RESUMO

Introduction: This case report presents the intentional periodontal maintenance of two periodontal hopeless lower central incisors with a multidisciplinary approach and 20-year follow-up. Case presentation: A 36-year-old male, in 2001, was diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, gingival swelling, bleeding, and mandibular central incisors with mobility and poor prognosis. Following periodontal therapy (phase I), root canal treatment, and occlusal adjustment, #31 and #41 were gently extracted to remove the granulation tissues, calculus, and infected cementum from the root surface. Then, tetracycline-HCl was applied for 5 minutes on the root surfaces. The teeth were repositioned into the sockets and splinted with a lingual bar. At 3 months, the bar was removed, and a free gingival autogenous graft was done to improve the local keratinized tissue width. Mobility scores, pocket depths, and clinical attachment levels were recorded, and radiographs were taken at 1, 5, and 20 years. The 5-year follow-up showed that the teeth were clinically and radiographically in function. There was a reduction in probing depth and a gain in clinical attachment and radiographic alveolar bone levels. After 20 years, #41 was stable, but #31 had external root resorption, leading to a new treatment plan (dental implants) and extraction. Conclusion: The clinical result of this case was satisfactory for 20 years. Intentional periodontal maintenance of the teeth may be an alternative treatment, even considering the high level of complexity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract: Studies have found that blood flow to the renal medulla is an important determinant of pressure-natriuresis and the long-term regulation of arterial pressure. First, a brief review of methods developed enabling the study of the medullary circulation is presented. Second, studies performed in rats are presented showing medullary blood flow plays a vital role in the pressure-natriuresis relationship and thereby in hypertension. Third, it is shown that chronic reduction of medullary blood flow results in hypertension and that enhancement of medullary blood flow reduces hypertension hereditary models of both salt-sensitive rats and salt-resistant forms of hypertension. The key role that medullary nitric oxide production plays in protecting this region from ischemic injury associated with circulating vasoconstrictor agents and reactive oxygen species is presented. The studies cited are largely the work of my students, research fellows, and colleagues with whom I have performed these studies dating from the late 1980s to more recent years.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción. La urticaria crónica es una afección inflamatoria de la piel caracterizada por presencia de habones evanescentes y/o angioedema, que ocurren durante un período ≥ 6 semanas. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de esta enfermedad y describir características clínicas en niños y adolescentes menores de 19 años de un hospital general. Población y métodos. Estudio corte transversal, realizado entre el 2015 y el 2020, en una población de niños y adolescentes de un sistema de salud privado. Resultados. Se revisaron 1567 historias clínicas de pacientes con urticaria atendidos durante el período de estudio. Se identificaron 36 pacientes con urticaria crónica; se estableció una prevalencia del 0,16 % (IC95% 0,11-0,22). Conclusión. La prevalencia de urticaria crónica en niños y adolescentes fue del 0,16 %. Se observó mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino y adolescentes.

Introduction. Chronic urticaria is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of evanescent wheals or angioedema that last for ≥ 6 weeks. Objective. To determine the prevalence of urticaria and describe its clinical characteristics in children and adolescents under 19 years of age in a general hospital. Population and methods. This was a cross-sectional study carried out between 2015 and 2020 in a population of children and adolescents seen at a private healthcare facility. Results. A total of 1567 medical records of patients with urticaria seen during the study period were reviewed. Thirty-six patients with chronic urticaria were identified; the prevalence was 0.16% (95% CI: 0.11­0.22). Conclusion. The prevalence of chronic urticaria in children and adolescents was 0.16%. A higher frequency was observed among girls and adolescents.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Historically, it takes an average of 17 years for new treatments to move from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. Now is the time to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions are diagnosed worldwide, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because it is often silent in the early stages. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from the patient to the clinician to the health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay.

Resumo Historicamente, são necessários, em média, 17 anos para que novos tratamentos passem da evidência clínica para a prática diária. Considerando os tratamentos altamente eficazes disponíveis atualmente para prevenir ou retardar o início e a progressão da doença renal, esse período é demasiadamente longo. Agora é o momento de reduzir a lacuna entre o que sabemos e aquilo que fazemos. Existem diretrizes claras para a prevenção e o manejo dos fatores de risco comuns para doenças renais, como hipertensão e diabetes, mas apenas uma fração das pessoas com essas condições é diagnosticada mundialmente, e um número ainda menor recebe tratamento adequado. Da mesma forma, a grande maioria das pessoas que sofrem de doença renal não têm conhecimento de sua condição, pois ela costuma ser silenciosa nos estágios iniciais. Mesmo entre pacientes que foram diagnosticados, muitos não recebem tratamento adequado para a doença renal. Levando em consideração as graves consequências da progressão da doença renal, insuficiência renal ou óbito, é imperativo que os tratamentos sejam iniciados precocemente e de maneira adequada. As oportunidades para diagnosticar e tratar precocemente a doença renal devem ser maximizadas, começando no nível da atenção primária. Existem muitas barreiras sistemáticas, que vão desde o paciente até o médico, passando pelos sistemas de saúde e por fatores sociais. Para preservar e melhorar a saúde renal para todos em qualquer lugar, cada uma dessas barreiras deve ser reconhecida para que soluções sustentáveis sejam desenvolvidas e implementadas sem mais demora.

RESUMO

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) stands as the predominant type of brainstem glioma. It is characterized by a notably brief median survival period, with the majority of patients experiencing disease progression within six months following radiation therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) compared to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) in DIPG treatment. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases, and relevant studies comparing HFRT and CFRT in DIPG were included. Data were extracted and analyzed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-related toxicities. Statistical analysis was performed using random-effects models with heterogeneity assessment. Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 518 patients. No significant difference in one-year OS was observed between HFRT and CFRT (29% vs. 22%, p = 0.94). The median OS was similar in both treatment groups (9.7 vs. 9.3 months, p = 0.324). Similarly, no significant difference in one-year PFS was found between HFRT and CFRT (19.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.82), with comparable median PFS (9.3 vs. 9.4 months, p = 0.20). In meta-regression analysis, there was no association of chemotherapy (p > 0.05) or radiation biologically effective dose (BED) (p > 0.05) regarding OS or PFS outcomes. There were no significant differences in treatment-related toxicities. Conclusions: HFRT yields one-year OS and PFS rates similar to CFRT in DIPG, with no significant differences in treatment-related toxicities. Chemotherapy and BED did not affect OS or PFS.

RESUMO

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic neurocutaneous autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors (hamartomas) affecting various systems. Heart-benign tumors that result from the complex are called cardiac rhabdomyomas. Unlike hamartomas that occur in other organs, cardiac rhabdomyomas are most prevalent in infants and very young children with tuberous sclerosis complex. We present a case of a young adult with tuberous sclerosis who had an unusually late diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyomas. Case report: A 22-year-old male patient of Afro-descendant, diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex in childhood, presented with refractory epilepsy and was treated only with lacosamide. The patient came to medical consultation due to a recent history of episodic, persistent chest pain in the sternal region, associated with physical effort. Echocardiography revealed a non-dilated left ventricle, with several rounded masses of high echogenicity without pedicles at the apical level, the largest measuring 14 × 11 mm, consistent with cardiac rhabdomyomas. Conclusion: Cardiac rhabdomyomas rarely develop in adulthood for individuals with tuberous sclerosis. These late-onset cases can exhibit various symptoms, from simple to complex presentations. Regular clinical checkups are essential for adults with tuberous sclerosis complex.

RESUMO

Protein compartmentalization in the frame of a liquid-liquid phase separation is a key mechanism to optimize spatiotemporal control of biological systems. Such a compartmentalization process reduces the intrinsic noise in protein concentration due to stochasticity in gene expression. Employing Flory-Huggins solution theory, Avramov/Casalini's model, and the Grüneisen parameter, we unprecedentedly propose a cellular Griffiths-like phase (CGLP), which can impact its functionality and self-organization. The here-proposed CGLP is key ranging from the understanding of primary organisms' evolution to the treatment of diseases. Our findings pave the way for an alternative Biophysics approach to investigate coacervation processes.

RESUMO

The Amazon region is known for its continental dimension, water abundance, and especially for the rich biodiversity that this biome hosts. Among the thousands of plant species in the Amazon, many represent food sources. Among these, cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.) stands out as an iconic fruit with an exotic flavor, appreciated for its remarkable organoleptic properties. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive description of its biology, agronomical uses, nutritional values, chemical compositions, medicinal properties, and industrial applications. The search based on scientific articles demonstrates T. grandiflorum as a valuable ingredient for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. Data analysis demonstrates that cupuaçu cultivation and processing contribute to the strengthening of local production chains and promotes the development of small communities, and thus the bioeconomy in the Amazon region. In this sense, since the last decade, cultivar improvement has required multidisciplinary efforts, resulting in disease-resistant plants with better productivity. Regarding its chemical composition, T. grandiflorum is a notable source of methylxanthine alkaloids, polyphenols, aroma compounds, and lipids. The presence of these compounds supports the use of cupuaçu in various products and help us to understand the potential health benefits of its consumption. Through the integration of all collected information, key gaps in basic and applied sciences were observed, highlighting the need for more research to uncover novel applications and products of T. grandiflorum. The development of new products based on biodiversity is fundamental to promoting environmental and economic sustainability, which are key steps to the survival of the Amazon rainforest. Therefore, this work summarizes the knowledge on this source and sheds light on a food source that is little known outside of the Amazon borders.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study applies natural resources, prioritizing recyclable and renewable inputs produced by pinhão cultivation, whose purpose is to use the failures, shells, and almonds as a source of bioactive compounds addition in yogurt, ensuring intelligent use of these natural resources. Thus, one açaí yogurt sample and eight yogurt formulations containing portions of pinhão byproducts between 5 % and 10 % were elaborated. These formulations were compared regarding their physicochemical, nutritional, functional properties, antimicrobial activity, and multi-elemental profile properties. Enriching açaí yogurt with pinhão byproducts does not significantly differ in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral salt content between all samples with pinhão byproducts. Açaí yogurts enriched with pinhão byproducts had 5.71 to 26.07 % times total protein than the control sample, and total fiber also had a significant increase in samples ranging between 18.62 to 85.29 % times more than the control sample. Regarding color settings, all yogurt samples tended to be red-purple. A sample of açaí yogurt with pine nut flour and whole pine nut flour caused a biofilm mass amount of 46.58, 45.55, and 11.85 % for Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The behavior of pathogenic bacteria is related to the total polyphenol content in yogurts enriched with pinhão byproducts, which increased from 8.27 to 18.24 mg/100 g. Yogurt with açaí enriched with whole pinhão flour showed high antioxidant capacity. The sample's antioxidant activity results increased by 47.62 % and 130.38 % in the ABTS and DPPH analyses, respectively. The compounds in pinhão failure nanosuspensions, pinhão flour, whole pinhão flour, and yogurts were identified and divided into hydrophilic and lipophilic classes. Five classes (amino acids, organic acids, sugars, phenols, and cyclitols) were identified as hydrophilic. Lipophilic compounds were identified and separated into six classes (carboxylic acids, diterpenes, alcohols, Α-hydroxy acids, sterols, and triterpenes). The addition of pinhão byproducts increased the contents of Ca, Fe, K, Na, and P. Açaí yogurt with pinhão nanosuspension, pinhão flour, and whole pinhão flour had the highest Ca content (2164.38 ± 2.16 µg/L). Açaí yogurt with pinhão flour and whole pinhão flour had the highest Fe content (84.02 ± 0.08 µg/L).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Understanding the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and considering it in the selection process is a sine qua non condition for the expansion of Brazilian eucalyptus silviculture. This study's objective is to select high-performance and stable eucalyptus clones based on a novel selection index that considers the Factor Analytic Selection Tools (FAST) and the clone's reliability. The investigation explores the nuances interplay of GEI and extends its insights by scrutinizing the relationship between latent factors and real environmental features. The analysis, conducted across seven trials in five Brazilian states involving 78 clones, employs FAST. The clonal selection was performed using an extended FAST index weighted by the clone's reliability. Further insights about GEI emerge from the integration of factor loadings with 25 environmental features through a principal component analysis. Ten clones, distinguished by high performance, stability, and reliability, have been selected across the target population of environments. The environmental features most closely associated with factor loadings, encompassing air temperature, radiation, and soil characteristics, emerge as pivotal drivers of GEI within this dataset. This study contributes insights to eucalyptus breeders, equipping them to enhance decision-making by harnessing a holistic understanding-from the genotypes under evaluation to the diverse environments anticipated in commercial plantations.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Ceramic membranes have been widely used in oil-water treatment; however, membrane fouling remains a challenge that must be addressed to improve the process feasibility. A thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) was dynamically deposited on the surface of the alumina hollow fiber membranes to reduce oil adhesion. The PDA-alumina membranes were characterized by using SEM-EDS, AFM, and water contact angle measurements. The performance of the modified membranes was evaluated using synthetic crude oil emulsions (100 mg·L-1) in a crossflow system. Membranes modified with PDA exhibited 97% oil rejection, and a stabilized permeate flux of 463 L·h-1·m-2 with a relative flux reduction of 60% and a flux recovery ratio of 75% was observed after cleaning, indicating lower oil adhesion and better fouling reversibility. The most predominant fouling mechanism for the modified membranes seems to be cake filtration because of the reduction in pore size due to the deposition of the PDA layer.

RESUMO

The need to increase food production to address the world population growth can only be fulfilled with precision agriculture strategies to increase crop yield with minimal expansion of the cultivated area. One example is site-specific fertilization based on accurate monitoring of soil nutrient levels, which can be made more cost-effective using sensors. This study developed an impedimetric multisensor array using ion-selective membranes to analyze soil samples enriched with macronutrients (N, P, and K), which is compared with another array based on layer-by-layer films. The results obtained from both devices are analyzed with multidimensional projection techniques and machine learning methods, where a decision tree model algorithm chooses the calibrations (best frequencies and sensors). The multicalibration space method indicates that both devices effectively distinguished all soil samples tested, with the ion-selective membrane setup presenting a higher sensitivity to K content. These findings pave the way for more environmentally friendly and efficient agricultural practices, facilitating the mapping of cropping areas for precise fertilizer application and optimized crop yield.

RESUMO

AIMS: Incomplete decongestion due to lack of titration of diuretics to effective doses is a common reason for readmission in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The natriuretic response prediction equation (NRPE) is a novel tool that proved to be rapid and accurate to predict natriuretic response and does not need urine collection. However, the NRPE has not been externally validated. The goal of this study was to externally validate the discrimination capacity of the NRPE in patients with ADHF and fluid overload. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients admitted with ADHF who required intravenous loop diuretics were included. A spot urine sample was obtained ~2 h following diuretic administration, and a timed 6-h urine collection by study staff was carried out. Urine sodium and urine creatinine from the spot urine sample were used to predict the 6-h natriuretic response using the NRPE. The primary goal was to validate the NRPE to discriminate poor loop diuretic natriuretic response (sodium output <50 mmol in the 6 h following diuretic administration). The NRPE was compared with urine sodium and measured urine output which are the methods currently recommended by international guidelines to assess diuretic response. Eighty-seven diuretic administrations from 49 patients were analysed. Mean age of patients was 57 ± 17 years and 67% were male. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 65 ± 28 mL/min/1.73 m2, and ejection fraction was 35 ± 15%. Median dose of intravenous furosemide equivalents administered the day of the study was 80 mg (IQR 40 - 160). Poor natriuretic response occurred in 39% of the visits. The AUC of the NRPE to predict poor natriuretic response during the 6-h urine collection was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.98). Compared with the NRPE, spot urine sodium concentration (AUC 0.75) and urine output during the corresponding nursing shift (AUC 0.74) showed lower discrimination capacity. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients with ADHF, the NRPE outperformed spot urine sodium concentration and all other metrics related to diuretic response to predict poor natriuretic response. Our findings support the use of this equation at other settings to allow rapid and accurate prediction of natriuretic response.

RESUMO

Marine organisms produce a variety of compounds with pharmacological activities. In order to better comprehend the medicinal value of five particular seaweed orders Ulvales (Ulva intestinalis), Bryopsidales (Codium decorticatum), Ectocarpales (Iyengaria stellata), Dictyotales (Spatoglossum aspermum) and Gigartinales (Hypnea musciformis), a bioactive analysis including the screening of phytochemical components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was the aim of the investigation. The species include U. intestinalis was collected from Sandspit, while C. decorticatum, I. stellata, S. aspermum, and H. musciformis were gathered from Buleji. These species evaluated for their ability to inhibit human infectious gram positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Additionally vegetable pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, and fruit pathogens (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were evaluated to determine the zone of inhibition. Two organic solvents, ethanol and methanol, were used to prepare seaweed extract. The disc diffusion method was utilized to quantify the zone of inhibition and the DPPH method was employed to measure the antioxidant activity. The study unveiled various phyto-constituents in the tested seaweeds, with flavonoids, tannins, and proteins found in all selected species, while saponins, terpenoids, and carbohydrates were absent in I. stellata and S. aspermum. Notably, ethanolic extracts of I. stellata and S. aspermum demonstrated superior higher antioxidant activity, with increasing percentages of inhibition from 1 to 6 mg/ml. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the ethanolic extract of U. intestinalis displayed the highest resistance against F. oxysporum and A. flavous among other seaweeds. Meanwhile, the ethanolic extract of C. decorticatum exhibited the highest resistance against A. Niger. Additionally, the ethanolic extract of I. stellata and H. musciformis displayed the highest resistance against the gram-negative bacteria E. coli and the gram-positive bacteria S. epidermidis, whereas the methanolic extract of U. intestinalis demonstrated the highest resistance against the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus. The findings of this investigation show that a range of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties are involved in the antimicrobial activities of disease-causing pathogens.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and quality of life (QoL) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: This study will be a randomized, controlled, parallel, and blinded clinical trial. The final sample will consist of 32 women diagnosed with SUI and cystocele (stage I and II). All volunteers will be assessed and reassessed using the same protocol: assessment form, gynecological examination, functional evaluation of PFM, and questionnaires to assess quality of life, urinary function, and sexual function. All volunteers will be evaluated for satisfaction levels post-treatment. The intervention will be PFMT, totaling 16 sessions to be conducted twice a week. Reevaluation will take place at the end of treatment and 1 month after completion of PFMT. Descriptive analysis and repeated measures ANOVA will be used for result analysis. A significance level of p<0.05 will be considered for all statistical tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been submitted to the Ethics in Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and approved under protocol number 5.826.563. It has been registered with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry ReBec (RBR-49p6g3t). It is expected that these studies will provide a deeper understanding of the efficacy of PFMT in women with SUI and cystocele. Additionally, it aims to provide more insights into the efficacy of PFMT prior to surgery.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted disease characterized by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which results in motor and non-motor dysfunctions. Accumulation of α-synuclein (αSYN) in Lewy bodies is a key pathological feature of PD. Although the exact cause of PD remains unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that brain infiltration of T cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of disease, contributing to neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Here, we used a mouse model of brain-infused aggregated αSYN, which recapitulates motor and non-motor dysfunctions seen in PD patients. We found that αSYN-induced motor dysfunction in mice is accompanied by an increased number of brain-residing Th17 (IL17+ CD4+) cells, but not CD8+ T cells. To evaluate whether the modulation of T cell response could rescue αSYN-induced damage, we chronically treated animals with abatacept (8 mg/kg, sc, 3x per week), a selective T-cell co-stimulation modulator. We found that abatacept treatment decreased Th1 (IFNƔ+ CD4+) and Th17 (IL17+ CD4+) cells in the brain, rescued motor function and prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss in αSYN-infused mice. These results highlight the significance of effector CD4+ T cells, especially Th17, in the progression of PD and introduce novel possibilities for repurposing immunomodulatory drugs used for arthritis as PD-modifying therapies.

RESUMO

Nanoparticles play a crucial role in the field of nanotechnology, offering different properties due to their surface area attributed to their small size. Among them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant attention due to their antimicrobial properties, with applications that date back from ancient medicinal practices to contemporary commercial products containing ions or silver nanoparticles. AgNPs possess broad-spectrum biocidal potential against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and Mycobacterium, in addition to exhibiting synergistic effects when combined with certain antibiotics. The mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial action include the generation of oxygen-reactive species, damage to DNA, rupture of bacterial cell membranes and inhibition of protein synthesis. Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of AgNPs against various clinically relevant bacterial strains through their potential to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This review investigates the proteomic mechanisms by which AgNPs exert their antimicrobial effects, with a special focus on their activity against planktonic bacteria and in biofilms. Furthermore, it discusses the biomedical applications of AgNPs and their potential non-preparation of antibiotic formulations, also addressing the issue of resistance to antibiotics.

RESUMO

The mono- and divalent spacer cation investigation in sodium/indium-based 2D double perovskites revealed significant impacts on optoelectronic properties due to distortions in the inorganic layers. The strong electron-phonon coupling in a novel lead-free Dion-Jacobson phase highlights a promising class for broad-emission devices based on self-trapped excitons (STE), offering enhanced structural stability.

RESUMO

In the context of biorefinery, researchers have been looking for lignocellulosic biomasses and ideal treatments to produce economically viable biofuels. In this scenario, the bamboo culm appears as a plant matrix of great potential, given the high cellulose content of low crystallinity. Thus, the objective and differential of this work was to determine the best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose extracted from bamboo culm and to evaluate its potential application in the production of bioethanol through Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae modified via CRISPR/Cas9. The average cellulose extraction yield was 41.87 % with an extraction efficiency of 86.76 %. In general, as the hydrolysis time increased, an increase in glucose production was observed in almost all assays, with higher hydrolysis efficiency values at 72 h. The results ranged from 2.09 to 19.8 g/L of glucose obtained with efficiency values of 10.47 to 99 %. The best conditions were found in test 5 (temperature of 36 °C and pH 5.0, with only 10 FPU/g of substrate Cellic Ctec2 Novozymes ® cocktail). It is observed that for all hydrolysis times the independent variables pH and temperature were significant under the hydrolysis efficiency, showing a negative effect, indicating that higher values of the same promote lower values of the response variable. For bioethanol production, a maximum concentration of 7.84 g/L was observed for the SSH process after 4 h of fermentation, while for the SSF process it was 12.6 g/L after 24 h of fermentation, indicating the large potential of the simultaneous process together with the application of bamboo culm biomass for high production of biofuel.

Assuntos