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Introdução: os dentes artificiais de resina acrílica são amplamente utilizados na confecção de próteses, por apresentarem propriedades físicas, mecânicas e biológicas, além de características de fácil manuseio. No entanto, devido sua característica de baixa resistência à abrasão, a escovação pode levar à perda de massa dos dentes artificiais e aumento da rugosidade. Objetivo: avaliar de forma qualitativa a rugosidade superficial e polimento de dentes artificiais das marcas Hereaus Premium; Trilux e Vita, após período de 1 ano de escovação, com fotografias em Lupa Estereoscópica. Metodologia: para a realização deste estudo, serão utilizados 10 dentes artificiais de cada marca comercial (Trilux, Vita e Hereaus Premium). Os dentes serão fixados com resina ortoftálica em tubo de PVC de 15 mm de espessura. Para o teste de abrasão, será usada uma máquina de escovação simulada com escovas de dentes de cerdas macias e solução de pasta de dente. As imagens serão obtidas com câmera digital acoplada a lupa estereoscópica. A rugosidade superficial e o polimento serão analisados antes da escovação simulada e após 12 meses de escovação através das imagens. Resultados: após o teste de abrasão foi observado a presença de um desgaste superficial e/ou ranhuras na superfície dos dentes artificiais em todos os grupos. Porém não houve um padrão similar entre os corpos de prova de um mesmo grupo. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a escovação provocou o aumento da rugosidade superficial e alteração no polimento em todos os dentes artificiais utilizados.

Introduction: acrylic resin artificial teeth are widely used in the manufacture of dentures, as they have physical, mechanical and biological properties, in addition to easy handling characteristics. However, due to its characteristic of low abrasion resistance, brushing can lead to loss of mass of artificial teeth and increase in roughness. Objective: qualitatively evaluate the surface roughness and polishing of artificial teeth of Hereaus Premium brands; Trilux and Vita, after a 1-year brushing period, with photographs using a Stereoscopic Magnifying Glass. Methodology: for this study, 10 artificial teeth of each commercial brand will be used (Trilux, Vita and Hereaus Premium). Teeth will be fixed with orthophthalic resin in a 15 mm thick PVC tube. For the abrasion test, a simulated brushing machine with soft bristle toothbrushes and toothpaste solution will be used. Images will be obtained with a digital camera coupled to a stereoscopic magnifying glass. Surface roughness and polishing will be analyzed before simulated brushing and after 12 months of brushing through the images. Results: after the abrasion test, the presence of surface wear and/ or grooves on the surface of the artificial teeth was observed in all groups. However, there was no similar pattern between the specimens of the same group. Conclusion: it can be concluded that brushing caused an increase in surface roughness and change in polishing in all artificial teeth used.

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PURPOSE: We sought to verify the cortical thickness and presence of tooth roots and inferior alveolar canal where miniplates are placed using the Champy technique to treat parasymphyseal fractures between the canine and premolar. We also studied these anatomic features at the same level anteriorly and posteriorly to the mental foramen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 dry, normal adult dentate human hemimandibles (40 male and 40 female) were studied. Verification was performed at 3 levels-above (S), below (I), and at the same height as the mental foramen (F). At each level, the thickness and proximity of the tooth roots and inferior alveolar canal were checked at 4 points; two anteriorly (4.5 and 9 mm) and 2 posteriorly (4.5 and 9 mm) to the mental foramen. RESULTS: The cortical bone was significantly thicker at level F (Fa2, 2.37 mm; Fa1, 2.43 mm; Fp1, 2.86 mm; Fp2, 2.89 mm) than the corresponding level S points (Sa2, 2.00 mm; Sa1, 2.11 mm; Sp1, 2.30 mm; Sp2, 2.45 mm) and level I points (Ia2, 2.11 mm; Ia1, 2.17 mm; Ip1, 2.39 mm; Ip2, 2.43 mm). Regarding the thickness and risk of injury, no difference was found between the points at levels S and I, where the miniplates are normally fixed with monocortical screws. No relationship was seen between the points at level F and the tooth roots or inferior alveolar canal. In contrast, a relationship between the points at level S and the tooth root and between the points at level I and the inferior alveolar canal was found. CONCLUSIONS: Above and below the mental foramen, the cortical bone for miniscrew anchorage was up to 3 mm thick. At the level of the foramen, the cortical plate will provide better anchorage and the insertion of miniscrews will be free of any risk of injuring the tooth roots or inferior alveolar canal.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é o de debater a respeito da cricotireotomia, ressaltando suas indicações, complicações e demais aspectos relevantes, especialmente no que diz respeito à técnica cirúrgica e as estruturas anatômicas relacionadas. Durante o atendimento em consultório odontológico, o cirurgião-dentista pode se deparar com complicações decorrentes do procedimento ou de alterações fisiológicas apresentadas pelo paciente. A obstrução aguda das vias aéreas superiores é uma complicação grave e de caráter emergencial, devendo o profissional estar preparado para reverter esse quadro com brevidade. A cricotireotomia consiste em uma manobra de emergência, capaz de devolver a permeabilidade das vias aéreas superiores, sendo reservada para situações de obstrução extrema acima da altura das pregas vocais, como em reações anafiláticas e, eventualmente, em traumatismo facial severo. Esse procedimento não deve ser realizado em crianças menores de 5 anos de idade, indicando-se cautela em crianças menores de 10 anos. Para a realização precisa da técnica cirúrgica, é imprescindível o conhecimento tanto da técnica em si quanto da anatomia topográfica regional.

The goal of this study is to discuss the crycothyroidotomy procedure, highlighting its indications, complications and other major aspects, particularly the specific surgical techniques and related anatomical structures. During a patient's visit to the dental office, the dental surgeon may encounter various complications resulting from the procedure or from physiological changes presented by the patient. The acute obstruction of the upper airways is a serious complication requiring the professional's immediate attention to reverse the picture. Crycothyroidotomy is a lifesaving emergency procedure capable of restoring the permeability of the respiratory system. It has been restricted to situations of extreme obstruction above the vocal cords, such as anaphylactic reactions or severe facial trauma. This procedure should not be performed in children under five years of age, and caution is advised for children under the age of ten. To perform the procedure correctly it is vital for the professional to be familiar not only with the surgical technique itself but also with the underlying anatomy of the region.

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The parotid is the largest salivary gland in humans producing an essentially serous secretion, which normally reaches the oral cavity through a sole duct (the parotid duct) after the latter making its way through the buccinator muscle to reach the mucosa lining the mouth at the level of the cheek. The present study reports on a rare case of double parotid duct found during the dissection the right side of the face of a cadaver of a 46-year-old male individual. The superior (Dl) and inferior (D2) ducts were 26.49 mm and 37.25 mm long, respectively. Based on the diameter of both ducts (Dl and D2) taken in the posterior (3.05 mm and 2.84 mm, respectively) and mid (2.84 mm and 2.68 mm, respectively) thirds, as well as on the histological findings, both ducts were considered to be main parotid ducts. These two ducts merged at the level of the anterior third forming one sole opening into the oral cavity. The data hereby reported are relevant to the various clinical and surgical procedures involving the parotid gland.

La parótida es la glándula salival más grande presente en el hombre y su producto de secreción, básicamente seroso, es normalmente dirigido hasta la cavidad oral, a través de un único canal parotídeo que, luego de perforar el músculo buccinador, desemboca en la mucosa de la mejilla. Este trabajo muestra un caso raro de doble canal parotídeo hallado durante la diseccción de un cadáver de sexo masculino, de 46 años de edad, en el lado derecho del rostro. Los canales superior (DI) e inferior (D2), presentaron una longitud de 26,49 mm y 37,25 mm, respectivamente. En base a los diámetros presentados por los canales en los tercios posterior (DI 3,05mm; D2 2,84 mm) y medio (DI 2,84mm; D2 2,68 mm) y de acuerdo con los hallazgos histológicos, ambos fueron considerados principales. En el tercio más anterior los canales se fusionaron, presentando una única apertura en la cavidad oral. Las informaciones presentadas en este documento son relevantes para diferentes procedimientos clínicos y quirúrgicos que tengan relación con la glándula parótida.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to obtain anatomical information for installing four zygomatic implants, by measurements of maxillae and zygomata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Linear and angular measurements were obtained from the maxillae and zygomata of 40 dry skulls. RESULTS: Based on mean and standard deviation values, the installation angle of the additional implant in the four zygoma technique was between 25 degrees and 47 degrees , and that of the conventional zygomatic implant was between 39 degrees and 62 degrees . The distance between the alveolar crest in the canine region and the lateral margin of the orbital socket was 53.42 mm, and between the alveolar crest in the premolar region and the area closest to the lateral margin of the orbital socket was 42.47 mm. CONCLUSIONS: When the angle of installation of the additional implant is less than 25 degrees and that of the conventional zygomatic implant is less than 39 degrees , perforation of the maxilla, zygoma, or the infratemporal fossa must be avoided. When the angle of installation of an additional implant is greater than 47 degrees and that of the conventional zygomatic implant is greater than 62 degrees , perforation of the orbital floor must be avoided. The length of an additional implant was greater than the length of a conventional zygomatic implant, and should be measured prior to drilling, because the greatest value found for this distance was 61.94 mm, while the maximum length of the zygomatic implants currently available on the market is 52.5 mm.

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A fixação zigomática, desenvolvida em 1989 pelo Prof. Brånemark, tem representado uma bem sucedida alternativa de ancoragem para a reabilitação de maxilas atróficas. A busca por áreas de ancoragem para implantes osseointegrados, como alternativas cirúrgicas ao enxerto ósseo, depende de profundo conhecimento das relações topográficas destas regiões com estruturas anatômicas importantes, para que se tenha segurança na realização do procedimento. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma abordagem anatômica e relacioná-la com possíveis acidentes e complicações inerentes à cirurgia de instalação das fixações zigomáticas.

Zygomatic implants, which were developed by Prof. Brånemark in 1989, have proved to be a successful surgical alternative to bone grafts in the rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae. However, for these procedures to be executed safely, it is essential to identify anchorage areas, and this requires a thorough knowledge of the topography of regions which include important structures. This study is an anatomicai analysis of the accidents and complications related to the installation of zygomatic implants.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of craniofacial asymmetries in four areas of human skulls of various age groups to test the hypothesis that there is craniofacial symmetry before the chewing habit is established. The data were obtained from 95 skulls of fetuses, infants, children, and adults, from the collection of Federal University of São Paulo. The following measurements were taken on each skull with a digital caliper: from the infraorbital foramen to the anterior nasal spine (IOF); from the greater palatine foramen to the posterior nasal spine (GPF); from the spinous foramen to the basion (SF); and from the spinous foramen to the zygomatic arch (ZA). On different occasions, each measurement was taken three times on both sides of the skull in random order. The mean of the right-side measurements were subtracted from the mean of the left-side measurements, and the differences were transformed into percentages. Comparisons were made by analysis of variance. The presence of cranial asymmetry was statistically significant throughout the whole sample. The minimum value found was 2.8% and the maximum 6.5%. All age groups presented the same degree of asymmetry of distances IOF, GPF, and SF. The group of infants presented a higher degree of asymmetry on distance ZA, followed by the groups of fetuses, children, and adults. This study confirmed statistically significant craniofacial asymmetry in fetuses and infants (before dentition). Therefore, the hypothesis that craniofacial asymmetry only appears after establishment of the chewing habit was not supported.

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