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Type I interferon (IFN-I) is thought to play a role in many systemic autoimmune diseases. IFN-I pathway activation is associated with pathogenic features, including the presence of autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes such as more severe disease with increased disease activity and damage. We will review the role and potential drivers of IFN-I dysregulation in 5 prototypic autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. We will also discuss current therapeutic strategies that directly or indirectly target the IFN-I system.

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Cocoa currently faces differentiation processes toward niches of specialty products, leading to greater competitiveness for producers who must compete with products differentiated by their integral quality regarding their organoleptic characteristics, such as fine-flavor cocoa and their functional characteristics. Quality is influenced by the genetic variety of the cultivars on the one hand, and the correct postharvest processing operations of cocoa seeds, on the other. During the transformation operations, the native chemical compounds of the seeds, especially proteins, carbohydrates, and polyphenols, are transformed and generate other compounds called flavor precursors, which are responsible for defining the product quality. In this sense, the analysis of the most relevant chemical compounds in cocoa is essential to guarantee higher overall quality. Similarly, understanding the fundamental aspects that affect fine-flavor cocoa production is crucial for improving transformation processes. Therefore, reliable and robust analytical techniques are required to detect and quantify these chemical compounds. This review highlights the main techniques used to analyze essential cocoa metabolites and derived products throughout all postharvest transformation stages: from cocoa seeds to chocolate bar, offering an overview of the sample preparation methods and the analytical and imaging methodologies often employed to characterize qualifying cocoa products.

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This data article is associated with the research article "Technical and environmental analysis on the power production from residual biomass using hydrogen as energy vector". This paper shows the procedure to calculate the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the foreground system to perform the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the power production from sugarcane press-mud. Said process encompasses four main stages: i) bioethanol production; ii) bioethanol purification; iii) syngas production and purification; and iv) power production. Additionally, other processes such as biomethane production and manufacturing of catalyst were included. Foreground data related to bioethanol production was gathered from experimental procedures at lab-scale. While foreground data, concerning the other processes such as bioethanol purification, syngas production and purification, power production, and biomethane production, was built by using material and energy flows obtained from Aspen Plus®. Lastly, LCI of the catalyst manufacturing was built based on literature review and the approach stated by Ecoinvent. All the inventories are meaningful to carry out future environmental assessments involving sustainable energy systems based on bioethanol, biomethane, or hydrogen.

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Type I interferon (IFN) is a primary pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Gain-of-function genetic variants in the type I IFN pathway have been associated with risk of disease. Common polygenic as well as rare monogenic influences on type I IFN have been demonstrated, supporting a complex genetic basis for high IFN in many SLE patients. Both SLE-associated autoantibodies and high type I IFN can be observed in the pre-disease state. Patients with SLE and evidence of high type I IFN have more active disease and a greater propensity to nephritis and other severe manifestations. Despite the well-established association between type I IFN and SLE, the specific triggers of type I IFN production, the mechanisms by which IFNs help perpetuate the cycle of autoreactive cells and autoantibody production are not completely clear. This review provides an updated overview of type I IFN in SLE pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway.

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The effects of grinding (medium-coarse) and extraction time (14-22 h) on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of cold brew coffee produced using two types of Colombian specialty coffees (Huila and Nariño) were evaluated. Cold coffee brewed under coarse grinding and 22 h of extraction exhibited the highest values of total dissolved solids, extraction yield, pH, titratable acidity (TA), and total phenolic content. The type of coffee used mainly affected the TA and pH. All cold brew coffee samples had lower TA values than their hot counterparts. Nariño cold brew samples had higher TA values than those of Huila in all treatments evaluated. Higher scores were reported in the sensorial evaluation of cold brew coffee when prepared using the shortest time (14 h) and coarse grinding for both coffee types. These coffees were characterized by strong sweetness, fruity and floral flavours, medium bitterness and acidity, and a creamy body. Furans, pyrazines, ketones, aldehydes, pyrroles, esters, lactones, furanones, and phenols were detected as odour-active compounds. The findings of this study demonstrate that the particle size, contact time, and coffee type affect the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of cold brew coffee, leading to cold brew coffees with different flavour profiles.

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Con el estudio se pretendió establecer cuál es el patrón de comportamiento sexual y contraceptivo de los adolescentes del sexo masculino de la ciudad de Huánuco, en el año 2008. La muestra estuvo representada por 50 adolescentes estudiantes del nivel secundario, superior universitario y no universitario de las zonas urbanas y rurales. El instrumento utilizado para la recoleción de los datos fue una encuesta de comportamiento sexual y reproductivo. Los resultados muestran que el 53 por ciento de los adolescentes tiene una vida secular activa, otro dato importante es que el 70 por ciento de adolescentes afirman tener entre uno y dos parejas sexuales. Se concluye que los adolescentes presentan un comportamiento sexual y reproductivo basado en lo ético y de respeto a los derechos humanos.

With the study it was tried to establish which the pattern of sexual and contraceptive behavior of adolescent of masculine sex in the city of Huanuco in 2008. The sample was represented by 50 adolescent students of the secondarylevel, university and non university superior of the urban and rural zones. The instrument used for the compilation of data was a survey of sexual and reproductive behavior. The results show that 53 per cent of the adolescents have a secular active life, another important fact is that 70 per cent of adolescents affirm to have between one and two sexual couples. It was concluded that the adolescents present a sexual and reproductive behavior based on the ethical thing and of respect to the human rights.

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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad de un programa educativo para promover cambios en los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los adolescentes sobre Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS,VIH/SIDA) de la institución educativa nacional Illathupa Huánuco 2006-2007. Se aplicó el prey post test a través de un cuestionario con preguntas estructuradas que permitieron su ponderación de ambos grupos sobre Conocimientos, Actitud y Práctica de las (ITS,VIH/SIDA). La muestra estuvo constituida por 116 alumnos adolescentes del 4to año de educación secundaria, 66 para el grupo experimental y 50 para el grupo control. Después de la aplicación del Programa Educativo se produjo entre ambos grupos un incremento en el nivel de conocimientos relacionados a formas de contagio, prevención y tratamiento, observándose diferencias estadísticas significativa (Chi = 9,22). En el grupo experimental se encontró una diferencia significativa en los conocimientos (Chi = 5,83). Sobre actitudes relacionadas a rechazo o abandono de una persona infectada, prevención con el uso del condón, postergación de las relaciones sexuales.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational program to promote changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases (STIs, HIV / AIDS) in the national school Illathupa Huánaco 2006-2007. Was applied pre and post test using a structured questionnaire with questions that allowed the balancing of both groups on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of (STIs, HIV / AIDS). The sample consisted of 116 adolescent students of the 4th year of secondary education, 66 for the experimental group and 50 in the control group. After the implementation of the educational program between the two groups was an increase in the level of knowledge related to forms of transmission, prevention and treatment, statistically significant differences (Chi = 9.22). In the experimental group showed a significant difference in knowledge (Chi = 5.83). On attitudes related to rejection or abandonment of an infected person, preventing the use of condoms, delaying sexual intercourse.

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