RESUMO
PURPOSE: Under-desk pedaling devices could help reduce health risks associated with the global decline in work-related energy expenditure. However, the optimal pedaling work rate to facilitate concurrent work performance among physically inactive adults is unclear. We examined the effects of two light-intensity pedaling work rates on physically inactive adults' work performance. METHODS: We recruited equal numbers of older (45-65 yr) versus younger (20-44 yr), male versus female, and overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI], 25-35 kg·m -2 ) versus normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg·m -2 ) participants. Using a Graeco-Latin square design, participants ( n = 96) completed a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effects of using an under-desk pedaling device at two seated light-intensity work rates (17 and 25 W), relative to a seated nonpedaling condition on objectively measured typing, reading, logical reasoning, and phone task performance. Ergonomic comfort under each pedaling work rate was also assessed. Equivalence tests were used to compare work performance under the pedaling versus nonpedaling conditions. RESULTS: Treatment fidelity to the 17- and 25-W pedaling work rates exceeded 95%. Mean work performance scores for each pedaling and nonpedaling condition were equivalent under alpha = 0.025. Age, sex, and BMI did not significantly moderate the effect of pedaling on work performance. Participants reported greater ergonomic comfort while completing work tasks at the 17-W relative to the 25-W work rate. CONCLUSIONS: Physically inactive adults obtained similar work performance scores under the 17- and 25-W pedaling and the nonpedaling conditions, suggesting that either pedaling work rate could help reduce health risks of sedentary work time. The 17-W work rate yielded greater ergonomic comfort and may be an appropriate starting point for introducing diverse inactive workers to under-desk pedaling.
Assuntos
Comportamento Sedentário , Desempenho Profissional , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metabolismo Energético , Sobrepeso , Postura Sentada , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IdosoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The California antitobacco culture may have influenced home smoking bans in Mexico. Based on the Behavioral Ecological Model, exposure to socially reinforcing contingencies or criticism may explain adoption of home smoking bans in Tijuana, Mexico, approximating rates relative to San Diego, California, and higher than those in Guadalajara, Mexico. METHODS: A representative cross-sectional population survey of Latinos (N = 1,901) was conducted in San Diego, Tijuana, and Guadalajara between June 2003 and September 2004. Cities were selected to represent high-, medium-, and low-level exposure to antitobacco social contingencies of reinforcement in a quasiexperimental analysis of possible cultural influences across borders. RESULTS: Complete home smoking ban prevalence was 91% in San Diego, 66% in Tijuana, and 38% in Guadalajara (p < .001). Sample cluster-adjusted logistic regression showed significantly lower odds of complete home smoking bans in Guadalajara (odds ratio [OR] = .048) and in Tijuana (OR = .138) compared to San Diego after control for demographics. Odds of complete home smoking bans in both Guadalajara and Tijuana in comparison with San Diego were weakened when mediators for bans were controlled in predictive models. Direction of association was consistent with theory. When theoretical mediators were explored as possible moderators, weak and nonsignificant associations were obtained for all interaction terms. Bootstrap analyses demonstrated that our multivariable logistic regression results were reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that California antismoking social contingencies mediate complete home smoking bans in all 3 cities and may account for the greater effects in Tijuana contrasted with Guadalajara.
Assuntos
Política Antifumo , Fumar/epidemiologia , Controle Social Formal , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , California/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Estudos Transversais , Difusão de Inovações , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Modelos Teóricos , Fumar/psicologia , Controle Social Formal/métodos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Striking decreases in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence have been seen recently in non-Latino Whites but not in Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine the influence of limited English proficiency (LEP) on differences in CRC test use rates between Mexican American and non-Latino White adults in California and reported reasons for not getting a CRC exam. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2005 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). SETTING: Representative sample of non-institutionalized adults living in California. PARTICIPANTS: Mexican American (n = 1,529) and non-Latino White men and women aged 50 and older (n = 16,775) who had not been diagnosed with CRC. ANALYSIS: Logistic regression analyzed the effect of ethnicity and limited English proficiency (LEP) on CRC test use after adjusting for sociodemographics, healthcare access, health status, and other health behaviors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents' likelihood of not receiving the CRC exam was examined as a function of ethnicity and LEP status; differences in reasons for not receivingCRC testing between ethnic groups were also examined. RESULTS: More than 40% of Californian Mexican American adults aged 50 and older have never had either fecal occult blood test or lower endoscopy CRC tests. Mexican Americans were more likely to have difficulty understanding their doctor due to language barriers (P < .01). Mexican Americans more often reported provider barriers in getting an endoscopy (ie, test was not recommended by their medical provider) than non-Latino Whites (P = .01). After adjustment for covariates, Mexican Americans were 1.32 times and those with LEP were 1.68 times more likely to have never had either CRC test. CONCLUSIONS: Limited English proficiency significantly decreased the likelihood of getting tested for CRC (P < .01). Eliminating language barriers should result in improvements in CRC test use among limited English proficiency Mexican Americans.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/etnologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Barreiras de Comunicação , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Idioma , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , California/epidemiologia , Colonoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Comparação Transcultural , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Médico-Paciente , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Condom availability programs (CAPs) may increase access to condoms and contribute to increased condom use among youth. This study describes the characteristics, degree of satisfaction, and gender differences among users of a CAP implemented in two high schools in Tijuana (Baja California, Mexico). A kiosk distributing free male condoms was set up in two high schools in Tijuana. Kiosk users (N=570) were more likely to be male, young, and/or enrolled in a lower SES school. Most kiosk users were either sexually active or planning to have sex. Females were less likely to request condoms and to continue using the kiosk, but more likely to request information on other contraceptive methods. Results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing CAPs in Mexican schools and suggest that these programs can improve adolescents' condom access.