RESUMO

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of physiological abnormalities characterized by obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertriglyceridemia, which carry the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune and metabolic alterations have been observed in MetS and are associated with autoimmune development. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused by a complex interaction of environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors and hyperactivation of immune cells. Patients with SLE have a high prevalence of MetS, in which elevated CVD is observed. Among the efforts of multidisciplinary healthcare teams to make an early diagnosis, a wide variety of factors have been considered and associated with the generation of biomarkers. This review aimed to elucidate some primary biomarkers and propose a set of assessments to improve the projection of the diagnosis and evolution of patients. These biomarkers include metabolic profiles, cytokines, cardiovascular tests, and microRNAs (miRs), which have been observed to be dysregulated in these patients and associated with outcomes.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A few studies of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) distribution and frequency have shown a real context of infection in men. The study aimed to know the HPV types distribution in men from Northwestern Mexico, in general, per age and year. METHODS: A total of 1,769 males were recruited from 5 years (2011-2015), from an HPV PCR testing laboratory service. Penile scraps from urethral meatus and coronal sulcus were taken for DNA isolation. There were detected 32 high and low-risk HPV types by HPV Type 3.5 LCD-Array system. RESULTS: A high frequency of HPV-6 and HPV-66 and a reduced frequency of HPV-18 and HPV-11 was detected. Young men had a high risk of HPV infection regarding men aged 40 years and older. The theoretical coverage for the HPV vaccine in men was calculated, where the bivalent vaccine showed coverage of 21.66% in high-risk HPV positive cases. CONCLUSION: The men from Northwestern Mexico have a different distribution of high and low-risk HPV types and high risk of HPV infection in younger men, with a theoretical coverage for HPV bivalent vaccine of 1 of 10 positive men for any HPV type.

Assuntos

Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência

RESUMO

Background: Adiponectin, encoded by the ADIPOQ gene, is produced mainly by adipose tissue, and meaning as a metabolic and immunological regulator. The polymorphism rs822396 in ADIPOQ gene was previously associated with diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome components in Caucasian and Asiatic populations. The aim was to evaluate the association of the rs822396 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical alterations related to the metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: Measurements, as well as peripheral blood for DNA extraction, were obtained from 434 participants from Mexico. The rs822396 polymorphism genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was made with IBM-SPSSv20. Results: The rs822396G allele frequency was 22.1% in the Mexican population analyzed. In this study were detected differences according to G allele or GG genotype with the highest means, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, visceral fat, systolic arterial tension, glucose levels, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol (TC) levels, very low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and with triglycerides/glucose index. Significant differences were found with increased risk in the dominant model (AG/GG) of anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical alterations with regard to metabolic syndrome as the BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 2.19], WC (OR = 2.00), waist/hip index (OR = 1.65), body fat percentage (OR = 2.76), visceral fat (OR = 1.84), glucose levels (OR = 1.95), triglyceride levels (OR = 2.75), TC levels (OR = 1.63), high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.86), and insulin resistance surrogated by the Triglyceride/glucose index (OR = 2.64). Conclusion: The rs822396 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene seems to be a risk factor for obesity and metabolic alterations with regard to the metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population.

Assuntos

Adiponectina/genética , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adiposidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia , Pressão Sanguínea , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fenótipo , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 70% of female breast cancer patients have a body mass index (BMI) >25. In obesity, adipose tissue secretes additional resistin, which prompts a proinflammatory effect through its action on adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1). Several studies have associated the RETN gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1862513 (-420C

Assuntos

Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Resistina/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/etnologia , Obesidade/genética , Pós-Menopausa , Pré-Menopausa , Resistina/sangue

RESUMO

Peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PAD 4) is the responsible enzyme for a posttranslational modification called citrullination, originating the antigenic determinant recognized by anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). Four SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) have been described in PADI4 gene to form a susceptibility haplotype for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); nevertheless, results in association studies appear contradictory in different populations. The aim of the study was to analyze if the presence of three SNPs in PADI4 gene susceptibility haplotype (GTG) is associated with ACPA positivity in patients with RA. This was a cross-sectional study that included 86 RA patients and 98 healthy controls. Polymorphisms PADI4_89, PADI4_90, and PADI4_92 in the PADI4 gene were genotyped. The susceptibility haplotype (GTG) was more frequent in RA patients; interestingly, we found a new haplotype associated with RA with a higher frequency (GTC). There were no associations between polymorphisms and high scores in Spanish HAQ-DI and DAS-28, but we did find an association between RARBIS index and PADI4_89, PADI4_90 polymorphisms. We could not confirm an association between susceptibility haplotype presence and ACPA positivity. Further evidence about proteomic expression of this gene will determine its participation in antigenic generation and autoimmunity.

Assuntos

Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Haplótipos , Hidrolases/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos Cíclicos/imunologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína-Arginina Desiminase do Tipo 4 , Desiminases de Arginina em Proteínas , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

Type 2 diabetes nephropathy is a multifactorial trait whose threshold or limit for the phenotypic expression depends on the additive effect of multiple loci and environmental factors that are specific to each population. After the sequencing of human genome more susceptibility loci through linkage studies and association have been found. The association studies showed involvement 69 loci, whereas genetic linkage studies involved 24 loci. Among environmental factors, genetically unknown foods and excessive consumption of beverages with sweeteners has been reported. However, despite wide evidence in the genetic component in the development of kidney damage, the environment participation is not evident in several perinatal studies. One of the approaches proposed given the genetic heterogeneity that influences nephropathy, are epistasis studies, which will become increasingly important in the upcoming years.

Assuntos

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Nefropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Humanos , Cariotipagem