RESUMO
Resumen Los cigarrillos electrónicos sustituyeron el tabaco del cigarrillo convencional por un e-liquid compuesto por varios compuestos orgánicos; estos entraron al mercado sin mayores pruebas toxicológicas preclínicas o ensayos de seguridad a nivel mundial, generando un gran número de personas expuestas al aerosol de segunda mano, en quienes los posibles riesgos aún no han sido dilucidados. El objetivo de esta revisión es identificar los riesgos para la salud de personas expuestas al aerosol de segunda mano de cigarrillos electrónicos. La búsqueda bibliográfica realizó una revisión en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y EBSCO, incluyendo estudios realizados en humanos, animales e in vitro. Los principales hallazgos fueron exacerbaciones de asma, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, efectos proinflamatorios, estrés oxidativo y ansiedad. La evidencia encontró efectos adversos en personas expuestas al aerosol de segunda mano del cigarrillo electrónico; se destacan exacerbaciones de asma, neumonitis por hipersensibilidad, inflamación y estrés oxidativo.
Abstract Electronic cigarettes replaced the tobacco leaf in conventional cigarettes with an e-liquid composed of multiple organic compounds; these entered the market without major preclinical toxicological tests or safety trials worldwide. Generating a large number of people exposed to second-hand aerosol, to whom the possible risks have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this review was to identify the health risks of people exposed to second-hand aerosol from electronic cigarettes. The review was carried out using PubMed, Scielo and EBSCO databases, including studies carried out in humans, animals and invitro. The main findings were exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pro-inflammatory effects, oxidative stress and anxiety. Evidence found adverse effects in people exposed to second-hand aerosol from electronic cigarettes; highlighting exacerbations of asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
RESUMO
[This corrects the article on p. 1275 in vol. 12, PMID: 32355541.].
RESUMO
Despite good responses to first-line treatment with platinum-based combination chemotherapy, most ovarian cancer patients will relapse and eventually develop a platinum-resistant disease with a poor overall prognosis. The molecular events leading to the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells are not fully understood. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis to identify protein candidates deregulated in a cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line (A2780CP20) in comparison to their sensitive counterpart (A2780). Forty-eight proteins were differentially abundant in A2780CP20, as compared with A2780, cells. Enolase-1 (ENO1) was significantly decreased in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Western blots and RT-PCR confirmed our findings. Ectopic ENO1 expression increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. In contrast, small-interfering (siRNA)-based ENO1 silencing in A2780 cells reduced the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin treatment. Whereas glucose consumption was lower, intracellular levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared with their cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. Senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (ß-Gal) levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared with cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells. ß-Gal levels were decreased in ENO1 overexpressed clones. Protein levels of the cell cycle regulators and senescence markers p21 and p53 showed opposite expression patterns in cisplatin-resistant compared with cisplatin sensitive cells. Our studies suggest that decreased expression of ENO1 promotes glucose accumulation, induces senescence, and leads to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.