RESUMO
YABBY genes encode specific TFs of seed plants involved in development and formation of leaves, flowers, and fruit. In the present work, genome-wide and expression analyses of the YABBY gene family were performed in six species of the Fragaria genus: Fragaria × ananassa, F. daltoniana, F. nilgerrensis, F. pentaphylla, F. viridis, and F. vesca. The chromosomal location, synteny pattern, gene structure, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. By combining RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR analysis we explored specific expression of YABBYs in F. × ananassa and F. vesca. We also analysed the promoter regions of FaYABBYs and performed MeJA application to F. × ananassa fruit to observe effects on gene expression. We identified and characterized 25 YABBY genes in F. × ananassa and six in each of the other five species, which belong to FIL/YAB3 (YABBY1), YAB2 (YABBY2), YAB5 (YABBY5), CRC, and INO clades previously described. Division of the YABBY1 clade into YABBY1.1 and YABBY1.2 subclades is reported. We observed differential expression according to tissue, where some FaYABBYs are expressed mainly in leaves and flowers and to a minor extent during fruit development of F. × ananassa. Specifically, the FaINO genes contain jasmonate-responsive cis-acting elements in their promoters which may be functional since FaINOs are upregulated in F. × ananassa fruit under MeJA treatment. This study suggests that YABBY TFs play an important role in the development- and environment-associated responses of the Fragaria genus.
Assuntos
Ciclopentanos , Diploide , Fragaria , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Oxilipinas , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Fatores de Transcrição , Fragaria/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poliploidia , Acetatos/farmacologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Sintenia , Família MultigênicaRESUMO
Isoprenoid compounds synthesised in the plastids are involved in plant response to water deficit. The functionality of the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds under drought stress has been analysed at the physiological and molecular levels in two related species of tomato (Solanum chilense and Solanum lycopersicum) that differ in their tolerance to abiotic challenge. Expression analysis of the genes encoding enzymes of these pathways (DXS, IPI, GGPPS, PSY1, NCED and HPT1) in plants at different RWC values shows significant differences for only GGPPS and HPT1, with higher expression in the tolerant S. chilense. Chlorophyll, carotenoids, α-tocopherol and ABA content was also determined in both species under different drought conditions. In agreement with HPT1 transcriptional activity, higher α-tocopherol content was observed in S. chilense than in S. lycopersicum, which correlates with a lower degree of lipoperoxidation in the former species. These results suggest that, in addition to lower stomatal conductance, α-tocopherol biosynthesis is part of the adaptation mechanisms of S. chilense to adverse environmental conditions.
Assuntos
Desidratação/fisiopatologia , Plastídeos/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/biossíntese , Adaptação Fisiológica , Carotenoides/biossíntese , Chile , Clorofila/biossíntese , Secas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Plastídeos/genética , Solanum/genética , Solanum/metabolismo , Terpenos/metabolismo , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
We have used the degenerated oligonucleotide primers-PCR (DOP-PCR) technique to determine the presence of Ty1/copia-related retrotransposons in the wild species of tomato, Lycopersicon chilense. Using degenerated oligonucleotides corresponding to highly conserved domains in the Ty1/copia retrotransposons, fragments of roughly 300 bp were obtained by PCR amplification. These were cloned in a plasmid vector and the nucleotide sequence determined for 20 clones, 19 of which showed sequence homology to retrotransposon-related sequences. Comparison of the deduced amino-acid sequence of these clones with those reported for other retrotransposons has allowed their classification into four distinct families: TLC1-TLC4. The level of amino-acid sequence similarity between these elements extends from 66.7% (between TLC1 and TLC2) to 42.6% (between TLC2 and TLC3). Altogether, the four families comprise about 0.17% of the L. chilense genome. RT-PCR analysis shows that the four TLC families are transcriptionally active, suggesting a mechanism for the generation of the observed diversity between the L. chilense retrotransposons.
Assuntos
Genoma de Planta , Retroelementos , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Evolução Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
The chromatin of the spermatozoa from the bivalve mollusc Protothaca thaca, has a peculiar composition in which coexist core histones with sperm-specific proteins H1 and Pt1, the latter being a protein exhibiting features intermediate between histones and protamines. In this paper, we report an analysis of chromatin organization using micrococcal nuclease digestion, salt fractionation of soluble chromatin derived from nuclease digestion and crosslinking experiments. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to obtain two types of chromatin, one which is soluble, more accessible to micrococcal nuclease action and which does not contain Pt1, and another insoluble type, more resistant to micrococcal nuclease and enriched in protein Pt1. The crosslinking experiments show that the protein Pt1 interacts with itself and with core histones but not with sperm-specific H1. These results have led us to propose a special structural arrangement for this chromatin. Based in the data reported here we propose the coexistence in the genome of P. thaca of two interspersed chromatin domains, one nucleosomal and the other nonnucleosomal containing protein Pt1.