RESUMO
Concentrations of heavy metals were quantified in mussels Perna perna and Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas in 28 cultivation sites in the North and South Bays, SC (Brazil). Concentrations of pesticides were also quantified in these bivalve, water and sediment samples collected in 14 cultivation sites on four occasions in the period October 2012-October 2013. Pesticides were not detected in any of the mussel, oyster, water or sediment samples. The South Bay was found to be generally more contaminated with As while the North Bay showed higher concentrations of Ni. Concentrations of Pb and Cd were below the limit of detection of the method (0.5mg/kg) in all samples. Mussels accumulated more As and Ni than oysters, while the opposite was observed for Cu. Metal concentrations were below the maximum levels for foodstuffs specified in the Brazilian legislation.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Pesados/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Baías/química , Brasil , Crassostrea , Perna (Organismo) , Frutos do MarRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to compare two different methods of evaluating bull sperm morphology, bright-field (BF) microscopy of eosin-nigrosin (EN) stained dry-mount semen smears and differential interference phase contrast (DIC) microscopy of wet-mount semen 'fixed' in isotonic formal saline, both at 1000x. Ejaculates (n=72) were evaluated, representing both pre- and post-breeding season ejaculates collected from 40 2-yr-old beef bulls via electro-ejaculation. For both methods, 200 sperm were counted in random fields with defects categorized as major (MAD) and minor (MID). Sperm abnormalities were also placed into two other categories: those considered to be most influenced by process (wet or dry, METHDEF) and those with depictions that could be influenced by optics (BF or DIC, OPTIDEF). Differences (P<0.05) occurred between DIC and BF methods respectively: MAD 23.3/16.1, MID 7.6/13.4, acrosome 3.8/1.1, midpiece 9.2/11.7, tail 2.0/4.7, droplets 8.3/4.2, METHDEF 14.2/21.4 and OPTIDEF 13.0/5.5, but not (P>0.05) in percent normal sperm 69.1/70.4 or sperm head defects 7.5/8.3. Acrosome, tail and droplet defects were observed in 98.2/80.5, 86.1/100 and 98.2/94.4 percent of bulls for DIC and BF, respectively (P<0.05). As percent normal sperm did not differ between methods, bright-field microscopy assessment of EN preparations was considered to be a satisfactory method to categorize breeding soundness of bulls. However, DIC was more effective in visualizing major defects, while BF (which included stained smear preparation) was considered to cause more minor defects. Thus DIC was considered to be the preferred method of semen assessment for accurate assessment of sperm morphology in bulls.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Microscopia/métodos , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Acrossomo/ultraestrutura , Compostos de Anilina , Animais , Cruzamento , Corantes , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS) , Fertilidade , Masculino , Microscopia de Contraste de Fase , Estações do Ano , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Cabeça do Espermatozoide/ultraestrutura , Cauda do Espermatozoide/ultraestrutura , Espermatozoides/anormalidades , Espermatozoides/classificaçãoRESUMO
The fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) groups A5 (21 isolates), A8 (6 isolates) and A23 (3 isolates) distinguished in an earlier paper (Thompson et al., Syst Appl Microbiol 24, 520-538, 2001) were examined in more depth. These three groups were phylogenetically related to Vibrio tubiashii, but DNA-DNA hybridization experiments proved that the three AFLP groups are in fact novel species. Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses further revealed several differences among the 30 isolates and known Vibrio species. It is proposed to accommodate these isolates in three novel species, namely Vibrio neptunius (type strain LMG 20536T; EMBL accession no. AJ316171; G +C content of the type strain 46.0 mol%), Vibrio brasiliensis (type strain LMG 20546T; EMBL accession no. AJ316172; G + C content of the type strain 45.9 mol%) and Vibrio xuii (type strain LMG 21346T; EMBL accession no. AJ316181; G +C content of the type strain 46.6 mol%). These species can be differentiated on the basis of phenotypic features, including fatty acid composition (particularly 14:0 iso, 14:0 iso 3-OH, 16:0 iso, 16:0, 17:0 and 17:1 omega8c), enzyme activities and utilization and fermentation of various carbon sources.
Assuntos
Vibrio/classificação , Vibrio/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Aquicultura , Composição de Bases , Crustáceos/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Peixes/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Fenótipo , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rotíferos/microbiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Vibrio/genética , Vibrio/metabolismoRESUMO
Histolyn-CYL, a yeast phase skin-test reagent, was administered to 85 histoplasmin-sensitive subjects living in the United States and South America. In a multicenter study, sera were obtained at the time the skin tests were read and again 3 weeks later. In no instance did the skin test induce significant complement-fixing antibody changes or antibodies detected by immuno-diffusion.