RESUMO
Associations of the activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme with boar sperm quality still needs to be characterized, since boar ejaculates present distinct portions with differences in sperm concentration and quality. This study evaluated PON1 activity in the serum, in the distinct portions of boar ejaculates and estimated correlations with sperm quality parameters. Ejaculates and blood samples were collected from six boars for three weeks (two per week per boar; n = 36). Serum and post-spermatic portion PON1 activities were positively correlated (P = 0.01) but were both uncorrelated with the PON1 activity in the sperm-rich portion and in the whole ejaculate (P > 0.05). Differences in PON1 activity among boars were only observed in the sperm-rich portion of the ejaculate (P < 0.05). The PON1 activity in the serum and in the post-spermatic portion was generally negatively correlated with parameters of spermatozoa kinetics (P < 0.05). In the sperm-rich portion, PON1 activity was positively correlated with sperm concentration (P < 0.0001), curvilinear distance and velocity (both P < 0.05) and DNA integrity (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with straightness and linearity (P < 0.05). Thus, boar ejaculates with increased PON1 activity in the sperm-rich portion may present increased concentration and spermatozoa with acceptable curvilinear velocity and distance and DNA integrity, which suggests that PON1 activity may be a biomarker for potential fertility.
RESUMO
Associations of the activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme with boar sperm quality still needs to be characterized, since boar ejaculates present distinct portions with differences in sperm concentration and quality. This study evaluated PON1 activity in the serum, in the distinct portions of boar ejaculates and estimated correlations with sperm quality parameters. Ejaculates and blood samples were collected from six boars for three weeks (two per week per boar; n = 36). Serum and post-spermatic portion PON1 activities were positively correlated (P = 0.01) but were both uncorrelated with the PON1 activity in the sperm-rich portion and in the whole ejaculate (P > 0.05). Differences in PON1 activity among boars were only observed in the sperm-rich portion of the ejaculate (P < 0.05). The PON1 activity in the serum and in the post-spermatic portion was generally negatively correlated with parameters of spermatozoa kinetics (P < 0.05). In the sperm-rich portion, PON1 activity was positively correlated with sperm concentration (P < 0.0001), curvilinear distance and velocity (both P < 0.05) and DNA integrity (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with straightness and linearity (P < 0.05). Thus, boar ejaculates with increased PON1 activity in the sperm-rich portion may present increased concentration and spermatozoa with acceptable curvilinear velocity and distance and DNA integrity, which suggests that PON1 activity may be a biomarker for potential fertility.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Arildialquilfosfatase/análise , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Biomarcadores , Fármacos para a Fertilidade/análise , Dieta Rica em Proteínas/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is one of the main respiratorydiseases of pigs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of SEP in one farm with an independent production system,low level of technification and high losses in the meat packing plant, based on slaughterhouse, clinical and laboratory monitoring.Materials, Methods & Results: This study consisted of three monitoring steps, divided into 3 periods: P1, P2 and P3. In the first step ofthe study, slaughterhouse reports were analyzed and slaughtering was monitored at one meatpacking plant in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.The second step of the study started by drawing up a profile of the farm that supplied the pigs to the aforementioned slaughterhouse,after which clinical monitoring was performed on three occasions. The third step of the study (laboratory monitoring) involved collecting lung fragments containing suspected SEP lesions from the meatpacking plant and subjecting them analysis. The average measuredenzootic pneumonia (EP) in P3 was 38.54% (P < 0.05) higher than in P1 and 29.79 higher than in P2. The mean frequency of pulmonaryemphysema (PE) in P3 was 59.13% (P < 0.05) higher than in P1 and 48.04% higher than in P2. The mean number of lung adhesions(LA) did not differ statistically (P > 0.05) between P1, P2 and P3. As for the mean frequency of pulmonary hepatization (PH), P3 was48.80% higher (P < 0.05) than P1 and 41.78% higher than P2. With regard to the mean frequency of craniodorsal lung lesions (CLL), P3was 48.26% higher (P < 0.05) than P1 and 40.77% higher than P2. The mean frequency of disseminated lesions (DL) and the pneumoniaseverity index (PSI) showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) between the 3 evaluated periods. On the other hand, in the finishingperiod (FP), the frequency of coughing and sneezing was 37.56% (P < 0.05) higher in P1 than in P3. The frequency of coughing and...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/epidemiologia , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/patogenicidade , Suínos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Indústria da CarneRESUMO
Background: Swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is one of the main respiratorydiseases of pigs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of SEP in one farm with an independent production system,low level of technification and high losses in the meat packing plant, based on slaughterhouse, clinical and laboratory monitoring.Materials, Methods & Results: This study consisted of three monitoring steps, divided into 3 periods: P1, P2 and P3. In the first step ofthe study, slaughterhouse reports were analyzed and slaughtering was monitored at one meatpacking plant in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.The second step of the study started by drawing up a profile of the farm that supplied the pigs to the aforementioned slaughterhouse,after which clinical monitoring was performed on three occasions. The third step of the study (laboratory monitoring) involved collecting lung fragments containing suspected SEP lesions from the meatpacking plant and subjecting them analysis. The average measuredenzootic pneumonia (EP) in P3 was 38.54% (P 0.05) between P1, P2 and P3. As for the mean frequency of pulmonary hepatization (PH), P3 was48.80% higher (P 0.05) between the 3 evaluated periods. On the other hand, in the finishingperiod (FP), the frequency of coughing and sneezing was 37.56% (P < 0.05) higher in P1 than in P3. The frequency of coughing and...
Assuntos
Animais , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/patogenicidade , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/epidemiologia , Indústria da Carne , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , SuínosRESUMO
Background: In swine production, good reproduction rates can be achieved through genetic selection and reproductivebiotechnologies. One of these biotechnologies is artificial insemination, which contributes to disseminate genes and optimizebreeding boars, thus improving the quality of insemination doses. This study focused on evaluating the intervals betweensemen collection from boars at the beginning of their reproductive maturity vis-à-vis the viability of insemination doses.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty 9-month-old boars of the genetic lineage AGPIC 337 (Agroceres PIC) were used inthis study. The experimental design used here was completely randomized, and the randomly selected males were dividedinto four treatment groups, which were named according to the interval between semen sample collections: T1: 2 days; T2:3 days; T3: 4 days and T4: 7 days. Each treatment comprised 5 animals, and at the end of the 90 days of this study, a totalof 150 ejaculates were obtained in T1, 110 in T2, 90 in T3 and 60 in T4. The values of total motility, volume and spermconcentration of the ejaculates were evaluated, as was oxidative stress by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), the latter after 0, 72, 120 and 168 h of the study. Membrane integrity was evaluated at 0, 72, 120 and 168 h usingthe eosin-nigrosin staining procedure. Sperm heat resistance was tested after 120 h, and sperm morphology after 72, 120 and168 h. Sperm concentrations differed, with T3 showing 27.04% and 29.65% higher concentrations (P < 0.05) than groupsT2 and T1, respectively. Total motility in group T4 was 0.56%, 1.98% and 3.28% higher (P < 0.05) than in T3, T2 and T1,respectively, indicating that the 7-day interval produced the best result. The heat...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Suínos , Sêmen , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/veterinária , Inseminação Artificial/veterináriaRESUMO
El intervencionismo en mama se inició con la localización preoperatoria de lesiones no palpables. En una segunda etapa, el desarrollo de técnicas de biopsias en las tres modalidades (mamografía, ultrasonido y resonancia magnética), reforzaron las indicaciones de localización de lesiones con histología ya confirmada. La técnica de localización en Argentina se basó casi exclusivamente en la inserción de alambres con arpones e inyección de carbón. A partir del año 2001, se ofreció como alternativa a las localizaciones con arpones la inserción de semilla de Iodo-125, considerando las ventajas para la paciente, el cirujano y el sistema hospitalario al desacoplar los turnos de quirófano y servicios de imágenes, otorgando acceso a cualquier cuadrante con incisiones cosméticas. La provisión del isótopo es la clave para instalar y atender la demanda de los usuarios, una vez que han conocido los méritos del procedimiento. En todos los ámbitos y distintos países, se verificó una lenta incorporación a la rutina de localización de lesiones con material radioactivo, primariamente por las regulaciones fundamentales y justificadas para la adquisición del isótopo. En nuestro medio y en una labor conjunta con la Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), logramos finalmente, en el año 2017, el reconocimiento de la práctica. Revisamos la bibliografía, describimos la técnica y la logística para lograr autorización de aquellos centros interesados en aplicar un procedimiento universalmente adoptado por sus ventajas respecto a los métodos tradicionales.
Diagnostic intervention in breast disease started with preoperative localization of non- palpable lesions. Later, with the histological diagnosis obtained through biopsy techniques in mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, the localization of lesions has become a must. Traditionally, in Argentina, the localization technique was exclusively based on the insertion of harpoon-shaped guided wires and carbon suspension. Since 2001, the iodine-125 radioactive seed localization has emerged as a reliable and advantageous alternative for the patient, the surgeon and the hospital system, reducing scheduling conflicts between the breast imaging department and the surgical department, and allowing access to any quadrant with cosmetic incisions. The isotope provision is the key to satisfying the users demand, once they have known the merits of the procedure. The implementation of radioactive material for the localization of lesions has been tardy in all fields and in different countries, mainly due to justified regulations related to the acquisition of the isotope. As a result of joint efforts with the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (Nuclear Regulatory Authority), the practice finally gained its deserved recognition in 2017. We conducted a review of the existing literature and described the technique and the logistics to obtain the approval of the sites that were interested in the deployment of a widely used procedure that has proved to be more advantageous than traditional methods.
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Argentina , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to measure the nitrogen (N) balance of pigs fed with lysine-limiting diets containing practical levels of wheat bran (WB) or soybean hulls (SH). Twelve pigs with average weights of 57.36±2.01 and 72.68±3.24 kg were used in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In trial 1, treatments were CT1 - control diet and WB - diet with inclusion of 15% WB. In trial 2, CT2 - control diet and SH - diet with inclusion of 6% SH. Fibrous diets increased (P<0.05) the fecal N in 63.54 and 60.55% in relation to CT1 and CT2, respectively. The urinary N was higher (P<0.05) in pigs receiving the WB diet, but was not influenced in the trial with SH. The N retention (NRET) was higher (P>0.05) in pigs ingesting the WB diet; although, when the proportion of NRET was expressed relative to N ingested (NING) there was no difference (P>0.05) between treatments. Inclusion of SH did not affect (P>0.05) the NRET when the result was expressed in absolute or proportional terms. In conclusion, inclusion of practical levels of WB and SH does not significantly affect the metabolic costs involved with nitrogen metabolism. However, only WB was able to contribute to the N balance of pigs, while the relative amount of N added by SH was fully recovered in feces.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi medir o balanço de nitrogênio (N) de suínos alimentados com dietas limitantes em lisina contendo níveis práticos de inclusão de farelo de trigo (FT) ou casca de soja (CS). Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados com peso médio inicial de 57,36±2,01 kg e 72,68±3,24 kg nos experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. No experimento 1 os tratamentos foram CT1 - dieta controle, e FT - dieta com inclusão de 15% de FT. No experimento 2 CT2 - dieta controle, e CS - dieta com inclusão de 6% CS. As dietas fibrosas aumentaram (P<0,05) o N fecal em 64,54 e 60,55% em relação a CT1 e CT2, respectivamente. O N urinário foi maior (P<0,05) nos suínos que receberam a dieta FT, mas não foi afetado no experimento com CS. A retenção de N (NRET) foi maior (P<0,05) nos suínos alimentados com a dieta FT, entretanto quando a proporção do NRET foi expressa em relação ao N ingerido (NING) não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (P<0,05). A inclusão de CS não afetou (P<0,05) a NRET quando os resultados foram expressos em termos absolutos ou proporcionais. Em conclusão, a inclusão de níveis práticos de FT ou CS não afeta significativamente o custo metabólico envolvido no metabolismo de N. Entretanto, apenas o FT foi capaz de contribuir para o balanço de N dos suínos, enquanto a quantidade N relativa a adição de CS foi totalmente recuperada nas fezes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Nitrogênio , Alimentos de Soja , Triticum , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , LisinaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the nitrogen (N) balance of pigs fed with lysine-limiting diets containing practical levels of wheat bran (WB) or soybean hulls (SH). Twelve pigs with average weights of 57.36±2.01 and 72.68±3.24 kg were used in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In trial 1, treatments were CT1 - control diet and WB - diet with inclusion of 15% WB. In trial 2, CT2 - control diet and SH - diet with inclusion of 6% SH. Fibrous diets increased (P<0.05) the fecal N in 63.54 and 60.55% in relation to CT1 and CT2, respectively. The urinary N was higher (P<0.05) in pigs receiving the WB diet, but was not influenced in the trial with SH. The N retention (NRET) was higher (P>0.05) in pigs ingesting the WB diet; although, when the proportion of NRET was expressed relative to N ingested (NING) there was no difference (P>0.05) between treatments. Inclusion of SH did not affect (P>0.05) the NRET when the result was expressed in absolute or proportional terms. In conclusion, inclusion of practical levels of WB and SH does not significantly affect the metabolic costs involved with nitrogen metabolism. However, only WB was able to contribute to the N balance of pigs, while the relative amount of N added by SH was fully recovered in feces.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi medir o balanço de nitrogênio (N) de suínos alimentados com dietas limitantes em lisina contendo níveis práticos de inclusão de farelo de trigo (FT) ou casca de soja (CS). Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados com peso médio inicial de 57,36±2,01 kg e 72,68±3,24 kg nos experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. No experimento 1 os tratamentos foram CT1 - dieta controle, e FT - dieta com inclusão de 15% de FT. No experimento 2 CT2 - dieta controle, e CS - dieta com inclusão de 6% CS. As dietas fibrosas aumentaram (P<0,05) o N fecal em 64,54 e 60,55% em relação a CT1 e CT2, respectivamente. O N urinário foi maior (P<0,05) nos suínos que receberam a dieta FT, mas não foi afetado no experimento com CS. A retenção de N (NRET) foi maior (P<0,05) nos suínos alimentados com a dieta FT, entretanto quando a proporção do NRET foi expressa em relação ao N ingerido (NING) não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (P<0,05). A inclusão de CS não afetou (P<0,05) a NRET quando os resultados foram expressos em termos absolutos ou proporcionais. Em conclusão, a inclusão de níveis práticos de FT ou CS não afeta significativamente o custo metabólico envolvido no metabolismo de N. Entretanto, apenas o FT foi capaz de contribuir para o balanço de N dos suínos, enquanto a quantidade N relativa a adição de CS foi totalmente recuperada nas fezes.
RESUMO
Background: In swine production, good reproduction rates can be achieved through genetic selection and reproductivebiotechnologies. One of these biotechnologies is artificial insemination, which contributes to disseminate genes and optimizebreeding boars, thus improving the quality of insemination doses. This study focused on evaluating the intervals betweensemen collection from boars at the beginning of their reproductive maturity vis-à-vis the viability of insemination doses.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty 9-month-old boars of the genetic lineage AGPIC 337 (Agroceres PIC) were used inthis study. The experimental design used here was completely randomized, and the randomly selected males were dividedinto four treatment groups, which were named according to the interval between semen sample collections: T1: 2 days; T2:3 days; T3: 4 days and T4: 7 days. Each treatment comprised 5 animals, and at the end of the 90 days of this study, a totalof 150 ejaculates were obtained in T1, 110 in T2, 90 in T3 and 60 in T4. The values of total motility, volume and spermconcentration of the ejaculates were evaluated, as was oxidative stress by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), the latter after 0, 72, 120 and 168 h of the study. Membrane integrity was evaluated at 0, 72, 120 and 168 h usingthe eosin-nigrosin staining procedure. Sperm heat resistance was tested after 120 h, and sperm morphology after 72, 120 and168 h. Sperm concentrations differed, with T3 showing 27.04% and 29.65% higher concentrations (P < 0.05) than groupsT2 and T1, respectively. Total motility in group T4 was 0.56%, 1.98% and 3.28% higher (P < 0.05) than in T3, T2 and T1,respectively, indicating that the 7-day interval produced the best result. The heat...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/veterinária , Suínos , Sêmen , Inseminação Artificial/veterináriaRESUMO
Epiteliogênese imperfecta se caracteriza por la formación epitelial incompleta debido al ectodermo germen y mesodermo durante el período embrionario. La enfermedad varía en gravedad, y se describe en la mayoría de las especies domésticas. En algunas especies, el resultado de mutaciones herdadas genéticamente, pero la herencia no ha sido probado en otros. En este trabajo, vamos a abordar un caso de epiteliogênese imperfecta en un cerdo macho con aproximadamente 21 días de edad, se reunió en Medicina y porcina Reproducción de la Universidad Federal de Santa Maria. De acuerdo a la información del propietario, el animal nació con una malformación de la piel en aproximadamente 40% de la superficie dorsal posterior. El tratamiento fue la base de un antiséptico para prevenir la proliferación de patógenos en las secreciones, aceite mineral para la hidratación de la piel, además de un epitelizante y la curación. Dado que esta condición es esporádica y afecta a algunos animales de una misma camada, los intentos de prevenir la enfermedad a través de animales de cría eliminación no es factible. Sin embargo, la descendencia con este tipo de trastorno de la piel, y sobreviven, no debe ser mantenido como criadores futuras.
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta is characterized by incomplete formation derived epithelial germ ectoderm and mesoderm failures during the embryonic period. The disease varies in severity and was described in most domestic species. In some species, the result of genetically inherited mutations, but heredity was not confirmed in others. In this work, we addressed a case of epitheliogenesis imperfecta in a male pig with approximately 21 days of age, served in Medicine and Reproduction of Swine, Federal University of Santa Maria. According to information from the owner, the animal was born with malformation of the skin in approximately 40% of the posterior dorsal region. The treatment was the basis of an antiseptic to prevent proliferation of pathogens in secretions, mineral oil for moisturizing the skin, plus an epitelizante and healing. Since this condition is sporadic and affects some animals within a litter, attempts to prevent the disease by eliminating the breeding of animals is not feasible. However, offspring with this type of skin disorder, and survive, should not be kept as future breeders.
A epiteliogênese imperfeita é caracterizada pela incompleta formação epitelial decorrente de falhas germinativas no ectoderma e mesoderma durante o período embrionário. A doença varia em gravidade e foi descrita na maior parte das espécies domésticas. Em algumas espécies, resulta de mutações geneticamente herdadas, mas a hereditariedade não foi comprovada em outras. Neste trabalho, é abordado um caso de epiteliogênese imperfeita em um suíno macho com aproximadamente 21 dias de idade, atendido na Medicina e Reprodução de Suínos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. De acordo com as informações do proprietário, o animal nasceu com malformação da pele em aproximadamente 40% da região dorsal posterior. O tratamento foi instituído a base de um antisséptico para evitar proliferação de patógenos nas secreções, óleo mineral para a hidratação da pele, além de um epitelizante e cicatrizante. Como esta condição é esporádica e afeta alguns animais dentro de uma ninhada, tentativas de prevenção da doença pela eliminação do plantel de animais se torna inviável. Contudo, a prole com este tipo de alteração cutânea, e que sobrevivem, não devem ser mantidos como futuros reprodutores.
Assuntos
Animais , Displasia Ectodérmica/veterinária , Epitélio/anormalidades , Epitélio/embriologia , Suínos/embriologia , Anormalidades da Pele/veterináriaRESUMO
Epiteliogênese imperfecta se caracteriza por la formación epitelial incompleta debido al ectodermo germen y mesodermo durante el período embrionario. La enfermedad varía en gravedad, y se describe en la mayoría de las especies domésticas. En algunas especies, el resultado de mutaciones herdadas genéticamente, pero la herencia no ha sido probado en otros. En este trabajo, vamos a abordar un caso de epiteliogênese imperfecta en un cerdo macho con aproximadamente 21 días de edad, se reunió en Medicina y porcina Reproducción de la Universidad Federal de Santa Maria. De acuerdo a la información del propietario, el animal nació con una malformación de la piel en aproximadamente 40% de la superficie dorsal posterior. El tratamiento fue la base de un antiséptico para prevenir la proliferación de patógenos en las secreciones, aceite mineral para la hidratación de la piel, además de un epitelizante y la curación. Dado que esta condición es esporádica y afecta a algunos animales de una misma camada, los intentos de prevenir la enfermedad a través de animales de cría eliminación no es factible. Sin embargo, la descendencia con este tipo de trastorno de la piel, y sobreviven, no debe ser mantenido como criadores futuras.(AU)
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta is characterized by incomplete formation derived epithelial germ ectoderm and mesoderm failures during the embryonic period. The disease varies in severity and was described in most domestic species. In some species, the result of genetically inherited mutations, but heredity was not confirmed in others. In this work, we addressed a case of epitheliogenesis imperfecta in a male pig with approximately 21 days of age, served in Medicine and Reproduction of Swine, Federal University of Santa Maria. According to information from the owner, the animal was born with malformation of the skin in approximately 40% of the posterior dorsal region. The treatment was the basis of an antiseptic to prevent proliferation of pathogens in secretions, mineral oil for moisturizing the skin, plus an epitelizante and healing. Since this condition is sporadic and affects some animals within a litter, attempts to prevent the disease by eliminating the breeding of animals is not feasible. However, offspring with this type of skin disorder, and survive, should not be kept as future breeders.(AU)
A epiteliogênese imperfeita é caracterizada pela incompleta formação epitelial decorrente de falhas germinativas no ectoderma e mesoderma durante o período embrionário. A doença varia em gravidade e foi descrita na maior parte das espécies domésticas. Em algumas espécies, resulta de mutações geneticamente herdadas, mas a hereditariedade não foi comprovada em outras. Neste trabalho, é abordado um caso de epiteliogênese imperfeita em um suíno macho com aproximadamente 21 dias de idade, atendido na Medicina e Reprodução de Suínos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. De acordo com as informações do proprietário, o animal nasceu com malformação da pele em aproximadamente 40% da região dorsal posterior. O tratamento foi instituído a base de um antisséptico para evitar proliferação de patógenos nas secreções, óleo mineral para a hidratação da pele, além de um epitelizante e cicatrizante. Como esta condição é esporádica e afeta alguns animais dentro de uma ninhada, tentativas de prevenção da doença pela eliminação do plantel de animais se torna inviável. Contudo, a prole com este tipo de alteração cutânea, e que sobrevivem, não devem ser mantidos como futuros reprodutores.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Epitélio/anormalidades , Epitélio/embriologia , Suínos/embriologia , Displasia Ectodérmica/veterinária , Anormalidades da Pele/veterináriaRESUMO
Determination of animal profile from production scenarios by modeling is essential to improve production. The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the performance, the supply and nutrients requirements for pigs, during the growing and finishing phases, in real production scenarios. Six scenarios with 2,200 animals, which consumed six ad libitum diets, were selected. The collected data from the production scenarios were modeled based on the average animal. Animals were housed at 65±7 days old and weighing 22.11±1.41kg and were slaughtered at 159±10 days old and weighing 121.18±7kg. Average of the scenarios was greater than 0.27kg for consumption and 0.12kg for weight gain; feed conversion was equivalent to the standard animal profile (SAP). Scenarios were 1.60g higher for the requirement and 2.67g higher for daily digestible lysine per animal when compared to the SAP. Production scenarios showed differences between performance, supply and nutrient requirements for pigs during the growing and finishing phases. Modeling is a tool that can be used to describe and compare the characteristics of each production scenario.
A determinação do perfil animal de cenários de produção, por modelagem, é imprescindível para melhorar a produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi modelar e avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, o fornecimento e as exigências de nutrientes para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação em cenários de produção reais. Foram selecionados seis cenários com total de 2.200 animais que consumiram seis dietas ad libitum. Os dados coletados nos cenários de produção foram modelados com base na média animal. Os animais foram alojados com 65±7 dias de idade e 22,11±1,41kg de peso e foram abatidos com 159±10 dias e 121,18±7kg. A média dos cenários foi superior a 0,27kg em consumo e 0,12kg em ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar foi equivalente ao perfil animal padrão (PAP). Os cenários foram superiores em 1,60g para exigência e 2,67g para fornecimento de lisina digestível diária por animal em relação ao PAP. Os cenários de produção apresentam diferenças para desempenho zootécnico, fornecimento e exigências de nutrientes para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. A modelagem é uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada para descrever e comparar as especificidades em cada cenário de produção.
RESUMO
Determination of animal profile from production scenarios by modeling is essential to improve production. The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the performance, the supply and nutrients requirements for pigs, during the growing and finishing phases, in real production scenarios. Six scenarios with 2,200 animals, which consumed six ad libitum diets, were selected. The collected data from the production scenarios were modeled based on the average animal. Animals were housed at 65±7 days old and weighing 22.11±1.41kg and were slaughtered at 159±10 days old and weighing 121.18±7kg. Average of the scenarios was greater than 0.27kg for consumption and 0.12kg for weight gain; feed conversion was equivalent to the standard animal profile (SAP). Scenarios were 1.60g higher for the requirement and 2.67g higher for daily digestible lysine per animal when compared to the SAP. Production scenarios showed differences between performance, supply and nutrient requirements for pigs during the growing and finishing phases. Modeling is a tool that can be used to describe and compare the characteristics of each production scenario.(AU)
A determinação do perfil animal de cenários de produção, por modelagem, é imprescindível para melhorar a produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi modelar e avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, o fornecimento e as exigências de nutrientes para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação em cenários de produção reais. Foram selecionados seis cenários com total de 2.200 animais que consumiram seis dietas ad libitum. Os dados coletados nos cenários de produção foram modelados com base na média animal. Os animais foram alojados com 65±7 dias de idade e 22,11±1,41kg de peso e foram abatidos com 159±10 dias e 121,18±7kg. A média dos cenários foi superior a 0,27kg em consumo e 0,12kg em ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar foi equivalente ao perfil animal padrão (PAP). Os cenários foram superiores em 1,60g para exigência e 2,67g para fornecimento de lisina digestível diária por animal em relação ao PAP. Os cenários de produção apresentam diferenças para desempenho zootécnico, fornecimento e exigências de nutrientes para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. A modelagem é uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada para descrever e comparar as especificidades em cada cenário de produção.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Nutrientes , Dieta/veterinária , Aumento de Peso , Ração AnimalRESUMO
Background: Through individual properties and synergistic action of its active principles, adding antioxidants (AN) in diet can indirectlyinfluence the meat properties and chemical characteristics, microbiological and sensory of the salami. This work evaluated the chemical, microbiological and sensory product made with meat from finishing pigs fed diets containing ractopamine (RAC) and natural AN.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and eight pigs were used in a completely randomized, blocked by sex and distributed in ninetreatments with 0, 10 and 20 ppm of RAC; 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AN and their interactions. The animals were slaughtered in slaughterhouse fridge with federal inspection. After that, for laboratory analysis and preparation of salami, the Longissimus dorsi muscle wasremoved from the right half carcass. Two duplicates of each treatment were separated and vacuum packed for the laboratory analyzes.In the sensory analysis evaluated the acceptability of Milano salami on a seven-point hedonic scale. The moisture percentage of thesalami prepared with meat from animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diet had an average 7.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control,20 ppm for RAC and levels of AN. The ash content in the salami produced from the animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diethad an average 9.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control, 20 RAC+250 AN and 250 AN. The protein content in the salami elaborated withanimal received 10 RAC+250 AN in the diet was 10.2% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The lipid content of the control groupsalami were 16.6% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. In the color evaluation of salami prepared with meat from females, the levelof inclusion 10 RAC+250 AN showed better acceptability (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. In relation to the characteristicodor, females salami with 500 AN from the treatment showed better acceptability (P < 0.05)...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Carne/análise , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal , Conservação de AlimentosRESUMO
Background: Through individual properties and synergistic action of its active principles, adding antioxidants (AN) in diet can indirectlyinfluence the meat properties and chemical characteristics, microbiological and sensory of the salami. This work evaluated the chemical, microbiological and sensory product made with meat from finishing pigs fed diets containing ractopamine (RAC) and natural AN.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and eight pigs were used in a completely randomized, blocked by sex and distributed in ninetreatments with 0, 10 and 20 ppm of RAC; 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AN and their interactions. The animals were slaughtered in slaughterhouse fridge with federal inspection. After that, for laboratory analysis and preparation of salami, the Longissimus dorsi muscle wasremoved from the right half carcass. Two duplicates of each treatment were separated and vacuum packed for the laboratory analyzes.In the sensory analysis evaluated the acceptability of Milano salami on a seven-point hedonic scale. The moisture percentage of thesalami prepared with meat from animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diet had an average 7.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control,20 ppm for RAC and levels of AN. The ash content in the salami produced from the animals that received 10 RAC+500 AN in the diethad an average 9.5% higher (P < 0.05) than control, 20 RAC+250 AN and 250 AN. The protein content in the salami elaborated withanimal received 10 RAC+250 AN in the diet was 10.2% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The lipid content of the control groupsalami were 16.6% higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments. In the color evaluation of salami prepared with meat from females, the levelof inclusion 10 RAC+250 AN showed better acceptability (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. In relation to the characteristicodor, females salami with 500 AN from the treatment showed better acceptability (P < 0.05)...
Assuntos
Animais , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Carne/análise , Ração Animal , Suínos , Conservação de AlimentosRESUMO
This study evaluated the liquid emulsion of oregano and rosemary essential oils in the control of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. We monitored 1334 piglets with average weight of 1.5 kg regarding the clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (T): (T1) control (saline), (T2) essential oils and (T3) enrofloxacin. T1 showed characteristic clinical signs of diarrhea differing (P 0.01) from other treatments. The cure rate of diarrhea was not different (P>0.01) between piglets receiving essential oils or antibiotic, regardless of the order of parturition of the sows. On the other hand, piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea born to sows with order of parturition less than three had a higher cure rate (74.6%) compared with diarrheal piglets born to sows with order of parturition between three and five (68.2%) and more than five (56.4%). The counting of heterotrophic bacteria colony, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and histological analyzes of the ileal epithelium showed no differences (P>0.01) among treatments. The emulsion with essential oils of oregano and rosemary (2mL kg-1), for piglets between zero and eight days of age, might replace the enrofloxacin in controlling clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea.(AU)
Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P 0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Origanum/fisiologia , Rosmarinus/administração & dosagem , Diarreia/fisiopatologia , Suínos/fisiologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , FezesRESUMO
This study evaluated the liquid emulsion of oregano and rosemary essential oils in the control of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. We monitored 1334 piglets with average weight of 1.5 kg regarding the clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (T): (T1) control (saline), (T2) essential oils and (T3) enrofloxacin. T1 showed characteristic clinical signs of diarrh between piglets receiving essential oils or antibiotic, regardless of the order of parturition of the sows. On the other hand, piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea born to sows with order of parturition less than three had a higher cure rate (74.6%) compared with diarrheal piglets born to sows with order of parturition between three and five 68.2%) and more than five (56.4%). The counting of heterotrophic bacteria colony, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and histological analyzes of the ileal epithelium showed no differences (P>0.01) among treatments. The emulsion with essential oils of oregano and rosemary (2mL kg-1), for piglets between zero and eight days of age, might replace the enrofloxacin in controlling clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea.
Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P 0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the liquid emulsion of oregano and rosemary essential oils in the control of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. We monitored 1334 piglets with average weight of 1.5 kg regarding the clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (T): (T1) control (saline), (T2) essential oils and (T3) enrofloxacin. T1 showed characteristic clinical signs of diarrhea differing (P 0.01) from other treatments. The cure rate of diarrhea was not different (P>0.01) between piglets receiving essential oils or antibiotic, regardless of the order of parturition of the sows. On the other hand, piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea born to sows with order of parturition less than three had a higher cure rate (74.6%) compared with diarrheal piglets born to sows with order of parturition between three and five (68.2%) and more than five (56.4%). The counting of heterotrophic bacteria colony, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and histological analyzes of the ileal epithelium showed no differences (P>0.01) among treatments. The emulsion with essential oils of oregano and rosemary (2mL kg-1), for piglets between zero and eight days of age, might replace the enrofloxacin in controlling clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea.
Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P 0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.
Assuntos
Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Diarreia/fisiopatologia , Origanum/fisiologia , Rosmarinus/administração & dosagem , Suínos/fisiologia , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Fezes , Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodosRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou os índices produtivos de matrizes suínas alimentadas com dietas contendo uma mescla líquida de óleos essenciais. Foram utilizadas 250 matrizes de ordens de parto (OP) entre um a oito, com duas dietas experimentais na gestação e duas na lactação (dietas controle e com 200ppm de óleos essenciais). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um arranjo fatorial 2x2 (tratamentos na gestação e na lactação) com as matrizes e leitegadas como unidade experimental. O peso vivo médio da leitegada ao desmame e o número de desmamados foram 8,0% e 3,8% superiores (P<0,05), respectivamente, para os leitões filhos de matrizes suplementadas com óleos essenciais. A temperatura corporal das fêmeas do controle e OP cinco, avaliadas no período pré-parto e durante o parto, foi 4,4% e 3,5% superiores (P<0,05) aos óleos essenciais, respectivamente. A adição de óleos essenciais na dieta de matrizes no final de gestação e no início da lactação aumentou o número de leitões desmamados e o peso de leitegada. As fêmeas suplementadas com óleos essenciais não apresentaram temperatura e sinais clínicos condizentes com disgalactia.
The study evaluated the production index of sows fed diets containing a blend of essential oils. A total of 250 sows of parturition orders (PO) between one to eight, with two experimental diets during gestation and in the lactation (control diet with 200ppm and essential oils). The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (treatments during pregnancy and lactation) with the sows and piglets as experimental unit. The average live weight of piglets at weaning and number of weaned were 8.0% and 3.8% higher (P<0.05), respectively for piglets from mothers supplemented with essential oils. The body temperature of females of the control and PO five, evaluated in the pre-parturition and in the parturition, was 4.4% and 3.5% higher (P<0.05) to essential oils, respectively. The addition of essential oils in the diet of sows in late pregnancy and early lactation increased the number of piglets weaned and litter weight. Females supplemented with essential oils, did not show temperature and clinical signs consistent with disgalactia.
RESUMO
The objectives were to evaluate prevalence of endometrial disease in patients treated with tamoxifen (TAM) and analyze the epidemiological, sonographic, hysteroscopic and histopathological findings. From January 1999 to December 2008, 152 breast cancer patients treated with TAM (20 mg/day), symptomatic (with bleeding) or asymptomatic, pre-and postmenopausal, were included consecutively in a prospective and observational follow-up study. Diagnostic methods were (TV) transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy and curettage biopsy. TV ultrasound was performed every 12 months for 12 to 60 months. The patients' age were 62.76 years ± 10.24 the TAM-time: 36.24 ± 19. Adenocarcinoma was observed in 3/87 patients (3.45%) with risk factors and in 1/65 (1.54%) without them (RA 1.91, IC 95% 1.88-1.94). We found benign disease in 148 patients (97.37%) and adenocarcinomas in 4 (2.63%), one within a polyp. The 4 adenocarcinomas were detected in postmenopausal women (2 asymptomatic) with endometrial thicknesses equal or greater than 16 mm. The cancer risk was significantly increased in symptomatic (2.36 versus 0.42 in asymptomatic). Three adenocarcinomas were observed between 24 and 48 months of treatment. In conclusion, we suggest an adequate transvaginal ultrasound monitoring of asymptomatic patients treated with TAM, with removal of polyps, because atypia can be present hidden within, considering risk factors and exposure time. We suggest as an acceptable cut-off = 10 mm in asymptomatic postmenopausal patients.