RESUMO
A new species from the fungal genus Tolypocladium (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) that infects Stratiomyidae larva from the genus Hylorops is described: Tolypocladium valdiviae Gallardo-Pillancari, Montalva & González. The description is based on both genomic data and morphological characteristics. The sexual stage of T. valdiviae presents fleshy and visible stromata; unlike Tolypocladium ophioglossoides, it is smaller and emerges directly from its host and resembles Tolypocladium longisegmentis and Tolypocladium capitatum, both of which are parasites of deer truffle fungi of the genus Elaphomyces (Ascomycota: Eurotiales). In the anamorphic state, T. valdiviae presents conidiogenous cells similar in shape and arrangement to those of Tolypocladium inflatum, however T. valdiviae produces larger conidiogenous cells and, occasionally, produces chlamydospores. Phylogenetic evidence suggested that T. valdiviae is in a clade close to T. longisegmentis, T. inflatum and T. ophioglossoides, species also recognized to be parasites of fungi of the genus Elaphomyces. The new species is known so far only from Valdivia, southern Chile.
Assuntos
Dípteros , Hypocreales , Animais , Larva , Filogenia , Chile , Hypocreales/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diagnosing non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is not always straightforward. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) is an echocardiographic method capable of detecting subclinical regional and global ventricular contractile dysfunction due to myocardial ischemia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of LVGLS in diagnosing severe coronary disease in patients with chest pain suggestive of NSTE-ACS and to assess the relationships between LVGLS reduction and ultrasensitive troponin T (UsTnT) elevation, electrocardiographic changes suggestive of ischemia, and the number of vessels with severe obstructions. METHODS: This prospective, observational study evaluated hospitalized patients with chest pain of presumed coronary etiology. All patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG), UsTnT measurement, Doppler echocardiography, LVGLS measurement, and coronary angiography Coronary angiogram (CA) within 48 h of hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients with a mean age of 58 ± 17 years were included, of whom 84% (63 patients) were men. An LVGLS value of <-16.5, as determined by the Youden index proved to be useful for the detection of severe coronary obstructions (lesions >70%). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 96%, 88%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. The number of coronary arteries involved had a direct relationship with the degree of LVGLS reduction (P < 0.001). Elevated UsTnT levels occurred more frequently in patients with reduced LVGLS than in those with normal LVGLS (83% vs. 17%, P < 0.0001). Abnormal strain was not associated with electrocardiographic changes suggestive of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: LVGLS measurement in patients with presumed NSTE-ACS is efficient in predicting the presence of severe coronary disease. The number of coronary arteries involved has a direct relationship with the degree of LVGLS reduction. Abnormal strain is associated with UsTnT elevations but not with electrocardiographic changes suggestive of ischemia.
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Objetivo Evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos por la consejería pretest para el VIH, en personas que acudieron a un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú. Método Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, que se realizó en 499 personas que acudieron a la Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Prevención y Control de ITS/VIH y SIDA, que fueron seleccionadas de manera probabilística de tipo intencional. Se aplicó una entrevista estructurada que utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos con preguntas directas. Se definió como variable de conocimiento correcto a un puntaje ≥75 por ciento de respuestas correctas y como variable de conocimiento incorrecto a un puntaje <75 por ciento de respuestas incorrectas. Resultados El 64,1 por ciento (n = 320) de los encuestados fueron mujeres. El grupo de edad con mayor numero de respuestas correctas (40,3 por ciento, n=201) fue el de 22 a 28 años, (p<0,05). Las personas que acudieron por pareja con diagnóstico reciente de VIH/ SIDA, tuvieron mayor cantidad de respuestas correctas (12,3 en promedio). Los hombres alcanzaron un mayor nivel de conocimientos correctos (63,6 por ciento) en comparación con las mujeres (36,4 por ciento), (p<0,05). Solo 4,4 por ciento (n=22) del total, alcanzaron un nivel de conocimiento correcto. Conclusión El nivel de conocimiento adquirido con la consejería pretest en este hospital fue deficiente, no cumpliendo los objetivos de la misma. Se sugiere cambiar la metodología para que pueda aumentar la retención de información por las personas, y de esta manera reducir la morbi-mortalidad en ITS y VIH/ SIDA.
Objective Evaluating the knowledge acquired by the pre-test counselling programme in a national hospital in Lima Peru. Method A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on 499 patients attending the National STI/HIV Prevention and Control Sanitary Strategy service after they had been counselled. The patients were intentionally selected by probabilistic means. A questionnaire having direct questions was applied; it had been previously validated by experts. ≥75 percent of correct answers was defined as being a variable of correct knowledge and <75 percent of correct answers as incorrect knowledge. Results 64.1 percent (n=320) of the patients were female. The age group having a better level of knowledge after counselling was the 22-28 year old group, 40.3 percent (n=201) (p<0.05). People having a partner diagnosed as having HIV/AIDS answered more questions correctly (12.3 on average). Men showed higher correct knowledge (63.6 percent) related to women (36.4 percent) (p<0.05). Only 4.4 percent (n=22) of the patients had a correct level of knowledge. Conclusion The pre-test counselling programme did not improve knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. It is thus suggested that the approach and method should be changed so that patients become well-informed, thereby reducing STI and HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Aconselhamento , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Hospitais Urbanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Área Programática de Saúde , Peru/epidemiologia , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the knowledge acquired by the pre-test counselling programme in a national hospital in Lima Peru. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on 499 patients attending the National STI/HIV Prevention and Control Sanitary Strategy service after they had been counselled. The patients were intentionally selected by probabilistic means. A questionnaire having direct questions was applied; it had been previously validated by experts. > or = 75 % of correct answers was defined as being a variable of correct knowledge and <75 % of correct answers as incorrect knowledge. RESULTS: 64.1 % (n=320) of the patients were female. The age group having a better level of knowledge after counselling was the 22-28 year old group, 40.3 % (n=201) (p<0.05). People having a partner diagnosed as having HIV/AIDS answered more questions correctly (12.3 on average). Men showed higher correct knowledge (63.6 %) related to women (36.4 %) (p<0.05). Only 4.4 % (n=22) of the patients had a correct level of knowledge. CONCLUSION: The pre-test counselling programme did not improve knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. It is thus suggested that the approach and method should be changed so that patients become well-informed, thereby reducing STI and HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Aconselhamento , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Hospitais Urbanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Área Programática de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In the field of the affective disorders, clinical experience and diverse factorial analysis studies raise the existence of a dysphoric syndrome as a different affective state, distinguible from depressive and maniac states. This syndrome could be more frequent in bipolar patients and be at the base of some of the denominated mixed forms. This discussion has been delineating a psychopathology for dysphoric states that is necessary to operationalize for research purposes. The present study has sought to create of a dysphoric syndrome screening tool for patients with affective disorders, and to explore its psychometric properties in an ambulatory mixed clinical sample of unipolar and bipolar patients. The instrument has encouraging psychometric properties. We found that some items separately, and the questionnaire as a whole, had good discriminating capacity to distinguish between unipolar and bipolar patients.
En el campo de los trastornos afectivos, la experiencia clínica y diversos estudios de análisis factorial plantean la existencia de un síndrome disfórico como un estado afectivo diferente y distinguible de los estados depresivos y maníacos. Este síndrome podría ser más frecuente en pacientes bipolares y estar a la base de algunas de las denominadas formas mixtas. Esta discusión, ha ido delineando una psicopatología del estado disfórico que es necesario operacionalizar para propósitos de investigación. El presente estudio ha buscado crear de un instrumento de screening para el síndrome disfórico en pacientes con trastornos afectivos, y explorar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra clínica mixta de pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios monopolares y bipolares. El instrumento posee propiedades psicométricas alentadoras. Encontramos que algunos ítems por separado, y el cuestionario en su conjunto, poseían buena capacidad discriminante para distinguir entre pacientes unipolares y bipolares.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicometria , Transtorno Bipolar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos Psicóticos AfetivosRESUMO
La esclerosis tuberosa (E.T.) es una enfermedad multisistémica, que consiste en un trastorno de la diferenciación y proliferación celular. Puede afectar a cerebro, piel, corazón, ojos, riñones y otros órganos, originando manifestaciones clínicas diversas.Es la segunda en frecuencia de las facomatosis, superada únicamente por la neurofibromatosis; se calcula su prevalencia entre 10 y 14 por cada 100.000 personas.Presentamos el caso de un niño de 4 meses con manifestaciones cerebrales, dermatológicas, cardiacas y renales enmarcadas en los criterios diagnósticos de esclerosis tuberosa.
Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a multisystemic illness, which consists on a dysfunction of the differentiation and cellular proliferation. It can affect the brain, the skin, the heart, the eyes, the kidney and other organs, and originate diverse clinical manifestations.It is the second in frequency of the facomatosis, only overcome by the neurofibromatosis, its calculated prevalence ranges between 10 to 14 for each 100.000 people.We present the case of 4 months old boy with brain, dermatological, cardiac and renal manifestations, framed in the diagnostic approaches of tuberous sclerosis.
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Masculino , Lactente , Lactente , Esclerose Tuberosa , Doenças Renais Císticas , Espasmos InfantisRESUMO
Observando que la relación interpersonal odontólogo-paciente, no comprende totalmente los parámetros que lo convertirían en completamente eficiente, se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo cualitativo, con el fín de proveer conocimientos sobre un ser bio-psico-social. Se seleccionaron treinta (30) pacientes según edad y sexo, y se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, las cuales se analizaron horizontal y verticalmente. Se encontró que los pacientes poseen más una representación, expresada por medio de metáforas, que una conceptualización de la cavidad oral y su enfermedad