RESUMO
A study was done to investigate the effect of parasitism on patterns of doramectin (DRM) fecal elimination in lambs. Fourteen Suffolk Down parasitized lambs (26.9 ± 1.5 kg body weight: bw) were purposely selected for the study. Seven pairs of lambs were allocated into two experimental groups. Group I (non-parasitized) was pre-treated with 3 repeated administrations of 5mg/kg bw of fenbendazole to maintain a non-parasitized condition. In Group II (parasitized), the lambs did not receive any anthelmintic treatment. After 85 d of the pre-treatment period, both groups were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 200 µg/kg bw of DRM. Fecal samples were collected at different times between -85 d before and 60 d after the DRM treatment, for both parasitological and chromatographic analysis. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Data of DRM concentrations were expressed as wet weight. A non-linear pharmacokinetic analysis was performed and results were compared using the Mann Whitney test. Fecal maximum concentrations (C(max)) of DRM were 1.37 ± 0.19 µg/g (parasitized group) and 0.86 ± 0.15 µg/g (non-parasitized group) observed at the time of the maximum concentration (T(max)) of 2.1 ± 0.4 and 3.1 ± 0.3d, respectively. Differences in C(max) values were significant (P<0.05). The accumulated elimination of DRM in feces, expressed as the percentage of DRM total dose, was 67.1% in the parasitized group, whereas in the non-parasitized group it was 56.5%. Our results showed that gastrointestinal parasitic diseases can modify the patterns of DRM fecal elimination, when the drug is administered by subcutaneous route in lambs.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fezes/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacocinética , Chile , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Injeções Subcutâneas , Enteropatias Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Ivermectina/farmacocinética , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
El propósito de este estudio es entregar información sobre la situación de la fasciolosis en los equinos fina sangre de carrera del Club Hípico Concepción (Región del Bio-Bio, Chile). Se tomaron muestras de 269 equinos (92 hembras y 177 machos), con un rango de edad entre 2 y 11 años. En cada uno de los animales, se obtuvo una muestra de heces, la que fue analizada mediante examen de sedimentación para detectar la presencia de huevos de Fasciola hepática. De los 269 equinos examinados, se detectaron 28 (10,41 por ciento) positivos aF hepática. Se encontraron sólo diferencias de infección por edad, siendo los menores los que presentaron mayores prevalencias (p < 0,05).
The purpose of this study was to add information about current situation of the Thoroughbred racehorses fasciolosis in Chile. The study was made between January and February 2006. Fecal samples were taken from 269 horses (92 females and 177 males), whose age ranges from 2 and 11 years. And they were analyzed by means of sedimentation examination in order to find the presence of Fasciola hepßtica eggs. The coproparasitologic study was complement with a survey to the horse trainer. For the analysis of the results we used the statistical test of percent² and Fisher exact test. We detected 28 (10,4 percent) positive to the F. hepßtica eggs. Significant differences were found (p < 0,05) by age and between the animals that received flukicide drug treatment and the not treated.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Fasciolíase/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Chile/epidemiologia , Fasciola hepatica/isolamento & purificação , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fezes/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/métodos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of parasitism on plasma availability and pharmacokinetic behaviour of doramectin (DRM) in lambs. Fourteen parasitised grey face Suffolk lambs (26.9 +/- 1.5 kg bodyweight) were selected for the study. Seven pairs of lambs were allocated to two groups to obtain an approximately even weight distribution. Group I (non-parasitised) was pre-treated with three repeated administrations of 5 mg/kg fenbendazole to maintain a parasite free condition. In group II (parasitised), the lambs did not receive any anthelmintic treatment. After the 85-day pre-treatment period, both groups of animals were treated with DRM by subcutaneous (SC) injection in the shoulder area at 200 microg/kg. Throughout the experimental period, both groups were maintained together under similar feeding and management conditions. Blood samples were collected by jugular venepuncture at different set times between 0.5 h and 60 days post-treatment. After plasma extraction and derivatisation, samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. A computerised kinetic analysis was performed and the data were compared using the Student's paired t test. The parent molecule was detected in plasma between 30 min and either day 20 (parasitised) or day 35 (non-parasitised) post-DRM treatment. The AUC values of the parasitised group (143.0 +/- 18 ng d/mL) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those observed in the parasitically naïve animals (229.6 +/- 21.7 ng d/mL). The mean residence time (MRT) in the parasitised group (3.4 +/- 0.3 days) was significantly shorter (P<0.05) than in the healthy group (6.6 +/- 0.6 days). Study results have shown that parasitic disease, through alteration in the body condition, can produce significant changes in the plasma disposition of DRM when administered SC to parasitised lambs.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacocinética , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Fezes/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Ivermectina/farmacocinética , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Se analizó la fauna parasitaria de 21 tiuques (Milvago c. chimango) de la ciudad de Chillán (36° 34' S- 72° 06' O). Se reportan tres especies de Nematoda (prevalencias entre paréntesis): Porrocaecum depressum (Ascarididae) (38,1 ± 10,6%), Cyrnea (Procyrnea) spinosa (Habrone-matidae) (52,4 ± 10,9%) y Capillaria tenuissima (Capillariidae) (71,4 ± 9,9%). No se reportaron especies de Trematoda, Cestoda, Protozoa ni Trichinella. No se observó lesión histológica atribuible a parásitos gastrointestinales.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Chile , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Nematoides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prevalência , Aves Predatórias/parasitologiaRESUMO
En la provincia de Ñuble (Chile), entre Noviembre de 1994 y abril de 1995, se examinaron 235 tórtolas (Zenaida auriculata) para detectar endo y ectoparásitos. Los siguientes endoparásitos fueron aislados (prevalencia en por ciento): Killigrewia delafondi (9,4 por ciento), Raillietina sp. (1,7 por ciento), Echinostoma sp. (0,9 por ciento), Heterakis gallinarum (0,4 por ciento) y Eimeria labbeana (5,5 por ciento). Los ectoparasitos identificados correspondieron a: Falculifer isodontus (55,7 por ciento), Diplaegidia columbae (73,2 por ciento), Amblyomma sp. (5,1), Columbicola baculoides (64,7 por ciento), Bonomiella sp. (8,5 por ciento), Hohorstiella sp. (4,7 por ciento) y ácaros de la familia Trombiculidae (6,8 por ciento). Ácaros de la familia Trombiculidae, el cestodo K. delafondi y el protozoo E. labbeana habían sido registrados previamente en Chile. Los otros nueve parásitos representan el primer registro para tórtolas en Chile.
Assuntos
Animais , Ectoparasitoses , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Chile , Fezes/parasitologia , ParasitologiaRESUMO
Entre Noviembre de 1994 y abril de 1995 en la provincia de Ñuble (Chile), se capturaron 51 ejemplares de perdiz chilena (Nothoprocta perdicaria), de los que se aislaron los siguientes ectoparásitos: Rhynchothura teres (92,2 por ciento) Heptapsogaster sp. (90,2 por ciento), Menacanthus nothoproctae (39,2 por ciento), Heptapsogaster testudo (19,6 por ciento), Allosathes sp. (80,4 por ciento), Amblyomma sp. (11,8 por ciento) y ácaros de la familia Trombiculidae (15,7 por ciento). Con excepción de R. teres, los restantes ectoparásitos diagnosticados representan el primer registro en la perdiz chilena.
Assuntos
Animais , Ácaros/parasitologia , Aves , Parasitologia , Chile , Interações Hospedeiro-ParasitaRESUMO
The frequency of trichinosis was determined in 300 dead persons, residents in the provinces of Concepción and Arauco, and requiring necropsy at the Servicio Medico Legal of Concepción. Diaphragm muscle samples were taken from june 1996 to march 1997. The diagnosis was made by trichinoscopy and artificial digestion techniques. Five samples (1.67 percent) were positive. There was not differences between sexes. Positive cases were found mainly among 30 to 49 years old people belonging to middle-lower class. Both diagnostic techniques showed diferent sensitivity as a consequence of the parasitic load and on the contrary, the artificial digestion was less sensitiva when the cyts were fully calcified
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Trichinella spiralis/isolamento & purificação , Triquinelose , Autopsia , Diafragma/parasitologia , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo , Trichinella spiralis/patogenicidade , Triquinelose/parasitologiaRESUMO
A study on gastrointestinal parasitism in wild chilean partridges (Nothoprocta perdicaria) in the Ñuble province (Chile) determined that 75 percent of birds were infected. The species capillaria caudinflata, subulura suctoria, aploparaksis tinamoui and oocysts of eimeria sp. were observed