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RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se o escore narrativo obtido por meio da aplicação do "Protocolo de Avaliação da Narrativa Oral de História (ProNOH)" permite discriminar os grupos etários estudados, bem como sua relação com o nível de coerência global da história. Método Participaram 97 pré-escolares e escolares com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, entre 5 e 12 anos, ambos os sexos que frequentavam escola pública. Foi aplicado o "Protocolo de Avaliação da Narrativa Oral de História (ProNOH)" e calculado o escore narrativo na dimensão macroestrutural a partir dos elementos estruturais previstos no modelo da gramática de história. Esses mesmos elementos foram usados para obter o nível de coerência global da história, segundo proposta de análise de Spinillo e Martins (1997). Resultados Diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada entre os grupos etários, principalmente entre as idades fronteiriças de 5-6 anos, 7-8 anos, 9-10 anos e 11-12 anos. Correlação positiva e estatisticamente significante foi encontrada com a idade e o escore narrativo e a coerência global, bem como entre o escore narrativo e o nível de coerência global. Conclusão O protocolo mostrou ser útil para identificar o repertório de elementos típicos da gramática de história na narrativa oral como uma medida objetiva que diferenciou a narrativa oral de grupos etários. Os resultados indicaram ainda que o escore narrativo pode ser uma medida norteadora do nível de coerência da história, apesar deste valor não substituir uma análise específica.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate if the narrative score of the ProNOH protocol allows for discriminating age groups, as well as its relation with the global coherence level of the story. The performance of preschool and schoolchildren on the macrostructure aspects. Methods Participants were 97 preschoolers and schoolchildren with typical language development, aged between five and 12 years old, and both sexes who attended public schools. The "Protocolo de Avaliação da Narrativa Oral de História (ProNOH)" (Protocol for the Evaluation of Oral Storytelling) was applied and the narrative score in the macrostructure dimension was calculated with story grammar elements. These same story elements were used to obtain the global coherence level of the story, as proposed by Spinillo and Martins (1997). Results A statistically significant difference was found between age groups, mainly between the borderline ages of 5-6 years, 7-8 years, 9-10 years, and 11-12 years. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the narrative score and global coherence and age, as well as between the narrative score and global coherence. Conclusion The protocol proved to be useful for identifying the repertoire of typical story grammar elements as an objective measure that differs in oral narrative across age groups. The results also indicate that the narrative score can provide an idea about the global coherence of the story, although this value does not replace a specific analysis.

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Crocodylians globally face considerable challenges, including population decline and extensive habitat modification. Close monitoring of crocodylian populations and their habitats is imperative for the timely detection of population trends, especially in response to management interventions. Here we use eDNA metabarcoding to identify the Critically Endangered Crocodylus rhombifer and the Vulnerable C. acutus, as well as vertebrate community diversity, in Cuba's Zapata Swamp. We tested four different primer sets, including those used previously in Crocodylus population genetic and phylogenetic research, for their efficiency at detecting crocodylian eDNA. We detected C. rhombifer eDNA in 11 out of 15 sampled locations within its historical geographic distribution. We found that data analyses using the VertCOI primers and the mBRAVE bioinformatics pipeline were the most effective molecular marker and pipeline combination for identifying this species from environmental samples. We also identified 55 vertebrate species in environmental samples across the four bioinformatics pipelines- ~ 85% known to be present in the Zapata ecosystem. Among them were eight species previously undetected in the area and eight alien species, including known predators of hatchling crocodiles (e.g., Clarias sp.) and egg predators (e.g., Mus musculus). This study highlights eDNA metabarcoding as a powerful tool for crocodylian biomonitoring within fragile and diverse ecosystems, particularly where fast, non-invasive methods permit detection in economically important areas and will lead to a better understanding of complex human-crocodile interactions and evaluate habitat suitability for potential reintroductions or recovery programs for threatened crocodylian species.

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PURPOSE: To investigate if the narrative score of the ProNOH protocol allows for discriminating age groups, as well as its relation with the global coherence level of the story. The performance of preschool and schoolchildren on the macrostructure aspects. METHODS: Participants were 97 preschoolers and schoolchildren with typical language development, aged between five and 12 years old, and both sexes who attended public schools. The "Protocolo de Avaliação da Narrativa Oral de História (ProNOH)" (Protocol for the Evaluation of Oral Storytelling) was applied and the narrative score in the macrostructure dimension was calculated with story grammar elements. These same story elements were used to obtain the global coherence level of the story, as proposed by Spinillo and Martins (1997). RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between age groups, mainly between the borderline ages of 5-6 years, 7-8 years, 9-10 years, and 11-12 years. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the narrative score and global coherence and age, as well as between the narrative score and global coherence. CONCLUSION: The protocol proved to be useful for identifying the repertoire of typical story grammar elements as an objective measure that differs in oral narrative across age groups. The results also indicate that the narrative score can provide an idea about the global coherence of the story, although this value does not replace a specific analysis.

OBJETIVO: Investigar se o escore narrativo obtido por meio da aplicação do "Protocolo de Avaliação da Narrativa Oral de História (ProNOH)" permite discriminar os grupos etários estudados, bem como sua relação com o nível de coerência global da história. MÉTODO: Participaram 97 pré-escolares e escolares com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, entre 5 e 12 anos, ambos os sexos que frequentavam escola pública. Foi aplicado o "Protocolo de Avaliação da Narrativa Oral de História (ProNOH)" e calculado o escore narrativo na dimensão macroestrutural a partir dos elementos estruturais previstos no modelo da gramática de história. Esses mesmos elementos foram usados para obter o nível de coerência global da história, segundo proposta de análise de Spinillo e Martins (1997). RESULTADOS: Diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada entre os grupos etários, principalmente entre as idades fronteiriças de 5-6 anos, 7-8 anos, 9-10 anos e 11-12 anos. Correlação positiva e estatisticamente significante foi encontrada com a idade e o escore narrativo e a coerência global, bem como entre o escore narrativo e o nível de coerência global. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo mostrou ser útil para identificar o repertório de elementos típicos da gramática de história na narrativa oral como uma medida objetiva que diferenciou a narrativa oral de grupos etários. Os resultados indicaram ainda que o escore narrativo pode ser uma medida norteadora do nível de coerência da história, apesar deste valor não substituir uma análise específica.

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Stains and glaze are effective procedures for achieving an aesthetic smoothness on indirect restorations. Thus, the effect of surface-etching treatments previous to the stain layer and the glaze application on the occlusal and antagonist wear of a hybrid ceramic were evaluated against different antagonists. Disc-shaped samples were prepared from polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) blocks. The specimens were divided into eight groups, according to the surface-etching treatment and glaze application: P (polished specimens); PG (polishing plus glaze); E (hydrofluoric acid etching plus stain); EG (acid etching plus stain plus glaze); A (aluminum oxide sandblasting plus stain); AG (sandblasting plus stain plus glaze); S (self-etching primer plus stain); SG (self-etching primer plus stain plus glaze). Half of the samples were subjected to a wear simulation with a steatite antagonist, and the other half was tested using a PICN antagonist. The test parameters were: 15 N, 1.7 Hz, 6 mm of horizontal sliding, 5000 cycles. The discs and the antagonists' masses were measured before and after the wear tests. The average roughness and spacing defects were evaluated. The etching treatment affected the surface and antagonist mass loss when tested against steatite. AG showed the highest mass loss. This influence was not detected when using the PICN antagonist. The glaze application after staining ensures a smoother surface and avoids antagonist wear.

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Soft reliner and glaze are materials used over full or partial dental prosthesis to prevent excessive pressure on the supporting tissues. They are also indicated as supportive treatment for dental stomatitis, especially when modified by the addition of medications. The objective of the work was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of silver-coated silica nanoparticles in a glaze and a soft reliner. The nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans SC5314. Then, the nanoparticles were incorporated to a glaze and a soft reliner, which were called nanocomposites. Then, the nanocomposites were divided into six groups (n = 12): CG: glaze/reliner; CR: reliner; G1: glaze + 1% nanoparticles/reliner; G2: glaze + 2.5% nanoparticles/reliner; R1: reliner + 1%; R2: reliner + 2.5%. The nanocomposites were characterized by a goniometer and by a scanning electron microscope. The antibiofilm test was performed against C. albicans SC5314. According to the MIC results, the non-functionalized nanoparticles reduced fungal growth at 1000 µg/mL and the functionalized nanoparticles at 2000 µg/mL. The functionalized nanoparticle had a superior dispersion being selected for the antibiofilm test. There was a reduction of 64% in CFU/specimen count for the glaze, not statistically significant (p = 0.244). For the soft reliner, there was an increase in CFU/specimen with the presence of nanoparticles, still not statistically significant (p = 0.264). In conclusion, it is necessary to conduct new studies to increase the release of silver, thus improving nanoparticles' antifungal potential.

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This checklist is the fifth and last compilation on the decapod crustaceans reported to So Paulo (Brazil) coastal area, resulting from long-term multidisciplinary projects, which combined morphological analyses and molecular techniques. The current research includes 75 decapod species, herein referred as shrimps/lobsters-like (shrimps, ghost-shrimps, lobsters, and related groups), reported to So Paulo coastal area. These species occur in marine, estuarine, and amphidromous habitats and are classified into 21 families as follow: Aristeidae (2 spp., 2 genera), Atyidae (4 spp., 2 genera), Axianassidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Callianassidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Callichiridae (6 spp., 4 genera), Crangonidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Glyphocrangonidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Luciferidae (2 spp., 2 genera), Nephropidae (4 spp., 2 genera), Palaemonidae (15 spp., 9 genera), Palinuridae (2 spp., 1 genus), Pandalidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Pasiphaeidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Penaeidae (10 spp., 6 genera), Sergestidae (3 spp., 3 genera), Sicyoniidae (4 spp., 1 genus), Scyllaridae (5 spp., 3 genera), Solenoceridae (4 spp., 3 genera), Stenopodidae (2 spp., 1 genus), and Upogebiidae (6 spp., 1 genus). We generated new sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (barcode region) and 16S genes (51 and 54, respectively) of 54 species. Our examination concluded that 75 shrimps/lobsters-like species are reported to the So Paulo coast. We excluded Leander tenuicornis (Palaemonidae), Penaeus setiferus (Penaeidae), Philocheras gorei (Crangonidae), and Rhynchocinetes typus (Rhynchocinetidae) from this list.

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Objective: Thermally activated acrylic resins (RAATs) are widely used in dentures as a base material due to their good dimensional stability and biocompatibility. However, their low thermal conductivity is a disadvantage, as it affects acceptance when using dental prostheses. Thus, the objective of this work was to measure the conduction heat in RAATs with and without incorporation of silica and silver nanoparticles (NP) and rigid reline (RR). Material and Methods: For this, samples were made and divided into 10 groups (n = 6). The first five groups were 2-mm-thick samples: G1 (RAAT control), G2 (RAAT + RR control), G3 (RAAT and NP + RR), G4 (RAAT + RR and NP), and G5 (RAAT and RR modified by NP). In the other five groups, 8-mm-thick samples were made: G6 (RAAT control), G7 (RAAT + RR control), G8 (RAAT and NP + RR), G9 (RAAT + RR and NP), and G10 (RAAT and RR modified by NP). The heat that cross the surface of the specimens was quantified using a wireless device. The data were submitted to two-factor ANOVA statistical analysis and Tukey ́s test with a 5% significance level. Results: After measuring the temperature variation as a function of time, it can be observed that there was a statistically significant difference for thermal conduction between the control groups and those modified with NP. Conclusion: Thus, it was possible to conclude that the NP improved the heat conduction in RAAT and in the RR because the nanoparticles have a higher thermal conductivity. (AU)

Objetivo: As resinas acrílicas termicamente ativadas (RAATs) são amplamente utilizada em próteses dentárias como material de base, pois possuem uma boa estabilidade dimensional e biocompatibilidade. Porém, como desvantagem, possuem baixa condutividade térmica, o que prejudica a aceitação do uso de próteses dentárias. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi medir a condução de calor em RAAT com e sem incorporação de nanopartículas de sílica e prata (NP) e reembasador rígido (RR). Material e Métodos: Para isso, foram confeccionadas amostras que foram divididas em 10 grupos (n=6). Os primeiros cinco grupos eram amostras de 2 mm de espessura: G1 (RAAT controle), G2 (RAAT + RR controle), G3 (RAAT e NP + RR), G4 (RAAT + RR e NP) e G5 (RAAT e RR modificados por NP). E nos outros cinco grupos foram feitas amostras com espessura de 8 mm: G6 (RAAT controle), G7 (RAAT + RR controle), G8 (RAAT e NP + RR), G9 (RAAT + RR e NP) e G10 (RAAT e RR modificados por NP). O calor percorrido pela superfície dos corpos ­ de prova foi quantificado por meio de um dispositivo sem fio. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey com 5% de significância. Resultados: Após medir a variação da temperatura em função do tempo, pode-se observar que houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a condução térmica entre os grupos controle e os modificados com NP. Conclusão: Assim, foi possível concluir que a NP melhorou a condução de calor na RAAT e no RR, pois as nanopartículas apresentam maior condutividade térmica. (AU)

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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana de um glaze e um reembasador macio com nanopartículas de sílica revestidas por prata. Para isso, foi realizada a síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de sílica recobertas por prata, que foram avaliadas através do teste de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para C. albicans. Após isso, foram confeccionadas amostras e divididas em 6 grupos (n=12): CG: glaze e reembasador macio; CR: reembasador macio; G1: glaze com nanopartículas a 1% e reembasador macio; G2: glaze com nanopartículas a 2,5% e reembasador macio; R1: reembasador macio com nanopartículas a 1%; R2: reembasador macio com nanopartículas a 2,5%. Foram realizados testes de ângulo de contato e efeito anti-biofilme nas amostras. De acordo com o resultado da CIM, houve redução das contagens de fungos após adição de ambas as nanopartículas, não funcionalizada (a 1000 µg/mL) e funcionalizada (a 2000 µg/mL). Para o ângulo de contato, houve uma redução significativa da molhabilidade nos grupos G2 (p=0,001) e R2 (p=0,000). Para o ensaio de biofilme, houve uma redução de 64% na contagem de UFC/espécime para o grupo G1, porém, esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,244). Já para o reembasador, houve um aumento não significativo (p=0,264) de UFC/espécime com a agregação das nanopartículas. Pode-se concluir que houve redução do crescimento fúngico para o teste de CIM nos poços que receberam as nanopartículas. Houve alteração significativa da energia de superfície e molhabilidade nos grupos G2 e R2. Houve uma redução de 64% de UFC/espécime para o grupo G1 quando comparada ao CG, não sendo estatisticamente significativa. Assim, o desenvolvimento de um glaze, nas condições observadas, pode ter potencial antifúngico promissor.

The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action of glaze and soft reline with silver-coated silica nanoparticles. So, silver-coated silica nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. The test of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans evaluated the antimicrobial potential of the nanoparticle. After that, samples were made and divided into six groups (n = 12): CG: glaze and soft reline; CR: soft reline; G1: glaze with 1% nanoparticles and soft reline; G2: glaze with 2.5% nanoparticles and soft reline; R1: soft reline with 1% nanoparticles; R2: soft reline with 2.5% nanoparticles. The contact angle test evaluated the wettability of the samples' surface. The anti-biofilm test evaluated the fungal growth. According to the MIC result, there was a reduction in fungal counts after the addition of both nanoparticles, non-functionalized (at 1000 µg / mL) and functionalized (at 2000 µg / mL). In the contact angle test, the wettability significantly decreased for the group G2 (p = 0.001) and group R2 (p = 0.000). In the anti-biofilm test, there was a reduction of 64% of CFU/specimen count in group G1. As for the reline, there was a non-significant increase (p = 0.264) of CFU/specimen with the aggregation of the nanoparticles. Overall, there was a reduction in fungal growth for the MIC test in the microplates that received the nanoparticles. There was a reduction of 64% of CFU/specimen count in group G1 compared to the CG, which not statistically significant. Thus, the development of a glaze, under the conditions observed, may have promising antifungal potential.

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Digital dentistry has gained space in several dental specialties. It is possible to achieve excellent results with the digital workflow, which combines the efficiency of the restorative material with a greater marginal adaptation. This study aimed to report a clinical case through the digital workflow, with a faster and clinically acceptable prosthetic resolution. In this clinical case report, digital workflow allowed a faster and clinically acceptable prosthetic resolution. A 45-year-old female patient reported cementation failure of the prosthetic crown on tooth 14. As it was a vital tooth, the tooth received a total crown preparation. In the same clinical session, the patient's mouth was scanned then a capture software obtained a virtual model. After, the design software planned a digital "diagnostic wax-up", so a leucitic ceramic was chosen for the rehabilitation. The ceramic block was milled and receive stain and glaze, dispensing the prosthesis laboratory. Then, the adhesive cementation was performed with a dual-polymerized resin cement. The final crown had ideal adaptation, with no need for interproximal and occlusal adjustments, with an excellent marginal fit. Within the limitations of this study, this case report showed that the digital workflow allowed a favorable result in a shorter working time, which brought back function and aesthetics, without the need for interproximal and occlusal adjustments. (AU)

A odontologia digital vem ganhando espaço em diversas especialidades odontológicas. Com o fluxo de trabalho digital, é possível alcançar excelentes resultados na reabilitação protética, combinando a eficiência do material restaurador com a adaptação marginal proporcionada pela odontologia digital. O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar um caso clínico através do fluxo de trabalho digital, com uma resolução protética mais rápida e clinicamente aceitável. Paciente do sexo feminino, 45 anos, relatou falha de cimentação da coroa protética do dente 26. Por ser um dente vital, o dente recebeu um preparo de coroa total e os dentes foram escaneados e um software de captura obteve um modelo virtual. Posteriormente, o software de projeto planejou um "enceramento diagnóstico" digital, sendo escolhida uma cerâmica leucítica para a reabilitação. O bloco cerâmico foi fresado e recebeu acabamento, maquiagem e glaze pelo próprio dentista, dispensando um técnico laboratorial de prótese dentária. Em seguida, foi realizada cimentação adesiva definitiva. Este relato de caso mostra que, dentro das limitações desse estudo, o fluxo digital permite um resultado favorável em um menor tempo de trabalho, devolvendo a função e estética, sem necessidade de ajustes interproximais e oclusais (AU)

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This study evaluated the efficacy of S-PRG vanishes on preventing enamel demineralization. Bovine enamel specimens were obtained, polished and the baseline Knoop microhardness was evaluated. Specimens were stratified into six groups (n = 15), according to the varnish applied: S10-experimental varnish containing 10% of S-PRG fillers, S20-20% of S-PRG fillers, S30-30% of S-PRG fillers; S40-40% of S-PRG fillers; PC (positive control)-5% of NaF; NC (negative control)-no treatment was performed. Half of enamel surfaces were protected to work as a control and varnishes were applied over the unprotected area. A demineralizing pH-cycling was performed, and surface and cross-sectional microhardness were measured. The percentage of microhardness of the treated area was calculated comparing with the untreated area. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p = 5%). All experimental S-PRG varnishes protected against demineralization in relation to no treatment, but S40 was the most effective on the surface. For all depths, S30 and S40 were superior in enamel demineralization prevention than other S-PRG filler concentrations and 5% NaF. It was concluded that S-RPG filler containing varnishes were effective to prevent enamel demineralization. The higher concentrated products were more effective than 5% sodium fluoride on surface demineralization prevention.

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CONTEXT: Students can have some issues in the comprehension and execution of coronal preparations in fixed partial prosthesis (FPP). Some issues pertain to the amount of reduction, the inclination, and the positioning, all of which are important for the execution of an ideal preparation while respecting the required biomechanical principles. OBJECTIVE: The present study's aim was to evaluate the main problems experienced by graduation students regarding coronal preparation in FPP and to suggest teaching skills to help students and professors. DESIGN: A total of 87 students, who were enrolled in the 3rd year of Dentistry at the FPP course - in the Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, between 2017 and 2018, participated in the study. Two methodologies were developed, applied, and validated: first, a mannequin with a scheme of colors to help students visualize the coronal preparation; second, a comparison of different didactic methods. RESULTS: Only 54.02% of the students answered the questionnaire, and the main problem identified by the respondents was the amount of reduction required (78.2%). In the second place, 50.9% of the students stated that they had problems with the inclination and angle of the preparation. The mannequin method with color schemes was approved by 91.5%. The favorite didactic method was a live demonstration (face to face), with 61.8%. In the second place, 47.3% of the students stated that live projection was also adequate. CONCLUSIONS: Both auxiliary didactic methods were approved by the students and they reported that it helped them to visualize the amount of reduction necessary and the sequence of the preparation. Hence, it was concluded that the mannequin with color schemes and the live projection were approved as auxiliary didactic resources for teaching FPP.

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PURPOSE: In this study we investigated a set of 100 sentence contexts and their cloze probabilities to develop a database of linguistic stimuli for Brazilian Portuguese children and adolescents. The study also examined age-related changes on cloze probabilities, and specified the predictor effects of age and cloze probabilities on idiosyncratic responses and errors (semantic, syntactic, and other errors). Finally, the study also aimed to shed light on cultural effects on word generation by comparing Brazilian and Portuguese sentence databases. METHOD: 361 typically developing monolingual Brazilian speakers, with ages ranging from 7 to 18 years, participated in the study. The cloze task was composed by 100 sentence contexts, grounded on the European Portuguese database. Responses were classified as valid (correct) or invalid (semantic, syntactic, and other-type errors). Statistical analyses were based on mixed-effects logistic models. RESULTS: Sixty-three sentences met criteria for high cloze probabilities, 30 for medium cloze, and 7 for low cloze. Age was a significant predictor of idiosyncratic responses, semantic and syntactic errors: older participants were less likely to produce idiosyncratic responses, as well as semantic and syntactic errors. Cloze probability values were concordant in the Brazilian and Portuguese databases for 31 out of 49 (83.7%) high-cloze sentences and for 7 low-cloze sentences. CONCLUSION: In this study we have provided a database with cloze probability values for a set of 100 sentence-final word contexts for Brazilian Portuguese children and adolescents. Results showed that both age and sentence contextual level predicted sentence final word completion. Older participants were more likely to choose more consistently the same final word, with the contextual level of a given sentence also contributing to the final word selection. Age should be controlled for in future studies probing semantic processing with this set of sentences.

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The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is a widely distributed species across coastal and brackish areas of the Neotropical region of the Americas and the Greater Antilles. Available information on patterns of genetic differentiation in C. acutus shows a complex structuring influenced by interspecific interactions (mainly hybridization) and anthropogenic actions (mostly historical hunting, recent poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, and unintentional translocation of individuals). In this study, we used data on mitochondrial DNA control region and 11 nuclear polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the degree of population structure of C. acutus in South America, North America, Central America and the Greater Antilles. We used traditional genetic differentiation indices, Bayesian clustering and multivariate methods to create a more comprehensive picture of the genetic relationships within the species across its range. Analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite loci show evidence of a strong population genetic structure in the American crocodile, with unique populations in each sampling locality. Our results support previous findings showing large degrees of genetic differentiation between the continental and the Greater Antillean C. acutus. We report three new haplotypes unique to Venezuela, which are considerably less distant from the Central and North American haplotypes than to the Greater Antillean ones. Our findings reveal genetic population differentiation between Cuban and Jamaican C. acutus and offer the first evidence of strong genetic differentiation among the populations of Greater Antillean C. acutus.

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A freshwater palaemonid shrimp from the São Francisco river basin in Brazil has been found to be a new species and is herein nominated as Macrobrachium veredensis sp. nov. It is morphologically similar to M. brasiliense (Heller, 1862), which is found in many rivers of South America. However, M. veredensis sp. nov. has a smooth carapace and few spinules on the second pereopods, while M. brasiliense has the anterolateral surface of the carapace with small spinules and the palm of the second pereopods with spines, spinules and setae. Despite their similar morphology with these subtle differences, the remarkable genetic different evidenced in DNA analysis. Molecular analyses were based on 43 sequences with 528 base pairs (bp) for 16S rDNA, and 16 new sequences with 581bp, without pseudogenes, for COI mtDNA. The nucleotide divergence between M. veredensis sp. nov. and M. brasiliense (7.0-8.5% for 16S and 11.8-12.5% for COI.), the phylogenetic topology and the haplotype network configuration and it is endemism to a region of the São Francisco river basin support the recognition of a new taxon.

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BACKGROUND: Connectivity among jaguar (Panthera onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. Jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. Accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. Here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual-based conservation genetic analyses to assess genetic diversity and levels of genetic connectivity between individuals in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We used expert knowledge and scientific literature to develop models of landscape permeability based on circuit theory with fine-scale landscape features as ecosystem types, distance to human settlements and roads to predict the most probable jaguar movement across central Belize. RESULTS: We used 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify 50 individual jaguars. We detected high levels of genetic diversity across loci (HE = 0.61, HO = 0.55, and NA = 9.33). Using Bayesian clustering and multivariate models to assess gene flow and genetic structure, we identified one single group of jaguars (K = 1). We identified critical areas for jaguar movement that fall outside the boundaries of current protected areas in central Belize. We detected two main areas of high landscape permeability in a stretch of approximately 18 km between Sittee River Forest Reserve and Manatee Forest Reserve that may increase functional connectivity and facilitate jaguar dispersal from and to Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. Our analysis provides important insights on fine-scale genetic and landscape connectivity of jaguars in central Belize, an area of conservation concern. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study demonstrate high levels of relatively recent gene flow for jaguars between two study sites in central Belize. Our landscape analysis detected corridors of expected jaguar movement between the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We highlight the importance of maintaining already established corridors and consolidating new areas that further promote jaguar movement across suitable habitat beyond the boundaries of currently protected areas. Continued conservation efforts within identified corridors will further maintain and increase genetic connectivity in central Belize.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to characterize and compare the use of typical story grammar elements and global coherence level in the oral narrative of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with the narrative of children without the disorder and with typical development. METHODS: A total of 40 children of both sexes aged 5 to 10 years who attended elementary school participated in the study, 20 of whom were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD Group), and 20 with typical development (TD Group). Participants from each group were similar in sex, chronological age, schooling and socioeconomic status. The wordless picture book Frog, Where Are You? was used to elicit the oral narrative analyzed for the presence of the main typical elements of the story schema (character, theme/topic, event/plot and outcome), and afterwards their narration was classified according to four different levels of organization corresponding to the global story coherence level. RESULTS: The ADHD Group presented lower scores on the structural elements "theme/ topic" and "outcome" and a narrative with lower degree of coherence compared to the TD Group. CONCLUSION: The children with ADHD included in this study presented difficulties to use typical story grammar elements, mainly related to the maintenance of the central theme and outcome of the story. These elements are considered fundamental for construction of narrative coherence, which justifies the lower levels of global coherence found in the oral narrative of the ADHD Group.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar e comparar o uso de elementos típicos da gramática de história e o nível de coerência global na narrativa oral de crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade à narrativa de crianças sem o transtorno e com desenvolvimento típico. MÉTODO: Participaram 40 crianças com idade entre 5 e 10 anos, de ambos os sexos, que frequentavam o ensino fundamental, sendo 20 com diagnóstico de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (Grupo TDAH) e 20 com desenvolvimento típico (Grupo TD). Os participantes de cada grupo eram semelhantes quanto ao sexo, idade cronológica, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. O livro "Frog Where Are You?" foi utilizado para eliciar a narrativa oral de história, que foi analisada quanto à presença dos principais elementos típicos do esquema de história (personagem, tema/tópico, evento/trama e desfecho) e posteriormente classificada dentre quatro diferentes níveis crescentes de organização, correspondendo ao nível de coerência global da história. RESULTADOS: O grupo TDAH apresentou menor pontuação nos elementos estruturais "tema/tópico" e "desfecho" e narrativa com grau de coerência inferior quando comparado ao grupo TD. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças com TDAH deste estudo apresentaram dificuldades no uso de elementos típicos da gramática de história, principalmente relacionados com a manutenção do tema central e desfecho da história. Tais elementos são considerados fundamentais para a construção do sentido da narrativa, o que justifica os níveis inferiores de coerência encontrados na narrativa oral do grupo TDAH.

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Purple maize is an important foodstuff for the Peruvian people. Its unique nutritional and antioxidant characteristics makes it widely exported to other countries. However, when contaminated by fungi, it can trigger numerous health problems in the consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of 27 mycotoxins in 63 samples of purple maize collected in Peru. Frequency of occurrence and mean concentration of the following mycotoxins were determined: alternariolmetileter (AME), alternariol (AOH), tentoxin, neosolaniol, nivalenol, wortmannin, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, ochratoxin A, ochratoxin , T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, fusarenon x, cyclopiazonic acid, gliotoxin, agroclavin and citreoviridin. The main mycotoxins reported in purple maize were AME and AOH, with a frequency of occurrence of 14.3 and 7.9%, and mean concentration of 23.3% and 1.8%, respectively. AME and AOH do not have guidance levels in the Brazilian legislation. Contrastingly, levels of mycotoxins which are within the standards of the countrys regulations were below the limit of quantification. The present results suggested that purple maize is a raw material with a great potential for the production and industrialization of special products.(AU)

O milho roxo é um alimento importante para o povo peruano. Suas características nutricionais e antioxidantes únicas fazem com que seja amplamente exportado para outros países. No entanto, quando contaminado por fungos, pode desencadear inúmeros problemas de saúde nos consumidores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de 27 micotoxinas em 63 amostras de milho roxo coletadas no Peru. A frequência de ocorrência e a concentração média das seguintes micotoxinas foram determinadas: alternariolmetileter (AME), alternariol (AOH), tentoxina, neosolaniol, nivalenol, wortmanina, desoxinivalenol, 3-acetil desoxinivalenol, 15-acetil desoxinivalenol, zearalenona, aflatoxina B1, aflatoxina B2 , aflatoxina G1, aflatoxina G2, fumonisina B1, fumonisina B2, fumonisina B3, ocratoxina A, ocratoxina, toxina T-2, toxina HT-2, fusarenona x, ácido ciclopiazonico, gliotoxina, agroclavina e citreoviridina. As principais micotoxinas encontradas no milho roxo foram AME e AOH, com frequência de ocorrência de 14,3% e 7,9% e concentração média de 23,3% e 1,8%, respectivamente. AME e AOH não possuem níveis de orientação na legislação brasileira. Contrastantemente, os níveis de micotoxinas que estão dentro dos padrões das regulamentações do país estavam abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os presentes resultados sugerem que o milho roxo é uma matéria-prima com grande potencial para a produção e industrialização de produtos especiais.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Purple maize is an important foodstuff for the Peruvian people. Its unique nutritional and antioxidant characteristics makes it widely exported to other countries. However, when contaminated by fungi, it can trigger numerous health problems in the consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of 27 mycotoxins in 63 samples of purple maize collected in Peru. Frequency of occurrence and mean concentration of the following mycotoxins were determined: alternariolmetileter (AME), alternariol (AOH), tentoxin, neosolaniol, nivalenol, wortmannin, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, ochratoxin A, ochratoxin α, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, fusarenon x, cyclopiazonic acid, gliotoxin, agroclavin and citreoviridin. The main mycotoxins reported in purple maize were AME and AOH, with a frequency of occurrence of 14.3 and 7.9%, and mean concentration of 23.3% and 1.8%, respectively. AME and AOH do not have guidance levels in the Brazilian legislation. Contrastingly, levels of mycotoxins which are within the standards of the country's regulations were below the limit of quantification. The present results suggested that purple maize is a raw material with a great potential for the production and industrialization of special products.

RESUMO: O milho roxo é um alimento importante para o povo peruano. Suas características nutricionais e antioxidantes únicas fazem com que seja amplamente exportado para outros países. No entanto, quando contaminado por fungos, pode desencadear inúmeros problemas de saúde nos consumidores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de 27 micotoxinas em 63 amostras de milho roxo coletadas no Peru. A frequência de ocorrência e a concentração média das seguintes micotoxinas foram determinadas: alternariolmetileter (AME), alternariol (AOH), tentoxina, neosolaniol, nivalenol, wortmanina, desoxinivalenol, 3-acetil desoxinivalenol, 15-acetil desoxinivalenol, zearalenona, aflatoxina B1, aflatoxina B2 , aflatoxina G1, aflatoxina G2, fumonisina B1, fumonisina B2, fumonisina B3, ocratoxina A, ocratoxina, toxina T-2, toxina HT-2, fusarenona x, ácido ciclopiazonico, gliotoxina, agroclavina e citreoviridina. As principais micotoxinas encontradas no milho roxo foram AME e AOH, com frequência de ocorrência de 14,3% e 7,9% e concentração média de 23,3% e 1,8%, respectivamente. AME e AOH não possuem níveis de orientação na legislação brasileira. Contrastantemente, os níveis de micotoxinas que estão dentro dos padrões das regulamentações do país estavam abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os presentes resultados sugerem que o milho roxo é uma matéria-prima com grande potencial para a produção e industrialização de produtos especiais.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different surface post-etching treatments in flexural strength, contact angle and surface roughness of a lithium disilicate ceramic. Material and Methods: 60 bars (16 x 2 x 4 mm) were divided in six groups (n=10): C, no treatment; HF, hydrofluoric acid for 20 s (HF) + washing (60 s), drying (30s); HFL, HF + washing (60 s), drying (30 s) and luting; HFNL, HF + washing (60 s) + neutralization with sodium bicarbonate (SB) for 40 s + washing (5s), drying (30 s) and luting; HFUL, HF + washing (60 s) + ultrasonic bath (UB) for 4 min, drying (30 s) and luting; HFNUL, HF + washing (60 s) + SB (40 s) + UB (4 min) and luting. The bars were submitted to three-points flexural strength test. 25 ceramic blocks (12 x 7 x 7 mm) were divided into five groups (n=5) to evaluate roughness and contact angle C - no treatment; HF - HF ; HFU - HF and UB for 5 min ; HFN - HF and SB; HFNU - HF, UB and SB. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the surface of the samples. ANOVA one-way statistical analysis was done for comparison of results. Results: There was no statistical difference for flexural strength (p-value = 0.15) and for surface roughness (p-valor = 0.15). However, it was obtained statistically significant difference for contact angle (p-valor = 0.00). SEM images showed precipitates after the acid etching, which were removed by post-etching treatments. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the different post-etching surface treatments did not increase the flexural strength, surface roughness, but it influenced the ceramic wetting and SEM images (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes tratamentos pós-condicionamento na resistência à flexão, ângulo de contato e rugosidade superficial de uma cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio. Material e Métodos: 60 barras (16 x 2 x 4 mm) foram divididas em seis grupos (n = 10): C, sem tratamento; HF, ácido fluorídrico durante 20 s (HF) + lavagem (60 s), secagem (30 s); HFL, lavagem com HF + (60 s), secagem (30 s) e cimentação; HFNL, HF + lavagem (60 s) + neutralização com bicarbonato de sódio (SB) por 40 s + lavagem (5s), secagem (30 s) e cimentação; HFUL, HF + lavagem (60 s) + banho ultrassônico (UB) por 4 min, secagem (30 s) e cimentação; HFNUL, HF + lavagem (60 s) + SB (40 s) + UB (4 min) e cimentação. As barras foram submetidas ao teste de resistência à flexão de três pontos. 25 blocos cerâmicos (12 x 7 x 7 mm) foram divididos em cinco grupos (n = 5) para avaliação da rugosidade superficial e ângulo de contato C - sem tratamento; HF - HF; HFU - HF e UB por 5 min; HFN - HF e SB; HFNU - HF, UB e SB. Um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) foi utilizado para análise da superfície das amostras. A análise estatística unidirecional ANOVA-um fator foi realizada para comparação dos resultados. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística para a resistência à flexão (p-valor = 0,15) e para a rugosidade superficial (p-valor = 0,15). No entanto, obteve-se diferença estatisticamente significante para o ângulo de contato (p-valor = 0,00). Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram a formação de precipitados após o ataque ácido, que foram removidos pelos tratamentos pós-condicionamento. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que os diferentes tratamentos de superfície pós-condicionamento não aumentaram a resistência à flexão, rugosidade da superfície, mas influenciaram na molhabilidade da cerâmica e nas imagens em MEV.(AU)

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Four species of true crocodile (genus Crocodylus) have been described from the Americas. Three of these crocodile species exhibit non-overlapping distributions-Crocodylus intermedius in South America, C. moreletii along the Caribbean coast of Mesoamerica, and C. rhombifer confined to Cuba. The fourth, C. acutus, is narrowly sympatric with each of the other three species. In this study, we sampled 113 crocodiles across Crocodylus populations in Cuba, as well as exemplar populations in Belize and Florida (USA), and sequenced three regions of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase I; 3,626 base pair long dataset) that overlapped with published data previously collected from Colombia, Jamaica, and the Cayman Islands. Phylogenetic analyses of these data revealed two, paraphyletic lineages of C. acutus. One lineage, found in the continental Americas, is the sister taxon to C. intermedius, while the Greater Antillean lineage is most closely related to C. rhombifer. In addition to the paraphyly of the two C. acutus lineages, we recovered a 5.4% estimate of Tamura-Nei genetic divergence between the Antillean and continental clades. The reconstructed paraphyly, distinct phylogenetic affinities and high genetic divergence between Antillean and continental C. acutus populations are consistent with interspecific differentiation within the genus and suggest that the current taxon recognized as C. acutus is more likely a complex of cryptic species warranting a reassessment of current taxonomy. Moreover, the inclusion, for the first time, of samples from the western population of the American crocodile in Cuba revealed evidence for continental mtDNA haplotypes in the Antilles, suggesting this area may constitute a transition zone between distinct lineages of C. acutus. Further study using nuclear character data is warranted to more fully characterize this cryptic diversity, resolve taxonomic uncertainty, and inform conservation planning in this system.