meningiomas (38.4%), 4 neurofibromas (30.7%), 2 schwannomas (15.3%), 1 hemangioblastoma (7.6%), and 1 astrocytoma (7.6%). Eleven (84.61%) patients had complete motor improvement, 1 patient had partial improvement, and 1 patient had no improvement (7.6% each). An 18-mm working channel tube was used for extramedullary lesions and 20-mm tubes for intramedullary injuries. Total tumor resection was achieved in 11 patients (84.6%) and subtotal in 2 patients (15.38%) corresponding to intramedullary tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study consisted of a small series, we have shown the possibility of resecting intraspinal tumors (some intradural-intramedullary) with non-expansile tubes in a safe and effective way with no complications. Most of the patients had complete neurological improvement at the end of follow-up.
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Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Fixadores Internos , Microcirurgia/métodos , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Descompressão Cirúrgica/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Meningioma/cirurgia , Microcirurgia/instrumentação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Neurofibroma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurofibroma/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Scientific knowledge today is being generated more rapidly than we can assimilate thus requiring continuous review of gold-standards for diagnosis and treatment of specific pathologies. The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the best early management of spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to produce acceptable worldwide recommendations to standardize clinical practice as much as possible.The WFNS Spine Committee voted recommendations regarding management of SCI based on literature review of the last 10 years. The committee stated 9 recommendations on 3 main topics: (1) clinical assessment and classification of SCI; (2) emergency care and early management; (3) cardiopulmonary management. American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale, Spinal Cord Independence Measure, and International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Pain Data Set are considered the most useful and feasible in emergency evaluation and follow-up in case of SCI. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most indicated examination to evaluate patients with symptomatic SCI. In early phase, correction of hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg), and bradycardia are strongly recommended. Surgical decompression should be performed as soon as possible with the ideal surgical time being within 8 hours for both complete and incomplete lesions.
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Ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) reduces reperfusion arrhythmias but the antiarrhythmic mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze IPoC electrophysiological effects and the role played by adenosine A1, A2A and A3 receptors, protein kinase C, ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels, and connexin 43. IPoC reduced reperfusion arrhythmias (mainly sustained ventricular fibrillation) in isolated rat hearts, an effect associated with a transient delay in epicardial electrical activation, and with action potential shortening. Electrical impedance measurements and Lucifer-Yellow diffusion assays agreed with such activation delay. However, this delay persisted during IPoC in isolated mouse hearts in which connexin 43 was replaced by connexin 32 and in mice with conditional deletion of connexin 43. Adenosine A1, A2A and A3 receptor blockade antagonized the antiarrhythmic effect of IPoC and the associated action potential shortening, whereas exogenous adenosine reduced reperfusion arrhythmias and shortened action potential duration. Protein kinase C inhibition by chelerythrine abolished the protective effect of IPoC but did not modify the effects on action potential duration. On the other hand, glibenclamide, a KATP inhibitor, antagonized the action potential shortening but did not interfere with the antiarrhythmic effect. The antiarrhythmic mechanisms of IPoC involve adenosine receptor activation and are associated with action potential shortening. However, this action potential shortening is not essential for protection, as it persisted during protein kinase C inhibition, a maneuver that abolished IPoC protection. Furthermore, glibenclamide induced the opposite effects. In addition, IPoC delays electrical activation and electrical impedance recovery during reperfusion, but these effects are independent of connexin 43.
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Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Conexina 43/fisiologia , Pós-Condicionamento Isquêmico/métodos , Canais KATP/metabolismo , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicações , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Arritmias Cardíacas/patologia , Canais KATP/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteína Quinase C/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/genéticaRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective comparative clinical study. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess paraspinal muscle atrophy in patients who underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) and unilateral pedicle screw fixation using a novel contralateral intact muscle-controlled model. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The increased incidence of paravertebral lumbar muscle injuries after open techniques has raised the importance of implementing minimally invasive spine surgical techniques using tubular retractors and minimally invasive screw placement. The functional cross-sectional area (FCSA) represents the lean muscle mass; furthermore, FCSA is a useful marker of the contractile ability of a muscle following a spine surgery. However, the benefits of unilateral fixation and MI-TLIF on paraspinal muscles have not been defined. METHODS: We performed a retrospective imagenological review on eleven patients who underwent unilateral MI-TLIF and unilateral transpedicular screw lumbar placement. FCSAs of the multifidus and erector spinae were measured 1 year after surgery at adjacent levels and were compared to the contralateral intact muscles. Measurement differences between the surgical and nonsurgical sites were compared. The interobserver reliability was calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean FCSA at the surgical site was 20.97±5.07 cm2 at the superior level and 8.89±2.87 cm2 at the inferior level. The mean FCSA at the contralateral nonsurgical site was 20.15±5.95 cm2 at the superior level and 9.20±2.66 cm2 at the inferior level was. The superior and inferior FCSA measurements showed no significant difference between the surgical and nonsurgical sites (p=0.5, p=0.922, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Using a mini-open tubular approach through the sulcus between the longissimus and iliocostalis, MI-TLIF and unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation produced minimal paraspinal muscle damage at the superior and inferior adjacent levels.
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Resumen OBJETIVO: Identificar y describir, en una muestra poblacional acotada, las omisiones en el proceso de atención a la salud en casos de muerte materna. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo para el que se seleccionaron cuatro hospitales federales de referencia, ubicados en la Ciudad de México, para revisión de los casos de muerte materna ocurridos entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2017. Para la identificación de las omisiones en el proceso de atención, se estudiaron 11 variables del dictamen de muerte materna: oportunidad del diagnóstico clínico, tratamiento otorgado, atención de complicaciones, atención prenatal, oportunidad de la atención médica, registro de datos en el expediente, previsibilidad de la muerte materna y muertes susceptibles de evitarse por el hospital. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 150 casos de muerte materna. El 36% de los casos se dictaminaron como muertes que pudieron evitarse por el hospital y 71% como muertes susceptibles de prevención mediante diagnóstico. No recibieron atención prenatal 92 pacientes (61%); en 52 casos (35%) los registros médicos en el expediente clínico estaban incompletos. CONCLUSIONES: Los dictámenes elaborados por los comités señalan las acciones que no se llevaron a cabo durante el proceso de atención. El subregistro de datos en los expedientes clínicos es una omisión que afecta negativamente el análisis de los casos y la integración de los dictámenes por parte de los comités. El porcentaje elevado de evitabilidad y previsibilidad de los casos refleja probables deficiencias durante la atención en diferentes áreas y permite definir acciones correctivas para disminuir su ocurrencia.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: Identify and describe, in a limited population sample, the omissions in the health care process in cases of maternal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive and retrospective study. Four federal referral hospitals were selected, located in Mexico City and the cases of maternal death occurred between January 2010 and December 2017. For the identification of the omissions in the care process, 11 variables of the opinion were studied. of maternal death: opportunity of clinical diagnosis, treatment granted, care of complications, prenatal care, opportunity for medical attention, record of data in the file, predictability of maternal death and avoidable deaths by the hospital. RESULTS: 150 cases of maternal death were reviewed. 36% of the cases were ruled as preventable deaths by the hospital and 71% as preventable deaths by diagnosis. Ninety-two patients (61%) did not receive prenatal care; in 52 cases (35%), the medical records in the clinical file were incomplete. CONCLUSIONS: The opinions drawn up by the Committees indicate the actions that were not carried out during the care process. The underreporting of data in the clinical files is an omission that negatively affects the analysis of the cases and the integration of the opinions by the committees. The high percentage of preventability and predictability of the cases, reflects probable deficiencies during the attention in different areas and allows to define corrective actions to reduce their occurrence.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the learning curve that shows the progress of a single neurosurgeon when performing single-level MI-TLIF. Methods: We included 99 consecutive patients who underwent single-level MI-TLIF by the same neurosurgeon (JASS). Patient's demographic characteristics were analyzed. In addition, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were evaluated. The learning curves were calculated with a piecewise regression model. Results: The mean age was 54.6 years. The learning curves showed an inverse relationship between the surgical experience and the variable analyzed, reaching an inflection point for surgical time in case 43 and for blood loss in case 48. The mean surgical time was 203.3 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 150-240 minutes), intraoperative bleeding was 97.4ml (IQR 40-100ml) and hospital stay of four days (IQR 3-5 days). Conclusions: MI-TLIF is a very frequent surgical procedure due to its effectiveness and safety, which has shown similar results to open procedure. According to this study, the required learning curve is slightly higher than for open procedures, and is reached after about 45 cases.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a curva de aprendizagem que mostra o progresso de um único neurocirurgião na realização de MI-TLIF em um só nível. Métodos: Foram incluídos 99 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a MI-TLIF de um só nível pelo mesmo neurocirurgião (JASS). Foram analisadas as características demográficas dos pacientes. Além disso, avaliou-se o tempo operatório, a perda de sangue intraoperatória e o tempo de internação hospitalar. As curvas de aprendizagem foram realizadas com um modelo de regressão segmentada. Resultados: A média de idade foi 54,6 anos. As curvas de aprendizagem mostraram uma relação inversa entre a experiência cirúrgica e a variável analisada, atingindo um ponto de inflexão para o tempo de cirurgia no caso 43 e da perda sanguínea no caso 48. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 203,3 minutos (amplitude interquartil [IQR] 150 - 240 minutos), de sangramento intraoperatório foi 97,4 ml (IQR 40-100 ml) e de internação hospitalar foi de quatro dias (IQR 3-5 dias). Conclusões: O MI-TLIF é um procedimento realizado com muita frequência devido à sua eficácia e segurança, que tem mostrado resultados comparáveis com o procedimento aberto. De acordo com este estudo, a curva de aprendizagem necessária é ligeiramente maior do que para os procedimentos abertos, sendo que é atingida depois de cerca de 45 casos.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la curva de aprendizaje que muestre el progreso de un sólo neurocirujano para la realización de MI-TLIF de un sólo nivel. Métodos: Se incluyeron 99 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a MI-TLIF en un solo nivel por un mismo neurocirujano (JASS). Se analizaron las características demográficas de los pacientes. Además se evaluó el tiempo quirúrgico, sangrado transoperatorio y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Las curvas de aprendizaje se realizaron con un modelo de regresión dividida en segmentos. Resultados: Se obtuvo un promedio de edad de 54,6 años. Las curvas de aprendizaje mostraron una relación inversa entre la experiencia quirúrgica y la variable analizada, alcanzando un punto de inflexión para tiempo quirúrgico en el caso 43 y para el sangrado en el caso 48. El promedio de tiempo quirúrgico fue de 203,3 minutos (amplitud intercuartil [IQR] 150 - 240 minutos), del sangrado transoperatorio fue 97,4 ml (IQR 40 - 100 ml) y de la estancia hospitalaria fue de cutro días (IQR 3 - 5 días). Conclusiones: El MI-TLIF es un procedimiento realizado con gran frecuencia debido a su efectividad y seguridad y que ha demostrado resultados equiparables con el procedimiento abierto. De acuerdo a este estudio la curva de aprendizaje requerida es discretamente mayor que para procedimientos abiertos, alcanzándola aproximadamente tras 45 casos.
Assuntos
Curva de Aprendizado , Fusão Vertebral , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Degeneração do Disco IntervertebralRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To report two cases of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy with monosegmental instability, in which we performed a minimally invasive microsurgical transmuscular approach with tubular retractors to create a single-door plate laminoplasty combined with fixation of the unstable segment with lateral mass screws. Methods: The surgical procedures were performed by the senior author. In both patients, the follow-up was performed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Visual Analogue Scale for neck and radicular pain (radVAS, neckVAS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36), in the preoperative (preop) and postoperative (postop) periods, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. A radiological evaluation also was performed, which included AP, lateral and flexion-extension films at 6, 12 and 24 months and CT-scan at 12 months. Results: Case 1 - preop ODI: 40%, 24 months postop ODI: 4%; preop radVAS: 7, 24 months radVAS: 0; preop neckVAS: 8, postop 24 months neckVAS: 0; preopNDI: 43%, 24 months PostopNDI: 8%; SF-36 - preop Physical Functioning (PF): 40, preop Vitality (VT): 40, preop Emotional role functioning (RE): 33.3, Bodily pain (BP): 51, General Health (GH): 57, Social Functioning (SF): 75; postop PF: 95, VT: 95, RE: 100, BP: 74, GH: 87, SF: 100. Case 2 - preopODI: 46%, 24 months postopODI: 10%; preop radVAS: 7, 24m radVAS: 0; preop neckVAS: 9, postop 24 months neckVAS: 0; preopNDI: 56%, 24 months PostopNDI: 15%; SF-36 - preop PF: 39, VT: 45, RE: 33.3, BP: 50, GH: 49, SF: 70; postop PF: 90, VT: 100, RE: 100, BP: 82, GH: 87, SF: 100. No complications, cervical instability or signs of failed surgery were found trough and at final follow-up at 24 months. We found significant clinical improvement in both patients. Conclusions: Minimally invasive cervical laminoplasty combined with lateral mass screw fixation for the unstable segment is a useful technique in cases with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with monosegmental instability. Additional comparative studies are needed to establish its efficacy.
RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar dois casos de mielopatia espondilótica cervical em múltiplos níveis com instabilidade de um só segmento, nos quais realizamos uma microcirurgia minimamente invasiva por via transmuscular com retratores tubulares para criar uma laminoplastia em porta aberta com fixação do segmento instável com parafusos de massa lateral. Métodos: Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados pelo autor principal. Em ambos os pacientes, o acompanhamento foi realizado usando Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry (ODI), Escala Visual Analógica para dor cervical e radicular (EVAc e EVArad), Índice de Incapacidade Relacionada ao Pescoço (NDI) e o Short Form 36 (SF-36) nos períodos pré-operatório (pré-op) e pós-operatório (pós-op) e em 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 e 24 meses. Realizou-se também a avaliação radiológica, que incluiu vistas AP, laterais e de flexão-extensão aos 6, 12 e 24 meses e TC aos 12 meses. Resultados: Caso 1 - ODI pré-op: 40%, ODI 24 meses pós-op: 4%; pré-op EVArad: 7, EVArad 4 meses: 0; EVAc pré-op: 8, EVAc pós-op 24 meses: 0; NDI pré-op: 43%, NDI pós-op 24 meses: 8%; SF-36 - capacidade funcional (CF) pré-op: 40, vitalidade (VT) pré-op: 40, aspectos emocionais (AE) pré-op: 33,3, dor (D): 51, estado geral da saúde (ES): 57, aspectos sociais (AS): 75; CF : 95, VT: 95, AE: 100, D: 74, ES: 87, AS: 100 pós-op. Caso 2 - ODI pré-op: 46%, ODI 24 meses pós-op: 10%; EVArad pré-op : 7, EVArad 24 meses: 0; EVAc pré-op: 9, EVAc 24 meses pós-op: 0; NDI pré-op: 56%, NDI 24 meses pós-op: 15%; SF-36 pré-op: CF: 39, VT: 45, AE: 33,3, D: 50, ES: 49, AS: 70; CF: 90, VT: 100, AE: 100, D: 82, ES: 87, AS: 100 pós-op. Não houve complicações, instabilidade cervical ou sinais de falha da cirurgia durante o acompanhamento de 24 meses. Ambos os pacientes apresentaram melhoras significativas. Conclusões: A laminoplastia cervical minimamente invasiva combinada com fixação de parafuso de massa lateral do segmento instável é uma técnica útil nos casos com mielopatia espondilótica cervical em vários níveis associada à instabilidade de um só segmento. É necessário realizar estudos comparativos adicionais para estabelecer a eficácia do procedimento.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Relatar dos casos de mielopatía espondilótica cervical en múltiples niveles con inestabilidad de un solo segmento, en los que realizamos una microcirugía mínimamente invasiva por vía transmuscular con retractores tubulares para crear una laminoplastia en puerta abierta con fijación del segmento inestable con tornillos de masa lateral. Métodos: Los procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron realizados por el autor principal. En ambos pacientes, el seguimiento fue realizado usando Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry (ODI), Escala Visual Analógica para dolor en el cuello y radicular (EVAc y EVArad), Índice de Discapacidad Cervical (NDI) y el Short Form 36 (SF-36) en los períodos preoperatorio (preop) y postoperatorio (posop) y en 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 y 24 meses. Se realizó también la evaluación radiológica, que incluyó proyecciones AP, laterales y de flexión-extensión a los 6, 12 y 24 meses y TC a los 12 meses. Resultados: Caso 1 - ODI preop: 40%, ODI 24 meses posop: 4%; EVArad preop: 7, EVArad 4 meses: 0; EVAc preop: 8, EVAc posop 24 meses: 0; NDI preop: 43%, NDI posop 24 meses: 8%; SF-36 - función física (FF) preop: 40, vitalidad (VT) preop: 40, rol emocional (RE) preop: 33,3, dolor corporal (DC): 51, salud general (SG): 57, función social (FS): 75; FF: 95, VT: 95, RE: 100, DC: 74, SG: 87, FS: 100 posop. Caso 2 - ODI preop: 46%, ODI 24 meses posop: 10%; EVArad preop: 7, EVArad 24 meses: 0; EVAc preop: 9, EVAc 24 meses posop: 0; NDI preop: 56%, NDI 24 meses posop: 15%; SF-36 preop: FF: 39, VT: 45, RE: 33,3, D: 50, SG: 49, FS: 70 preop; FF: 90, VT 100, RE 100, DC 82, SG: 87, FS: 100 posop. No hubo complicaciones, inestabilidad cervical o signos de falla de la cirugía durante el seguimiento de 24 meses. Ambos pacientes presentaron mejoras significativas. Conclusiones: La laminoplastia cervical mínimamente invasiva combinada con fijación de tornillo de masa lateral del segmento inestable es una técnica útil en los casos con mielopatía espondilótica cervical en múltiples niveles asociada a la inestabilidad de un solo segmento. Es necesario realizar estudios comparativos adicionales para establecer la eficacia del procedimiento.
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Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Doenças da Medula Espinal , Parafusos Ósseos , LaminectomiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) has become one of the standard techniques for approaching ipsilateral decompression, anterior column fusion, and posterior stabilization. This procedure is usually accompanied by the placement of bilateral transpedicular screws in the corresponding segment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of unilateral screw fixation compared with bilateral fixation in patients diagnosed with low-grade symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent an MI-TLIF technique. METHODS: A prospective and comparative study was performed in 67 patients with grade 1 symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis. The sample was allocated on both unilateral fixation group (n=33) and bilateral fixation group (n=34). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain, and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), preoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Changes over time and differences between the groups were analyzed. Statistical analyses included: Friedman test, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney's U. A two-tailed P value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: During 1-year of evaluation there were no significant clinical differences between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with grade 1 symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with MI-TLIF with unilateral screw fixation had similar clinical results than those treated with bilateral fixation at 12 months postoperatively.