RESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control. For this reason, a working group of the main scientific societies involved in the care of patients at vascular risk, has prepared this document with a consensus proposal on the determination of the basic lipid profile in cardiovascular prevention, recommendations for its realization and unification of criteria to incorporate the lipid control goals appropriate to the vascular risk of the patients in the laboratory reports.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Laboratórios Clínicos , Humanos , Consenso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , LipídeosRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control. For this reason, a working group of the main scientific societies involved in the care of patients at vascular risk, has prepared this document with a consensus proposal on the determination of the basic lipid profile in cardiovascular prevention, recommendations for its realization and unification of criteria to incorporate the lipid control goals appropriate to the vascular risk of the patients in the laboratory reports.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Laboratórios Clínicos , Lipídeos , Lipídeos/análise , Transtornos do Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Consenso , HumanosRESUMO
A educação em saúde e o acesso à informação são ferramentas estratégicas para a promoção do autocuidado de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Apesar dos grandes avanços científicos, sobretudo quanto ao uso da TARV, ainda existem desafios a serem enfrentados como o preconceito, o estigma e a desinformação da população. Nesse sentido, tal estratégia contribui com a adesão ao tratamento, por meio do esclarecimento de dúvidas a cerca da infecção pelo HIV. Trata-se de um relato de experiência referente às ações de educação em saúde realizadas em serviços especializados de saúde para o tratamento de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Os participantes do projeto foram capacitados e realizaram ações de educação em saúde, para abordar temas relacionados ao HIV/Aids e para o esclarecimento de dúvidas a respeito da terapia antirretroviral. Conclui-se que a integração dos serviços de saúde com as instituições de ensino se constitui com uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de reflexões críticas acerca da temática, bem como para auxiliar nos cuidados direcionados às pessoas que vivem com HIV. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação em Saúde; HIV; Terapia Antirretroviral; Adesão ao Tratamento.
Health education and access to information are strategic tools for promoting self-care for people living with HIV. Despite the great scientific advances, especially regarding the use of ART, there are still challenges to be faced, such as prejudice, stigma and misinformation of the population. In this sense, such a strategy contributes to adherence to treatment, by clarifying doubts about HIV infection. This is an experience report regarding health education actions carried out in specialized health services for the treatment of people living with HIV. Project participants were trained and carried out health education actions to address issues related to HIV/AIDS and to clarify doubts about antiretroviral therapy. It is concluded that the integration of health services with educational institutions constitutes an important strategy for the development of critical reflections on the subject, as well as to assist in the care directed to people living with HIV.
La educación sanitaria y el acceso a la información son herramientas estratégicas para promover el autocuidado de las personas que viven con VIH. Apesar de los grandes avances científicos, especialmente en lo que respecta al uso de las TAR, todavía quedan desafíos por afrontar, como los prejuicios, el estigma y la desinformación de la población. En este sentido, dicha estrategia contribuye a la adherencia al tratamiento, al aclarar dudas sobre la infección por VIH. Este es un relato de experiencia sobre acciones de educación en salud realizadas en servicios de salud especializados para el tratamiento de personas que viven con VIH. Los participantes del proyecto fueron capacitados y realizaron acciones de educación en salud para abordar temas relacionados con el VIH/SIDA y aclarar dudas sobre la terapia antirretroviral. Se concluye que la integración de los servicios de salud con las instituciones educativas constituye una estrategia importante para el desarrollo de reflexiones críticas sobre el tema, así como para coadyuvar en la atención dirigida a las personas que viven con VIH.
RESUMO
Resumen La leishmaniasis cutánea es una enfermedad zoonótica que se transmite al hombre y a los animales a través de la picadura de insectos dípteros de los géneros Phlebotomus y Lutzomyia infectados con diferentes especies de protozoos del género Leishmania. En América Latina el principal agente etiológico responsable de esta parasitosis es la especie L. braziliensis. Si bien se han identificado numerosas especies de mamíferos infectados naturalmente con especies de Leishmania, los roedores cumplirían un rol importante en el ciclo de transmisión de la enfermedad. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la identificación de especie de leishmania que circula en roedores sinantrópicos que habitan el área urbana de la ciudad de Corrientes. Se trabajó con muestras de piel de oreja de roedores a los que se les aplicó las técnicas de Nested PCR para la identificación de Leishmania spp y PCR Simple para la detección de L. braziliensis. Se analizó un total de 30 muestras de roedores de la especie Rattus rattus de los cuales 2 muestras resultaron detectables a Nested PCR. Seguidamente, a las muestras detectables a Leishmania spp. se les aplicó PCR Simple a L. braziliensis resultando ambas detectables a esta especie. Si bien los valores obtenidos en este trabajo no son altos para poder considerarlos como reservorios, si se evidencia una infección natural que no afecta clínicamente a los roedores estudiados con circulación del parásito en piel, particularmente de la especie L. braziliensis.
Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted to man and animals through the bite of dipteran insects of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia infected with different species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Latin America the main etiological agent responsible for this parasitosis is the species L. braziliensis. Although numerous species of mammals have been identified naturally infected with Leishmania species, rodents would play an important role in the transmission cycle of the disease. The present work aimed to identify the species of leishmania that circulates in synanthropic rodents that inhabit the urban area of the city of Corrientes. We worked with rodent ear skin samples to which the Nested PCR techniques were applied for the identification of Leishmania spp and Simple PCR for the detection of L. braziliensis. A total of 30 rodent samples of the species Rattus rattus were analyzed, of which 2 samples were detectable by Nested PCR. Next, the samples detectable to Leishmania spp. Simple PCR was applied to L. braziliensis, both of which were detectable in this species. Although the values obtained in this work are not high to be considered as reservoirs, there is evidence of a natural infection that does not clinically affect the rodents studied with circulation of the parasite on the skin, particularly of the L. braziliensis species.
RESUMO
A dermatofibrose nodular é uma síndrome em que o aparecimento de nódulos dérmicos fibróticos é associado a uma doença cística renal concomitante e progressiva, que se apresenta em cães de meia-idade a idosos da raça pastor alemão. Supõe-se que para essa síndrome haja base genética. Os principais sinais clínicos são dermatológicos, e incluem pápulas e nódulos nos membros (carpo, tarso, metacarpo e metatarso), dígitos, região cefálica, perilabial e, mais raramente, tronco. Os nódulos são firmes e hiperpigmentados, podendo ser cutâneos ou subcutâneos. Sinais sistêmicos também são observados e relacionados. Há insuficiência renal secundária devido à presença de cistos renais unilaterais ou bilaterais, cistadenoma ou cistadenocarcinoma renal, além de leiomiomas uterinos concomitantes. O diagnóstico é obtido por histopatológico das lesões cutâneas e massa renal. Não existe tratamento efetivo para essa síndrome. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de dermatofibrose nodular em um cão macho da raça pastor alemão.
Nodular dermatofibrosis is a syndrome that affects middle-aged to old German shepherds, in which the appearance of dermal fibrotic nodules is associated with a concomitant and progressive kidney cystic disease. The cause is putatively genetic and the main clinical signs are of dermatological character, including papules and nodules on the limbs (carpus, tarsus, metacarpus and metatarsus), digits, cephalic region, and the trunk, albeit less frequently. The nodules are firm and hyperpigmented and can be cutaneous or subcutaneous. Systemic signs are also observed and related. There can be kidney insufficiency secondary to unilateral or bilateral kidney epithelial cysts, kidney cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma, as well as concomitant uterine leiomyomas. Diagnosis is obtained by histopathology of skin lesions and of the kidney mass. There is no effective treatment for this syndrome. The aim of this study is to report a case of nodular dermatofibrosis in a male German shepherd.
La dermatofibrosis nodular es un síndrome en el cual se asocian la presencia de nódulos dérmicos fibróticos a una enfermedad renal cística y progresiva, que suele presentarse en perros Ovejeros alemanes de edad media a viejos. Se cree que existe una base genética para este síndrome. Los principales signos clínicos son dermatológicos, como pápulas y nódulos en los miembros (carpo, tarso, metacarpo y metatarso), dígitos, región cefálica, región perilabial y, raramente, en tronco. Los nódulos son firmes e hiperpigmentados, y pueden ser cutáneos o subcutáneos. También pueden observarse alteraciones sistémicas relacionadas con esta enfermedad. La insuficiencia renal es secundaria a la presencia de quistes renales (uni o bilaterales), y neoplasias como adenomas y adenocarcinomas de riñón, además de leiomiomas uterinos. El diagnóstico se consigue a través de la histopatología de las lesiones cutáneas y de la masa renal. No existe un tratamiento efectivo contra este síndrome. El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar un caso de dermatofibrosis nodular en um perro Ovejero alemán.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cisto Epidérmico/veterinária , Doenças Renais Císticas/veterinária , Fibrose Cística/veterinária , Cistadenocarcinoma/veterinária , Cistadenoma/veterinária , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Leiomioma/veterináriaRESUMO
A dermatofibrose nodular é uma síndrome em que o aparecimento de nódulos dérmicos fibróticos é associado a uma doença cística renal concomitante e progressiva, que se apresenta em cães de meia-idade a idosos da raça pastor alemão. Supõe-se que para essa síndrome haja base genética. Os principais sinais clínicos são dermatológicos, e incluem pápulas e nódulos nos membros (carpo, tarso, metacarpo e metatarso), dígitos, região cefálica, perilabial e, mais raramente, tronco. Os nódulos são firmes e hiperpigmentados, podendo ser cutâneos ou subcutâneos. Sinais sistêmicos também são observados e relacionados. Há insuficiência renal secundária devido à presença de cistos renais unilaterais ou bilaterais, cistadenoma ou cistadenocarcinoma renal, além de leiomiomas uterinos concomitantes. O diagnóstico é obtido por histopatológico das lesões cutâneas e massa renal. Não existe tratamento efetivo para essa síndrome. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de dermatofibrose nodular em um cão macho da raça pastor alemão.(AU)
Nodular dermatofibrosis is a syndrome that affects middle-aged to old German shepherds, in which the appearance of dermal fibrotic nodules is associated with a concomitant and progressive kidney cystic disease. The cause is putatively genetic and the main clinical signs are of dermatological character, including papules and nodules on the limbs (carpus, tarsus, metacarpus and metatarsus), digits, cephalic region, and the trunk, albeit less frequently. The nodules are firm and hyperpigmented and can be cutaneous or subcutaneous. Systemic signs are also observed and related. There can be kidney insufficiency secondary to unilateral or bilateral kidney epithelial cysts, kidney cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma, as well as concomitant uterine leiomyomas. Diagnosis is obtained by histopathology of skin lesions and of the kidney mass. There is no effective treatment for this syndrome. The aim of this study is to report a case of nodular dermatofibrosis in a male German shepherd.(AU)
La dermatofibrosis nodular es un síndrome en el cual se asocian la presencia de nódulos dérmicos fibróticos a una enfermedad renal cística y progresiva, que suele presentarse en perros Ovejeros alemanes de edad media a viejos. Se cree que existe una base genética para este síndrome. Los principales signos clínicos son dermatológicos, como pápulas y nódulos en los miembros (carpo, tarso, metacarpo y metatarso), dígitos, región cefálica, región perilabial y, raramente, en tronco. Los nódulos son firmes e hiperpigmentados, y pueden ser cutáneos o subcutáneos. También pueden observarse alteraciones sistémicas relacionadas con esta enfermedad. La insuficiencia renal es secundaria a la presencia de quistes renales (uni o bilaterales), y neoplasias como adenomas y adenocarcinomas de riñón, además de leiomiomas uterinos. El diagnóstico se consigue a través de la histopatología de las lesiones cutáneas y de la masa renal. No existe un tratamiento efectivo contra este síndrome. El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar un caso de dermatofibrosis nodular en um perro Ovejero alemán.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças Renais Císticas/veterinária , Cisto Epidérmico/veterinária , Fibrose Cística/veterinária , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Cistadenoma/veterinária , Cistadenocarcinoma/veterinária , Leiomioma/veterináriaRESUMO
La escrofuloderma es una forma de tuberculosis cutánea que resulta de la extensión directa a la piel de un foco tuberculoso contiguo (linfático u óseo), con frecuente fistulización y evolución crónica, pudiendo ocurrir curación espontánea que deja cicatriz retráctil. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 7 años de edad, que presenta dos úlceras en la pared torácica izquierda con un aumento del volumen torácico del mismo lado de 7 meses de evolución; recibe tratamientos antibióticos múltiples y curaciones sin mejoría. En la radiografía de tórax se evidencia compromiso de pleura y arcos costales izquierdos, que es compatible con osteítis tuberculosa. Se realiza biopsia de piel, observándose granulomas tuberculoides con necrosis caseosa y coloración Ziehl Neelsen positiva para BAAR. Inicia tratamiento con tuberculostáticos obteniendo una mejoría clínica evidente. A las 8 semanas de iniciado el tratamiento, se obtiene cultivo positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The scrofuloderma is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis that results of the extension of a contiguous tuberculous focus (lymphatic or bone) to the skin, with frequent fistulization and chronic evolution; spontaneous healing may occur in some cases leaving a scar. We present the case of a 7 years old male patient who complained of two ulcers with deformation of the thoracic wall that started 7 months previous to the diagnosis. He received multiple antibiotic treatments without improvement. The chest radiograph showed left pleura and costal arches involvement. Skin biopsy showed the presence of tuberculoid granulomas with caseous necrosis, and Ziehl Neelsen staining was positive for BAAR. The patient received tuberculostatic treatment and had clinical improvement. After 8 weeks of treatment, the culture resulted positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Tuberculose Cutânea , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , TuberculoseRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de un grupo de pacientes diagnosticados de síndrome de Stevens-Johnsons (SSJ) y necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen entre junio de 2004 y mayo del 2007. Se revisó las historias clínicas de los casos hospitalizados, recogiendo la información sobre drogas responsables, tratamiento y resultado final. Resultados: Se estudiaron siete pacientes, cinco con diagnóstico de NET, uno con SSJ y uno con síndrome SSJ-NET. Cinco pacientes fueron mujeres y dos varones, con una edad media de 47 años.Los fármacos asociados fueron los anticonvulsivantes (fenitoína y lamotrigina) en tres pacientes, metamizol en dos, cotrimoxazol en uno y fluconazol también en uno. La mucosa oral fue afectada en todos los casos, la mucosa genital en cuatro y la mucosa conjuntival en tres. El tratamiento de elección fueron los corticoides en seis pacientes y se inicio de forma rápida en cuatro, evolucionando con mínimas complicaciones y solo uno de ellos presento secuelas oculares. Solo hubo un deceso en este grupo. Conclusiones: El SSJ y la NET en nuestros casos fueron causados principalmente por anticonvulsivantes y metamizol, fueron tratados en su mayoría con corticoides sistémicos. Drogas de uso creciente como fluconazol y lamotrigina también deben considerarse entre los medicamentos de riesgo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol , Dipirona , Fluconazol , Fenitoína , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Very little is known about the systemic effects caused by Philodryas patagoniensis colubrid snake venom. In this work, this venom was tested for its ability to induce histopathological changes in rats after its intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous administration, by light microscopic examination of some organs (cerebellum, cerebrum, lung, liver, kidney and heart). Four rats were used for each dose of 0.23, 0.45 and 0.90 mg of venom in 0.3 ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4). Aliquots of blood were withdrawn at different time intervals for enzymatic determination of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels. After 2h the animals were killed by an overdose of anesthetic, and samples of kidney, heart, liver, lung, cerebrum and cerebellum were taken to microscopic examination (hematoxylin and eosin stain). Histologically, no abnormality was observed in heart tissue, in none of the administration routes of the venom used. However, histological observations showed multifocal hemorrhage in cerebellum, cerebrum and lung sections, severe peritubular capillary congestion in kidney sections and hydropic degeneration in liver sections, when venom was administrated intravenously. The subcutaneous route showed similar results to the previous one, with the exception of cerebellar hemorrhage. Intramuscularly, neither cerebral nor cerebellar hemorrhage was observed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased levels were demonstrated, mainly when venom was administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Our results suggest that P. patagoniensis venom induces moderate histopathological changes in vital organs of rats. These changes are initiated at early stages of the envenomation and may be associated with a behavioral or functional abnormality of those organs during envenoming.
Assuntos
Colubridae , Mordeduras de Serpentes/patologia , Venenos de Serpentes/toxicidade , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Injeções Intramusculares , Injeções Intravenosas , Injeções Subcutâneas , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Venenos de Serpentes/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Hemibrycon pautensis (Characiformes, Characidae), a new fish species from Paute River, eastern Ecuador is described. Diagnostic characteristics: eight to nine branched rays in the dorsal fin (vs. six to seven), and 27 - 28 in the anal fin (vs. 16 - 26, except in H. dariensis which presents 22 - 27, in H. metae 26 - 31 and H. jabonero 23 - 28); a no occurrence of dorsal pharyngeal plate (vs. occurrence); a cartilaginous and divided-in-two basihial (vs. an osseous base and a cartilaginous upper part). Hemibrycon pautensis resembles H. metae by its oblique external edge of the pelvic fins. They can be distinguished by the position of the pectoral fins in relation to the snout (38.24-41.6% in H. pautensis vs. 21.21-25.87) and by the position of the pectoral fins in relation to the origin of the dorsal fin (20.95-24.30 in Hemibrycon pautensis vs. 35.89-42.63), and by the number of proximate radials in the pectoral girdle (five in Hemibrycon pautensis vs. three to four). In addition, the geographic distribution of H. metae is restricted to the upper part of the Meta River in Colombia and can be distinguished of H. boquiae by: the number of scales between the lateral-line and the origin of the dorsal fin (eight in H. pautensis vs. 5-7); the distance between the snout and the pelvic fins (38.00-42.90 % in H. pautensis vs. 42.9-46.19%); the pelvic fins length (13.77-17.96% in H. pautensis vs. 10.72-13.21%); and the snout length (21.34-27.88 in H. pautensis vs. 26.92-33.66%).
Assuntos
Peixes/classificação , Animais , Equador , Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , RiosRESUMO
The new species Grundulus quitoensis is described from El Voladero Lake, El Angel Biological Reserve, Northern Ecuador. The new taxon can be distinguished from all congeners by the following characters, respectively: a low number of unbranched rays in the anal fin (three vs. four-five) and in pectoral fins (on vs. two - three), a higher number of dentary teeth (12-14 vs. 8-10), a second infraorbital about three times larger than the first (vs. about two times larger), a third infraorbital which is not in contact with the preopercle (vs. in contact with preopercle), the presence of four small fenestrae in the infero-lateral bone dentary (vs. one - two); and a premaxilla which presents a long lateral process (vs. short), a maxilla with two notches in the infero-lateral surface (vs. one notch in the infero-lateral surface).
Assuntos
Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Peixes/classificação , Animais , EquadorRESUMO
Due to variability of venom components from the same species of snakes that inhabit different regions, particular properties of the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus that inhabits the North-East of Argentina were studied. Gyroxin, a thrombin-like enzyme, was isolated from this venom by gel filtration and affinity chromatography, it was found to be homogeneous according to SDS-PAGE, with a molecular weight of 33 kDa. "Gyroxin syndrome" in mice was tested and it showed changes in the animal behavior, confirming that the isolated thrombin-like enzyme is gyroxin. Effects of this enzyme and the crude venom on mice plasmatic fibrinogen levels were determined. The mice plasma fibrinogen decreased rapidly until incoagulability during the first hour after thrombin-like enzyme injection, then reaching its normal level 10 hours after injection; whereas crude venom resulted in a 60% decrease of the mice plasma fibrinogen, reaching its normal level after the same period of time. After 1 hour of gyroxin inoculation, intravascular coagulation was observed in histological cuttings of lung, cardiac muscle and liver. The isolated enzyme showed strong hydrolyzing activity on fibrinogen and fibrin in vitro, whereas the crude venom exhibited weak hydrolyzing activity on both substrates. It is probable that this very low activity is due to the low percentage of the enzyme in the crude venom. Decreasing of plasmatic fibrinogen levels may be due to either the coagulant or hydrolyzing actions of the enzyme.
Assuntos
Venenos de Crotalídeos/enzimologia , Crotalus , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Trombina/metabolismo , Animais , Argentina , Coagulantes/farmacologia , Venenos de Crotalídeos/isolamento & purificação , Venenos de Crotalídeos/metabolismo , Venenos de Crotalídeos/farmacologia , Feminino , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
Due to variability of venom components from the same species of snakes that inhabit different regions, particular properties of the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus that inhabits the North-East of Argentina were studied. Gyroxin, a thrombin-like enzyme, was isolated from this venom by gel filtration and affinity chromatography, it was found to be homogeneous according to SDS-PAGE, with a molecular weight of 33 kDa. [quot ]Gyroxin syndrome[quot ] in mice was tested and it showed changes in the animal behavior, confirming that the isolated thrombin-like enzyme is gyroxin. Effects of this enzyme and the crude venom on mice plasmatic fibrinogen levels were determined. The mice plasma fibrinogen decreased rapidly until incoagulability during the first hour after thrombin-like enzyme injection, then reaching its normal level 10 hours after injection; whereas crude venom resulted in a 60
decrease of the mice plasma fibrinogen, reaching its normal level after the same period of time. After 1 hour of gyroxin inoculation, intravascular coagulation was observed in histological cuttings of lung, cardiac muscle and liver. The isolated enzyme showed strong hydrolyzing activity on fibrinogen and fibrin in vitro, whereas the crude venom exhibited weak hydrolyzing activity on both substrates. It is probable that this very low activity is due to the low percentage of the enzyme in the crude venom. Decreasing of plasmatic fibrinogen levels may be due to either the coagulant or hydrolyzing actions of the enzyme.
RESUMO
Philodryas olfersii is found in South America, from Amazonas to Patagonia. It is important to characterize the venom of P. olfersii, who inhabits the North-East region of Argentina, since snake venoms are known to exhibit considerable variability in composition and biological activities. In this work, mice weighing 18-20 g (n = 4 for each experimental group) were used. For the edematogenic activity mice were injected s.c. in the right foot pad with 50 microl of solutions containing different amounts of venom, whereas the left foot pad was injected with 50 microl of PBS. Two hours after injection mice were killed by cervical dislocation and both feet were cut off and weighed individually. For the myotoxic activity mice were injected i.m. with 100 microl of solutions containing 40 microg of venom. Blood samples were extracted after 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 24 h of venom injection to determinate serum CPK activity and mice were sacrificed at the same time intervals to obtain the inoculated gastrocnemius muscle. They were fixed with Bouin solution and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Results showed that P. olfersii venom exhibits a high edematogenic activity (MED = 0.31 microg) and a moderate myotoxic activity. Myonecrosis reached its highest level after 12 h of venom injection as shown by plasmatic CPK levels (5,401 +/- 330 IU/l) and microscopic assay. It demonstrates the potential toxicity of the venom of P. olfersii, who inhabits the North-East region of Argentina. It also reinforces the original warning concerning the potential danger of bites by colubrids.
Assuntos
Colubridae/fisiologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Venenos de Serpentes/toxicidade , Animais , Argentina , Colubridae/anatomia & histologia , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Edema/fisiopatologia , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Necrose , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Glândulas Salivares/metabolismoRESUMO
Philodryas olfersii is found in South America, from Amazonas to Patagonia. It is important to characterize the venom of P. olfersii, who inhabits the North-East region of Argentina, since snake venoms are known to exhibit considerable variability in composition and biological activities. In this work, mice weighing 18-20 g (n = 4 for each experimental group) were used. For the edematogenic activity mice were injected s.c. in the right foot pad with 50 microl of solutions containing different amounts of venom, whereas the left foot pad was injected with 50 microl of PBS. Two hours after injection mice were killed by cervical dislocation and both feet were cut off and weighed individually. For the myotoxic activity mice were injected i.m. with 100 microl of solutions containing 40 microg of venom. Blood samples were extracted after 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 24 h of venom injection to determinate serum CPK activity and mice were sacrificed at the same time intervals to obtain the inoculated gastrocnemius muscle. They were fixed with Bouin solution and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Results showed that P. olfersii venom exhibits a high edematogenic activity (MED = 0.31 microg) and a moderate myotoxic activity. Myonecrosis reached its highest level after 12 h of venom injection as shown by plasmatic CPK levels (5,401 +/- 330 IU/l) and microscopic assay. It demonstrates the potential toxicity of the venom of P. olfersii, who inhabits the North-East region of Argentina. It also reinforces the original warning concerning the potential danger of bites by colubrids.
RESUMO
Se inocularon ratas de 220+= 20 g de peso, en grupos de 5 animales, con 800 ug de veneno de Bothrops alternatus de Argentina desecado y homogeneizado, diluído en 0,1 ml de solución salina, pore via intramuscular. Para la obtención de sangre y su posterior sacrificio, se anestesiaron a las 3, 9 y 24 horas, tomándose muestras del músculo inoculado, hígado y riñón. Se realizaron determinaciones enzimáticas y los tejidos se procesaron para histopatología. A las 3 horas, se observaron necrosis de fibras musculares confirmadas por métodos histoquímicos, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatorio, los que se intensificaron a las 9 y 24 horas. Paralelamente se observó un incremento plasmático de lñas actividades enzimáticas de creatin fosfoquinasa (CPK), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT); siendo máximo el aumento de CPK entre las 3 y 9 horas. La respuesta inflamatoria estudiada en ratón, mostró una reacción rápida cuya recuperación fue lenta. La necrosis de fibras musculares fue acompañada por peroxidación de lípidos y precipitación de calcio en las células. Las lesiones de te4jido hepático no fueron relevantes y en riñón se detectaron alteraciones en zona yuxtamedular y en el intersticio cortical(AU)
Assuntos
Camundongos , Venenos de Víboras/efeitos adversos , Venenos de Víboras/sangue , Edema , Hemorragia , Camundongos/lesões , Antivenenos , ArgentinaRESUMO
Se inocularon ratas de 220+= 20 g de peso, en grupos de 5 animales, con 800 ug de veneno de Bothrops alternatus de Argentina desecado y homogeneizado, diluído en 0,1 ml de solución salina, pore via intramuscular. Para la obtención de sangre y su posterior sacrificio, se anestesiaron a las 3, 9 y 24 horas, tomándose muestras del músculo inoculado, hígado y riñón. Se realizaron determinaciones enzimáticas y los tejidos se procesaron para histopatología. A las 3 horas, se observaron necrosis de fibras musculares confirmadas por métodos histoquímicos, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatorio, los que se intensificaron a las 9 y 24 horas. Paralelamente se observó un incremento plasmático de lñas actividades enzimáticas de creatin fosfoquinasa (CPK), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT); siendo máximo el aumento de CPK entre las 3 y 9 horas. La respuesta inflamatoria estudiada en ratón, mostró una reacción rápida cuya recuperación fue lenta. La necrosis de fibras musculares fue acompañada por peroxidación de lípidos y precipitación de calcio en las células. Las lesiones de te4jido hepático no fueron relevantes y en riñón se detectaron alteraciones en zona yuxtamedular y en el intersticio cortical
Assuntos
Camundongos , Edema , Hemorragia , Camundongos/lesões , Venenos de Víboras/efeitos adversos , Venenos de Víboras/sangue , Antivenenos , ArgentinaRESUMO
Se inocularon ratas de 180 a 220 g de peso con 120 ug/100 g de neneno desecado de Crotalus durissus terrrificus de Argentina, en 0,1 ml de soloución salina, por via i.m en grupos de 5 animales. Para la obtención de sangre y posterior sacrificio fueron anestesiados a las 3, 9 y 24 horas, tomándose muestras del músculo inoculado, del contralateral, de hígado y riñón. Se realizaron determinaciones enzimáticas y los tejidos se procesaron para histopatología. Se observó daño del tejido muscular esquelético a partir de las 3 horas, con necrosis miolítica y coagulativa. Paralelamente se pbservó un aumento plasmático de CK, AST yALT, siendo el aumento de CK máximo a las 9 horas posteriores a la inoculación. El tejido hepático se vió afectado, con congestión y dilastación de los vasos sanguíneos grandes. Los sinusoides periféricos a tales vasos presentaron hemosiderina a las 24 horas; las pequeñas vénulas contenian trombos. Los incrementos de AST y alt fueron máximos a las 24 horas. En tejido renal se observó congentión cortical a partir de 3 horas. A las 24 horas la congestión se extendió a las zonas yuxtamedulares con escasa cantidad de cilindros hialinos, Todos los animales manifestaron alteraciones neurológicasd con ptosis palpebral y midriasis bilateral, dificultad respiratoria, insensibilidad y parálisis progresiva. Se demostró que Crotalus durissus terrrificus de Argentina no solo posee actividad neurotóxica, sino también miolítica, hepatotóxica y nefrotóxica(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Crotalus cascavella/intoxicação , Venenos de Crotalídeos/isolamento & purificação , Tecidos/anormalidades , NeurotoxinasRESUMO
Se inocularon ratas de 180 a 220 g de peso con 120 ug/100 g de neneno desecado de Crotalus durissus terrrificus de Argentina, en 0,1 ml de soloución salina, por via i.m en grupos de 5 animales. Para la obtención de sangre y posterior sacrificio fueron anestesiados a las 3, 9 y 24 horas, tomándose muestras del músculo inoculado, del contralateral, de hígado y riñón. Se realizaron determinaciones enzimáticas y los tejidos se procesaron para histopatología. Se observó daño del tejido muscular esquelético a partir de las 3 horas, con necrosis miolítica y coagulativa. Paralelamente se pbservó un aumento plasmático de CK, AST yALT, siendo el aumento de CK máximo a las 9 horas posteriores a la inoculación. El tejido hepático se vió afectado, con congestión y dilastación de los vasos sanguíneos grandes. Los sinusoides periféricos a tales vasos presentaron hemosiderina a las 24 horas; las pequeñas vénulas contenian trombos. Los incrementos de AST y alt fueron máximos a las 24 horas. En tejido renal se observó congentión cortical a partir de 3 horas. A las 24 horas la congestión se extendió a las zonas yuxtamedulares con escasa cantidad de cilindros hialinos, Todos los animales manifestaron alteraciones neurológicasd con ptosis palpebral y midriasis bilateral, dificultad respiratoria, insensibilidad y parálisis progresiva. Se demostró que Crotalus durissus terrrificus de Argentina no solo posee actividad neurotóxica, sino también miolítica, hepatotóxica y nefrotóxica