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A reliable process for the formation of nanoporous ZnO films supported on amorphous quartz and (100) silicon substrates via the processing of ZnO/Zn precursor films is reported. The process is based on the sublimation mechanism of Zn implemented in a novel ZnO/Zn precursor film to produce a nanoporous film. A scanning electron microscopy analysis of the nanoporous ZnO films' surfaces revealed the presence of ZnO nano-features with round tips; in contrast, the nanoporous ZnO films supported on (100) Si substrates showed hexagonal nut-like nanostructures. The crystallite size of the nanoporous ZnO films decreased as the sublimation temperature was increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies demonstrated that formations of oxygen vacancies were produced during the processing stages (as the main structural lattice defects in the ZnO nanoporous films). The analysis of the photoluminescence response confirmed that the active deep-level centers were also related to the oxygen vacancies generated during the thermal processing of the ZnO/Zn precursor films. Finally, a qualitative mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of nanoporous ZnO films on quartz and crystalline Si substrates. The results suggest that the substrates used have a strong influence on the nanoporous ZnO structures obtained with the Zn-sublimation-controlled process.
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Electro-Fenton (EF) based water treatment processes using activated carbon (AC) packed beds constitute an attractive approach for the development of competitive degradation technology of persistent pollutants in aqueous effluents. In this work, the results of a study aimed to assess the effect on the EF performance of different parameters of the reactor's operation are presented. By means of a factorial experimental design, the influence of the AC source (lignitic or vegetal), AC acid pre-treatment, particle size distribution and the amount of Fe loaded resin in the reactor were analyzed. From the resulting data it was found that the most influential parameter in the EF performance of the reactor is the AC source. Modest effects were observed for AC acid pre-treatment, which limits Fe ion adsorption on the AC substrate. The use of a wide particle distribution of AC particles was also found to improve inter-particle electrical contact, thus favoring the electrochemical processes that take place inside the reactor. An investigation on the effect of the amount of Fe in the reactor as well as its distribution dynamics, also revealed that an excess of Fe ions in the reactor decreases the EF performance of the system since Fe ions efficiently adsorb on the AC substrate, particularly in non- acid treated samples. The best operation conditions consisted on using un-meshed vegetable AC, without acid pretreatment in an EF reactor loaded with 0.25 g of Fe, which allowed to reach full color removal of bright blue FCP model dye in 70 min.
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RESUMEN La cuarentena ha sido la respuesta más general de todos los países afectados por la pandemia del coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Hay suficientes estudios sobre las complicaciones que provoca la cuarentena en la población. La gravedad de las respuestas emocionales derivadas de una cuarentena depende de varios factores, que pueden ocurrir durante o después de la misma; el presente trabajo se propone como objetivo analizar las consecuencias del proceso de medicalización de las respuestas emocionales durante el periodo de cuarentena y sus aspectos sociales.
ABSTRACT Quarantine has been the most general response of all countries affected by the coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2). There are sufficient studies on the complications that quarantine causes in the population. The severity of emotional responses derived from quarantine depends on several factors, which can occur during or after the quarantine; the present work aims to analyze the consequences of the medicalization process of emotional responses during the quarantine period and its social aspects.
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As doenças crônicas são um grave problema mundial de saúde pública. Elas são responsáveis por morbidez,mortalidade, incapacidade e baixa qualidade de vida. No Brasil, 72% das mortes são causadas por doenças crônicas, e no mundo esse valor é de 60%. Sabe-se que a atual produção científica mundial é vasta e as informações contidas nos artigos científicos podem ser úteis para o profissional da saúde. Porém, ler artigos científicos é uma tarefa que exige tempo e disposição. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a segunda versão do sistema de perguntas e respostas QASF para auxiliar os profissionais da saúde e outros usuários na busca rápida por informações, especificamente, em doenças crônicas. O processo de desenvolvimento do sistema baseou-se na construção de módulos de processamento de pergunta,de documentos e de resposta. Com o QASF, espera-se facilitar o acesso a informações.
Chronic diseases is a global public health problem. They are responsible for morbidity, mortality, disability andpoor quality of life. Chronic diseases cause 60% of deaths worldwide and 72% of deaths in Brazil. It is known that the current world scientific production is vast and the information contained in scientific papers can be useful for health professionals. However, the reading of scientific articles is a demanding and time-consuming task. This paper presents a question answering system to help health professionals quickly search for information about chronic diseases. The core of the question answering system includes the development of modules for processing questions, documents and answers. It is expected to support users that demand for quick information about chronic diseases. Precision rates between 50% and 60% were obtained.
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Humanos , Computação em Informática Médica , Doença Crônica , Mineração de Dados , Congressos como AssuntoRESUMO
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) constitutes a potential alternative raw material and ingredient in food industry applications due to its dietary fiber content. Gum can be extracted from its dietary fiber fractions for use as an additive to control viscosity, stability, texture, and consistency in food systems. The gum extracted from chia seeds was characterized to determine their quality and potential as functional food additives. The extracted chia gum contained 26.2% fat and a portion was submitted to fat extraction, producing two fractions: gum with fat (FCG) and gum partly defatted (PDCG). Proximal composition and physicochemical characterization showed these fractions to be different (P < 0.05). The PDCG had higher protein, ash, and carbohydrates content than the FCG, in addition to higher water-holding (110.5 g water/g fiber) and water-binding capacities (0.84 g water/g fiber). The FCG had greater oil-holding capacity (25.7 g oil/g fiber) and water absorption capacity (44 g water/g fiber). In dispersion trials, the gums exhibited a non-Newtonian fluid behavior, specifically shear thinning or pseudoplastic type. PDCG had more viscosity than FCG. Chia seed is an excellent natural source of gum with good physicochemical and functional qualities, and is very promising for use in food industry.
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Unsaturated fatty acids are of current interest for their potential to reduce cardiovascular disease, the first cause of death worldwide. By its content of essential fatty acids, fish is one of the food products most in demand among the population. One of the most popular processes for fish consumption in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico is frying. However, studies show that frying food causes changes in the composition generating trans fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile of Mero (Epinephelus morio) crude and processed with different types of commercial oil. The results showed a fat content in raw E. morio of 1.68%. The percentage of oil extracted and absorbed by the product to be fried with corn oil, sunflower/canola, soybean and safflower was found in a range of 2.3-3.93 and 26.95-57.25%, respectively. The lipid profile obtained by GC-MS suggested the formation of trans fatty acids by isomerization and effect of temperature frying. However essential fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids were absorbed by E. morio being fried in sunflower oil and safflower/ canola, respectively.
Los ácidos grasos insaturados son de interés en la actualidad por su potencial para reducir enfermedades cardiovasculares, primera causa de muerte en el mundo. Por su contenido de ácidos grasos esenciales, el pescado es uno de los productos alimenticios de mayor demanda entre la población. Uno de los procesos más populares para el consumo de pescado en la Península de Yucatán, México es la fritura. Sin embargo, estudios demuestran que la fritura de alimentos genera cambios en la composición de lípidos generando ácidos grasos trans. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el perfil de ácidos grasos del Mero (Epinephelus morio) crudo y procesado con diferentes tipos de aceite comercial. Los resultados mostraron un contenido graso en E. morio crudo de 1.68%. El porcentaje de aceite extraído y absorbido por el producto al ser frito con aceite de maíz, girasol/canola, soya y cártamo se encontró en un rango de 2.3-3.93 y 26.95- 57.25%, respectivamente. El perfil lipídico obtenido por CG-MS sugirió la formación de ácidos grasos trans por isomerización y efecto de la temperatura de freído. Sin embargo ácidos grasos esenciales como el oleico y linoleico fueron absorbidos por E. morio al ser frito con aceite de cártamo y girasol/canola, respectivamente.
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Ácidos Graxos/análise , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Perciformes/metabolismo , Animais , Culinária , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/análise , Peixes , México , Ácidos Graxos trans/análiseRESUMO
La fenilcetonuria, error congénito del metabolismo, es un trastorno genético que se trasmite con un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo. Alteraciones en el proceso de hidroxilación de la fenilalanina determinan el aumento de su concentración en plasma, con efecto deletéreo sobre el sistema nervioso. El pronóstico neurológico depende fundamentalmente de un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano. En Uruguay a partir de 2007 comienza la pesquisa obligatoria de fenilcetonuria. A partir de diciembre del 2008 se utiliza para la detección un espectrómetro de masa, permitiendo, a partir de una misma muestra de sangre de talón, detectar más de veinte enfermedades metabólicas. Aunque bajo, existe un porcentaje de falsos negativos, obligándonos a reiterar la muestra ante sospechas clínicas. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con diagnóstico tardío de fenilcetonuria y síndrome de West secundario, constituyendo un falso negativo en la pesquisa neonatal. El objetivo de esta presentación es enfatizar la importancia de un correcto seguimiento del neurodesarrollo, como parte fundamental del control del niño en salud así como la reiteración de la pesquisa ante la sospecha clínica.
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Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Fenilcetonúrias/diagnóstico , Fenilcetonúrias/terapia , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Metabólicas/genética , Espasmos Infantis/etiologia , Fenilcetonúrias/complicações , Reações Falso-Negativas , Desenvolvimento InfantilRESUMO
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) fue considerado un trastorno típico de la infancia, cuya sintomatología remitía al llegar a la edad adulta. Sin embargo, los estudios longitudinales realizados demostraron la persistencia de los síntomas en la edad adulta en un porcentaje elevado de casos (entre 30% y 60%). De manera análoga, las disfunciones cognitivas descritas en los niños con TDAH se han encontrado en los pacientes adultos con TDAH. Así, las principales disfunciones ejecutivas encontradas en los pacientes adultos son similares a las encontradas en niños con TDAH: alteración en la respuesta de inhibición, en la capacidad de planificación, dificultades en flexibilidad cognitiva y fluidez verbal y dificultades en memoria de trabajo. Dado que estas alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas se relacionan con, al menos, parte de la sintomatología que se observa en los adultos con TDAH (como dificultades en la organización y planificación de tareas, hábitos de trabajo ineficientes, dificultades en el control de la impulsividad o problemas académicos y laborales), será de especial importancia aumentar el conocimiento de dichas disfunciones ejecutivas en los pacientes adultos con este trastorno.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has traditionally been considered to be a childhood disorder,with symptoms that remitted in adulthood. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies have shown the persistence of the symptoms in adulthood in a high percentage of cases (30%-60%). Similarly, cognitive dysfunctions described in children with ADHD have also been observed in adults with ADHD. Thus, the main executive dysfunctions found in adult patients mimic those found in children with ADHD: disturbances in response inhibition, in planning abilities, difficulties in cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency, and also in working memory. Given the relationship between these and at least part of thesymptoms observed in ADHD (such as difficulties in organising and planning tasks, inefficient working habits,difficulties in impulsivity control, or academic or work problems) it seems especially important to increase theknowledge of those executive dysfunctions in adults with ADHD.